Hermann Wilhelm Goering (1893-1946) - siyasa, dan siyasa kuma shugaban soja na Nazi Jamus, Reich Ministan Sufurin Jiragen Sama, Reichsmarshal na Babban Jamusanci Reich, Obergruppenführer SA, Mai martaba SS Obergruppenführer, Janar na Sojan Ruwa da Janar na 'Yan Sanda na Kasa.
Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Luftwaffe - Sojan Sama na Jamus, wanda ya jagoranta daga 1939-1945.
Going ya kasance ɗayan mashahuran mutane a cikin Mulkin na Uku. A cikin dokar watan Yuni na 1941, a hukumance ana kiransa da "magajin Fuehrer".
A ƙarshen yaƙin, lokacin da kame Reichstag ya kasance ba makawa, kuma yaƙin neman iko ya fara a cikin fitattun 'yan Nazi, a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1945, bisa umarnin Hitler, an cire Goering daga duk mukamai da mukamai.
A hukuncin Kotun Nuremberg, an amince da shi a matsayin ɗayan manyan masu aikata laifukan yaƙi. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar rataya, duk da haka, a jajibirin aiwatar da hukuncin nasa, ya sami nasarar kashe kansa.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a tarihin rayuwar Goering, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwar Hermann Goering.
Tarihin Going
An haifi Hermann Goering a ranar Janairu 12, 1893 a cikin garin Bavaria na Rosenheim. Ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin dangin Gwamna-Janar Ernst Heinrich Goering, wanda ke kan abokantaka da Otto von Bismarck kansa.
Hermann shine ɗa na huɗu cikin yara 5, daga matar Heinrich ta biyu, mace baƙuwa Franziska Tiefenbrunn.
Yara da samari
Iyalin Goering sun rayu a gidan wani babban likita Bayahude kuma ɗan kasuwa Hermann von Epenstein, ƙaunataccen Francis.
Tunda mahaifin Hermann Goering ya kai matuka a fagen aikin soji, yaron kuma ya zama mai sha'awar lamuran soja.
Lokacin da yake kusan shekaru 11, iyayensa sun tura ɗansu zuwa makarantar allo, inda ake buƙatar horo mafi ƙarfi daga ɗalibai.
Ba da daɗewa ba saurayin ya yanke shawarar tserewa daga makarantar ilimi. A gida, ya nuna kamar ba shi da lafiya har zuwa lokacin da mahaifinsa ya ba shi izinin komawa makarantar allo. A wancan lokacin, tarihin rayuwa, Goering yana da sha'awar wasannin yaƙi, kuma ya bincika tarihin ƙwararrun masanan Teutonic.
Daga baya, Hermann ya yi karatu a makarantun cadet a cikin Karlsruhe da Berlin, inda ya kammala da girmamawa daga makarantar sojoji ta Lichterfelde. A cikin 1912, an sanya mutumin a cikin runduna ta soja, inda ya zama mai mukamin Laftana bayan wasu shekaru.
A farkon Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya (1914-1918), Goering ya yi yaƙi da Yammacin Yamma. Ba da daɗewa ba ya nemi canjin wurin zuwa Sojan Sama na Jamus, a sakamakon hakan ya sami izini game da Aviationan Jirgin Sama na 25.
Da farko dai, Herman ya tashi da jiragen sama a matsayin matukin jirgin sama na leken asiri, amma bayan wasu yan watanni an saka shi a kan wani mayakin yaki. Ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin ƙwararren matukin jirgin sama da jarumi wanda ya harbo jirgin abokan gaba da yawa. A lokacin aikinsa, Bajamushe ya lalata jirgin abokan gaba 22, wanda aka ba shi Giciyen ƙarfe na aji 1 da na 2.
Goering ya ƙare yaƙin tare da matsayin kyaftin. A matsayinsa na matukin jirgin sama na farko, an gayyace shi akai-akai don shiga cikin tashin jiragen sama na nunawa a cikin kasashen Scandinavia. A cikin 1922, mutumin ya shiga Jami'ar Munich a sashen kimiyyar siyasa.
Ayyukan siyasa
A ƙarshen 1922, wani muhimmin abu ya faru a tarihin rayuwar Hermann Goering. Ya sadu da Adolf Hitler, bayan haka ya shiga jam'iyyar Nazi.
Bayan 'yan watanni bayan haka, Hitler ya nada matukin jirgin sama a matsayin babban kwamandan askarawan da aka kashe (SA). Ba da daɗewa ba, Herman ya shiga shahararriyar Beer Putsch, waɗanda mahalarta suka nemi aiwatar da juyin mulki.
A sakamakon haka, an murkushe putch sosai, kuma an kame 'yan Nazi da yawa, gami da Hitler. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, yayin murkushe boren, Goering ya sami raunuka biyu a ƙafarsa ta dama. Ofaya daga cikin harsashin ya taɓa cinyata kuma ya kamu da cutar.
Sahabbai sun ja Herman zuwa ɗayan gidajen, wanda yake da Bayahude Robert Ballin. Ya daure raunukan Nazi wanda ke zub da jini sannan kuma ya ba shi mafaka. Daga baya, Goering, don nuna godiya, zai saki Robert da matarsa daga sansanin maida hankali.
A wancan lokacin, an tilasta wa tarihin rayuwar mutum ɓoye daga kama shi a ƙasashen waje. Ciwo mai tsanani ya addabe shi, sakamakon haka ya fara amfani da morphine, wanda kuma hakan ya shafi tunaninsa.
Hermann Goering ya koma gida bayan sanarwar afuwar a 1927, yana ci gaba da aiki a masana'antar jirgin sama. A wancan lokacin, 'yan Nazi ba su da ɗan goyon bayan ɗan ƙasa, suna ɗaukar 12 kawai daga cikin 491 a cikin Reichstag. An zabi Goering don wakiltar Bavaria.
Dangane da asalin matsalar tattalin arziki, Jamusawa basu gamsu da aikin gwamnatin yanzu ba. Yawanci saboda wannan, a cikin 1932 mutane da yawa sun zaɓi Nazi a cikin zaɓen, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suka sami kujeru 230 a majalisar.
A lokacin bazara na wannan shekarar, an zaɓi Hermann Goering shugaban Reichstag. Ya rike wannan mukamin har zuwa shekarar 1945. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 1933, aka yi mummunan kone gidan Reichstag, wanda ake zargin ‘yan kwaminisanci ne suka sa shi wuta. 'Yan Nazi sun ba da umarnin fatattakar kwaminisanci nan take, yana kiran a kama su ko kisa a wurin.
A cikin 1933, lokacin da Hitler ya riga ya karɓi matsayin Shugabar Gwamnatin Jamus, Goering ya zama Ministan Cikin Gida na Prussia da Kwamishinan Jirgin Sama na Reich. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya kafa 'yan sanda na sirri - Gestapo, sannan kuma an daga shi daga kyaftin zuwa janar na rundunar sojan kasa.
A tsakiyar 1934, wani mutum ya ba da umarnin kawar da mayaƙan SA 85 guda 85 waɗanda suka halarci yunƙurin juyin mulkin. Harbe-harben ba bisa ka'ida ba ya faru ne a lokacin da ake kira "Night of the Long Knives", wanda ya kasance daga 30 ga Yuni zuwa 2 ga Yuli.
A waccan lokacin, Jamus mai bin tafarkin wariyar launin fata, duk da Yarjejeniyar Versailles, ta fara aikin soja. Musamman, Herman ya kasance cikin ɓoye a cikin farfaɗo jirgin saman Jamus - Luftwaffe. A cikin 1939, Hitler ya fito fili ya ayyana cewa ana kera jiragen sama na soja da wasu manyan kayan aiki a cikin kasarsa.
An nada Goering a matsayin Ministan Sufurin Jiragen Ruwa na Uku. Ba da daɗewa ba aka ƙaddamar da babbar damuwa ta jihar "Hermann Goering Werke", wanda a cikin ta aka sami masana'antu da masana'antu da yawa da aka ƙwace daga yahudawa.
A 1938, Herman ya sami matsayin Field Marshal na jirgin sama. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haɗakar (Anschluss) ta Ostiriya zuwa Jamus. Kowane wata mai zuwa, Hitler, tare da mukarrabansa, suna samun ƙarin tasiri a fagen duniya.
Yawancin kasashen Turai sun rufe idanunsu kan gaskiyar cewa Jamus ta fito fili ta keta tanade-tanaden Yarjejeniyar ta Versailles. Kamar yadda lokaci zai nuna, wannan zai haifar da mummunan sakamako kuma zuwa yakin duniya na biyu (1939-1945).
Yakin duniya na biyu
Yaƙin da aka zubar da jini mafi girma a tarihin ɗan adam ya fara ne a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1939, lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kai wa Poland hari. A wannan ranar, Fuehrer ya nada Goering a matsayin magajinsa.
Bayan 'yan makonni, an ba Hermann Goering kyautar Knightly Order of Iron Cross. Ya sami wannan lambar girmamawa ne sakamakon kyakkyawan yakin da aka yi na Yaren mutanen Poland, inda Luftwaffe suka taka rawar gani. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce babu wani a cikin Jamus da ya sami irin wannan kyautar.
Musamman a gare shi, an gabatar da sabon matsayi na Reichsmarshal, godiya ga abin da ya zama mafi girman soja a ƙasar har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin.
Jirgin saman Jamusanci ya nuna iko mai ban mamaki kafin aiki a Burtaniya, wanda ya jimre da harin bam na Nazi mafi wahala. Kuma ba da daɗewa ba fifikon farko na Jamus akan Sojan Sama na Soviet kuma ya ɓace gaba ɗaya.
A wannan lokacin, Goering ya rattaba hannu kan takaddar “shawarar ƙarshe”, wanda a cikin wannan an kashe kusan Yahudawa miliyan 20. Abun al'ajabi ne cewa tun a shekarar 1942 shugaban Luftwaffe ya raba wa masanin Hitler na musamman, Albert Speer, cewa bai cire asarar Jamusawa a yakin ba.
Bugu da ƙari, mutumin ya yarda cewa babbar nasara ce ga Jamus kawai don kiyaye iyakokinta, ba ma maganar nasara.
A cikin 1943, sunan Reichsmarschall ya girgiza. Luftwaffe yana ƙara shan fadace-fadace ta iska tare da abokan gaba, kuma yana fama da asarar ma'aikata. Kuma kodayake Fuehrer bai cire Hermann daga mukaminsa ba, ya kasance yana ƙasa da karɓar shiga taron.
Lokacin da Goering ya fara rashin amincewa da Hitler, ya fara ba da ƙarin lokaci a cikin gidajen sa na marmari. Ya kamata a lura cewa shi masanin fasaha ne, sakamakon haka ya tattara tarin zane-zane, kayan tarihi, kayan ado da sauran abubuwa masu daraja.
A halin yanzu, Jamus tana matsowa kusa da durkushewarta. Sojojin Jamusawa sun sha kashi a kusan dukkan bangarorin. A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1945, Goering, bayan tattaunawa da abokan aikin sa, ya juya ga Fuehrer a rediyo, yana neman ya karbe mulki a hannun sa, tunda Hitler ya yi murabus daga kansa.
Nan da nan bayan haka, Hermann Goering ya ji ƙiwar Hitler don yin biyayya ga buƙatarsa. Bugu da ƙari, Fuhrer ya ƙwace masa dukkan mukamai da kyaututtuka, kuma ya ba da umarnin kame Reichsmarshal.
Martin Bormann ya sanar a rediyo cewa an dakatar da Goering saboda dalilai na kiwon lafiya. A cikin wasiyyar tasa, Adolf Hitler ya sanar da fitar da Hermann daga jam'iyyar da kuma soke umarnin nada shi a matsayin wanda zai gaje shi.
An saki Nazi daga kurkuku kwanaki 4 kafin sojojin Soviet suka kame Berlin. A ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1945, tsohon Reichsmarschall ya mika wuya ga Amurkawa.
Rayuwar mutum
A farkon 1922, Goering ya sadu da Karin von Kantsov, wanda ya yarda ya bar mijinta gare shi. A lokacin, ta riga ta sami ɗa.
Da farko dai, ma'auratan sun zauna a Bavaria, bayan haka suka zauna a Munich. Lokacin da Herman ya kamu da cutar morphine, dole ne a sanya shi a asibitin masu tabin hankali. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, ya nuna irin wannan ta'adi mai karfi da ya sa likitoci suka ba da umarnin a ajiye mai haƙuri a cikin masakala.
Tare da Karin Goering sun rayu kimanin shekaru 9, har zuwa lokacin da matar ta mutu a ƙarshen 1931. Bayan haka, matukin jirgin ya haɗu da ’yar fim Emmy Sonnenmann, wacce ta aure shi a 1935. Daga baya, ma’auratan suna da yarinya mai suna Edda.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, bikin auren nasu ya sami halartar Adolf Hitler, wanda ya kasance shaida daga ango.
Gwajin Nuremberg da mutuwa
Goering shine muhimmin jami'in Nazi na biyu da aka gwada a Nuremberg. An tuhume shi da wasu manyan laifuka na cin zarafin ɗan adam.
A shari'ar, Herman ya musanta dukkan zarge-zargen da ake yi masa, yana mai kaurace wa duk wani harin da zai kai shi. Koyaya, lokacin da aka gabatar da shaida ta hoto da bidiyo na cin zarafin 'yan Nazi da yawa, alƙalai sun yanke wa Bajamushe hukuncin kisa ta hanyar rataya.
Goering ya bukaci da a harbe shi, tunda ana ɗaukar mutuwa a kan gungume abin kunya ne ga soja. Sai dai kotun ta ki amincewa da bukatar tasa.
A jajibirin aiwatar da hukuncin, an ci gaba da tsare fascist a cikin kurkuku. A daren 15 ga Oktoba, 1946, Hermann Goering ya kashe kansa ta hanyar cizon ta cikin murfin cyanide. Masu rubutun tarihin shi har yanzu basu san yadda ya samo maganin guba ba. An kona gawar daya daga cikin manyan masu laifi a tarihin dan adam, bayan haka kuma tokar ta bazu a gabar Kogin Isar.
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