Elizabeth II (cikakken suna Elizabeth Alexandra Maria; jinsi 1926) ita ce Sarauniyar Burtaniya mai mulki da masarautun Commonwealth na Daular Windsor. Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Burtaniya. Babban Sarki na Cocin Ingila. Shugaban Kungiyar Kasashe.
Sarkin da ke yanzu a cikin kasashe 15 masu zaman kansu: Australia, Antigua da Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Vincent da Grenadines, Saint Kitts da Nevis, Saint Lucia, Solomon Islands , Tuvalu da Jamaica.
Yana riƙe da tarihi a tsakanin duk masarautun Burtaniya dangane da shekaru da kuma tsawon lokaci a kan karagar mulki.
Akwai tarihin abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin Elizabeth 2, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Elizabeth II ce.
Tarihin rayuwar Elizabeth II
An haifi Elizabeth 2 a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 1926 a gidan Yarima Albert, Sarki na gaba George 6, da Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. Tana da kanwa, Gimbiya Margaret, wacce ta mutu a 2002.
Yara da samari
Yayinda take yarinya, Elizabeth tayi karatu a gida. Asali, an koyawa yarinyar tarihin tsarin mulki, doka, tarihin zane-zane da kuma karatun addini. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce kusan ta mallaki Faransanci da kanta.
Ya kamata a lura cewa da farko Elizabeth ita ce gimbiya York kuma ita ce ta uku a jerin magada ga kursiyin. Saboda wannan da wasu dalilai, ba a yi mata kallon 'yar takarar gaske ba, amma lokaci ya nuna akasin haka.
Lokacin da Sarauniyar Burtaniya mai zuwa ta kasance kimanin shekara 10, ita da iyayenta suka ƙaura zuwa sanannen Fadar Buckingham. Bayan shekaru 3, aka fara yakin duniya na biyu (1939-1945), wanda ya kawo matsala mai yawa ga Burtaniya da sauran mazaunan duniyar.
Abun al'ajabi ne cewa a cikin 1940, Elizabeth mai shekaru 13 ta fito a rediyo a cikin shirin Sa'a Yara, a lokacin da take karfafawa da tallafawa yara waɗanda suka wahala daga tashin hankali.
A karshen yakin, an horar da yarinyar a matsayin matukin kanikanci, kuma an ba ta mukamin Laftana. A sakamakon haka, ba ta fara tuka motar asibiti kawai ba, har ma da gyaran motoci. Abin lura ne cewa ta zama mace tilo daga dangin sarauta da ta yi aikin soja.
Hukumar gudanarwa
A cikin 1951, yanayin lafiyar mahaifin Elizabeth II, George 6, ya bar abin da ake so. Masarautar ba ta da lafiya koyaushe, sakamakon haka ba zai iya cika ayyukansa ba kamar shugaban ƙasa.
Sakamakon haka, Elizabeth ta fara maye gurbin mahaifinta a taron hukuma. Sannan ta tafi Amurka, inda ta tattauna da Harry Truman. Bayan George 6 ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1952, aka sanar da Elizabeth II a matsayin Sarauniyar Masarautar Burtaniya.
A wancan lokacin, dukiyar masarautar Burtaniya ta fi ta yanzu girma. Masarautar ta hada da Afirka ta Kudu, Pakistan da Ceylon, wacce daga baya ta sami 'yencin kai.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1953-1954. Elizabeth II ta tafi yawon shakatawa na tsawon watanni shida a cikin kasashen Commonwealth da kuma mulkin mallakar Burtaniya. A cikin duka, ta rufe kilomita 43,000! Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a zahiri, masarautar Burtaniya ba ta shiga cikin lamuran siyasar ƙasar, amma tana wakiltar ta ne kawai a al'amuran duniya, kasancewar fuskar ƙasa.
Duk da wannan, Firayim ministocin, wadanda ainihin ikonsu ke hannunsu, suna ganin yana da muhimmanci a shawarci sarauniya kan batutuwa daban-daban.
Elizabeth sau da yawa tana ganawa da shugabannin duniya, tana shiga buɗe wasannin gasa, tana tattaunawa da mashahuran masu zane da al'adu, sannan kuma wani lokacin tana magana a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Shekaru da yawa tana mulkin ƙasar, an yaba mata kuma an yi mata kakkausar suka.
Koyaya, yawancin mutane suna girmama Elizabeth II. Mutane da yawa suna tuna da kyakkyawar aikin da Sarauniya ta yi a 1986.
Lokacin da matar ke tafiya cikin jirgin ruwanta zuwa ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen, an sanar da ita game da fara yaƙin basasa a Yemen. A daidai wannan lokacin, ta ba da umarnin canza hanya ta hau kan fararen hula da ke gudu. Godiya ga wannan, an sami ceto sama da mutane dubu.
Abin mamaki ne cewa Elizabeth II ta gayyaci fitattun mutane kamar Merlin Monroe, Yuri Gagarin, Neil Armstrong da sauran mutane da yawa zuwa liyafar ta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, Elizabeth 2 ita ce mai kirkirar gabatar da sabuwar al'ada ta sadarwa da batutuwa - "tafiyar masarauta". Ita da mijinta sun bi titunan biranen kuma sun yi magana da yawancin 'yan ƙasar.
A cikin 1999, Elizabeth II ta toshe wani kudiri kan aikin soja a Iraki, tana mai ambaton Dokar Yarjejeniyar Sarauta.
A lokacin bazara na shekarar 2012, Landan ta dauki bakuncin wasannin Olympics na 30, wanda Sarauniyar Burtaniya ta bude. A karshen wannan shekarar, an kirkiro wata sabuwar doka wacce ke sauya tsarin karbar mulki zuwa gadon sarauta. A cewarsa, magadan gadon maza sun rasa fifikon su akan mace.
A watan Satumban 2015, Elizabeth II ta zama mafi dadewa tana mulki a Biritaniya a tarihi. Dukan 'yan jaridar duniya sun yi rubutu game da wannan taron.
Rayuwar mutum
Lokacin da Elizabeth ta cika shekaru 21, ta zama matar Laftanar Philip Mountbatten, wanda, bayan an yi auren, aka ba ta sarautar Duke na Edinburgh. Mijinta ɗa ne ga Yarima Andrew na Girka.
A cikin wannan auren, ma'auratan suna da yara huɗu: Charles, Anna, Andrew da Edward. Yana da kyau a lura cewa a cikin surukan nata har ila yau Gimbiya Diana - matar farko ta Yarima Charles kuma mahaifiyar sarakuna William da Harry. Kamar yadda kuka sani, Diana ta mutu a cikin hatsarin mota a cikin 1997.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2017, Elizabeth 2, da Filibus suka yi bikin aure na platinum - shekaru 70 na rayuwar aure. Wannan auren sarauta shi ne mafi tsawo a tarihin ɗan adam.
Tun yarinta, mace tana da rauni ga dawakai. A wani lokaci, tana matukar son hawa doki, kasancewar ta daɗe shekaru da yawa tana wannan aikin. Bugu da kari, tana son karnuka masu tsarki kuma tana cikin aikin kiwo.
Kasancewar ta tsufa, Elizabeth 2 ta zama mai sha'awar aikin lambu. A karkashinta ne masarautar Burtaniya ta bude shafuka a shafukan sada zumunta da dama, sannan kuma ta samar da wani shafin yanar gizon hukuma.
Abin sha'awa, matar ta fi son gujewa kayan shafa, ban da lipstick. Tana da tarin huluna waɗanda suka wuce guda 5000.
Elizabeth 2 a yau
A shekarar 2017, bikin bikin Jubilee ya zo daidai da shekaru 65 na Sarauniyar.
A lokacin mulkin Elizabeth II, a farkon 2020, Burtaniya ta balle daga Tarayyar Turai. A lokacin bazara na wannan shekarar, wata mata ta gabatar da jawabi ga al'ummar kasar dangane da cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar. Wannan shi ne kira na 5 na ban mamaki ga mutane a cikin shekaru 68 na kasancewa kan karagar mulki.
Ya zuwa yau, kula da Elizabeth II da kotun ta na kashe jihar sama da dala miliyan 400 a shekara! Irin waɗannan mahimman kuɗaɗe suna haifar da guguwar suka daga yawancin Birtaniyya.
A lokaci guda kuma, masu goyon bayan adana masarautar suna jayayya cewa irin wadannan kashe kudade suna kawo babbar riba ta hanyar karbar kudi daga ‘yan yawon bude ido da suka zo don ganin bikin sarauta da abubuwan da suka faru. Sakamakon haka, kuɗaɗen shiga sun ninka kashe kusan sau 2.
Hoton Elizabeth 2
