George Washington (1732-1799) - Ba'amurke kuma ɗan siyasa, zaɓaɓɓen zaɓaɓɓen Shugaban Amurka (1789-1797), ɗaya daga cikin iyayen da suka kafa Amurka, Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Nahiyar, ɗan takara a Yaƙin neman 'Yanci kuma wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Shugabancin Amurka
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Washington, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, ga ɗan gajeren tarihin George Washington.
Tarihin rayuwar Washington
An haifi George Washington a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 1732 a Virginia. Ya girma ne a gidan wani hamshakin mai kuɗaɗen bawa kuma mai tsire Augustine da matarsa Mary Ball, wacce 'yar wani babban firist ne na Ingilishi kuma Laftanar kanar.
Yara da samari
Washington Sr. tana da yara huɗu daga tsohuwar aure da Jane Butler, wacce ta mutu a shekara ta 1729. Bayan haka, ya auri wata yarinya mai suna Mary, wacce ta haifa masa wasu yara shida, na farkonsu shine shugaban Amurka na gaba.
Mahaifiyar George mace ce mai taurin kai da rashin yarda wacce take da nata ra'ayi kuma ba ta taɓa yin tasiri da tasirin wasu mutane ba. Ta kasance koyaushe tana bin ƙa'idodinta, waɗanda daga baya suka gaji ɗanta na fari.
Bala'i na farko a tarihin Washington ya faru ne yana da shekara 11, lokacin da mahaifinsa ya rasu. Duk arzikinsa, wanda ya kunshi kadada dubu 10,000 da bayi 49, shugaban gidan ya bar wa yaran. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce George ya sami ƙasa (kadada 260), ya fi kama da gona, da bayi 10.
Yayinda yake yarinya, Washington ta kasance mai karatun gida tare da mai da hankali kan ilimin kai tsaye. Bayan ya sami gadon, sai ya yanke shawarar cewa bautar ta sabawa mutuntaka da ka'idoji, amma a lokaci guda ya gane cewa kawar da bautar ba zata zo da wuri ba.
Lord Fairfax, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu mallakar ƙasa a lokacinsa, ya yi tasiri sosai game da halayen George. Ya taimakawa saurayin kula da gonar, sannan ya taimaka wajen gina aiki a matsayin mai binciken filaye da jami'i.
Bayan dan uwan Washington ya mutu yana da shekara 20, George ya gaji dutsen Vernon da bayi 18. A wannan lokacin, tarihin rayuwar, mutumin ya fara mallakan ƙirar mai binciken ƙasa, wanda ya fara kawo masa kuɗin sa na farko.
Daga baya, George ya jagoranci ɗayan gundumomin mayaƙan Virginia a matsayin na kusa. A cikin 1753 an sanya shi don cika aikin mai wahala - don faɗakar da Faransawa game da rashin cancantar kasancewar su a Ohio.
Washington ta ɗauki kimanin watanni biyu da rabi don shawo kan haɗarin hanyar mai nisan kilomita 800 kuma, sakamakon haka, aiwatar da umarnin. Bayan haka, ya shiga cikin kamfen don kama Fort Duquesne. A sakamakon haka, masarautar Burtaniya, wacce George ya umarta, sun sami damar mamaye sansanin.
Wannan nasarar ta kawo ƙarshen mamayar Faransa a Ohio. A lokaci guda, Indiyawa na gida sun yarda su wuce zuwa gefen wanda ya yi nasara. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da dukkan kabilun.
George Washington ya ci gaba da yaƙi da Faransanci, ya zama kwamandan Runduna ta Yankin Virginia. Koyaya, a cikin 1758, jami'in mai shekaru 26 ya yanke shawarar yin ritaya.
Shiga cikin fadace-fadace da gwagwarmaya don ra'ayinsa ya taurare George. Ya zama mutum mai keɓewa da ladabi, koyaushe yana ƙoƙarin kiyaye halin da ake ciki. Ya kasance mai aminci ga addinai na mutane daban-daban, amma shi kansa bai ɗauki kansa mutum mai yawan addini ba.
Siyasa
Bayan ya yi ritaya, Washington ta zama mai cin nasara bawa da kuma tsire-tsire. A lokaci guda, ya nuna matukar sha'awar siyasa. A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1758-1774. an zabi mutumin sau da yawa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Virginia.
A matsayinsa na babban mai shukawa, George ya yanke shawarar cewa manufar Biritaniya ba ta da kyau. An soki lamirin hukumomin Burtaniya na hana ci gaban masana'antu da kasuwanci a yankunan mulkin mallaka.
Saboda wannan da wasu dalilai, Washington ta kafa al'umma a Virginia don kauracewa duk kayayyakin Burtaniya. Abin mamaki, Thomas Jefferson da Patrick Henry suna tare da shi.
Mutumin ya yi iya ƙoƙarinsa don kare haƙƙin mallaka. A cikin 1769 ya gabatar da daftarin ƙuduri wanda ke ba da ikon kafa haraji kawai ga majalisun dokoki na ƙauyukan mulkin mallaka.
Azzalumar Burtaniya kan mulkin mallaka ba ta ba da izinin sasantawa ko sulhu ba. Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin masu mulkin mallaka da sojojin Burtaniya. Dangane da wannan, da gangan Washington ta fara sanya yunifom, saboda sanin makawa ga hutu cikin huldodin.
Yaƙin neman 'yanci
A cikin 1775, an ba George amanar rundunar Sojan Nahiyar, wanda ya ƙunshi mayaƙan Amurkawa. Ya gudanar a cikin mafi kankanin lokaci don sanya masu kula da horo da shirya don sojojin yaƙi.
A farkon, Washington ta jagoranci kewaye Boston. A cikin 1776, mayaƙan sun kare New York kamar yadda suke iyawa, amma dole ne su miƙa wuya ga harin Burtaniya.
Bayan 'yan watanni, kwamandan da sojojinsa sun dauki fansa a yakin Trenton da Princeton. A lokacin bazara na 1777, kawancen Boston duk da haka ya ƙare da nasarar Amurka.
Wannan nasarar ta ƙara ƙarfin halin Sojojin Nahiyar, da kuma yarda da kai. Wannan ya biyo bayan nasarar da aka samu a Saratoga, mamayar jihohin tsakiyar, mika wuya na Burtaniya a Yorktown, da kuma karshen rikicin soja a Amurka.
Bayan manyan yaƙe-yaƙe, 'yan tawayen sun fara shakkar cewa Majalisar za ta biya su albashi don shiga yaƙin. A sakamakon haka, sun yanke shawarar sanya shugaban ƙasa George Washington, wanda ke jin daɗin babban iko tare da su.
Juyin Juya Halin Amurka a hukumance ya ƙare a 1783 tare da ƙarshen yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Paris. Kai tsaye bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, babban kwamandan ya yi murabus tare da aika wasiku ga shugabannin jihar, inda ya ba da shawarar cewa su karfafa gwamnatin tsakiya don hana rugujewar jihar.
Shugaban Amurka na farko
A karshen rikicin, George Washington ya koma gidansa, yayin da bai manta da sanya ido kan yanayin siyasar kasar ba. Ba da daɗewa ba aka zaɓi shi shugaban Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na Philadelphia, wanda ya tsara sabon Tsarin Mulkin Amurka a cikin 1787.
A zabukan da suka biyo baya, Washington ta sami goyon bayan masu jefa kuri'a, wadanda suka kada masa kuri'a baki daya. Bayan ya zama shugaban kasar Amurka, ya karfafawa 'yan kasar sa gwiwa da su mutunta Kundin Tsarin Mulki kuma su yi aiki da dokokin da aka tsara a ciki.
A hedikwatarsa, George ya dauki jami'ai masu ilimi wadanda suka nemi yin aiki don amfanin kasar. Yin aiki tare da Majalisa, bai sa baki a cikin rikice-rikicen siyasa na cikin gida ba.
A lokacin wa'adinsa na biyu a matsayin shugaban kasa, Washington ta gabatar da shirin don bunkasa masana'antu da tattalin arzikin Amurka. Ya ceci Amurka daga shiga cikin rikice-rikicen Turai, kuma ya hana samar da iska mai iska.
Yana da kyau a sani cewa galibin mutane na sukan manufofin George Washington, amma duk wani yunƙurin bijirewa nan da nan gwamnatin mai ci ta murƙushe shi. Bayan an kammala wa'adin mulki 2, an ba shi damar shiga zabuka a karo na uku.
Sai dai dan siyasar ya ki amincewa da irin wannan shawarar, saboda ya sabawa Kundin Tsarin Mulki. A lokacin mulkin jihar, George a hukumance ya yi watsi da bautar a cikin kasar, amma, kamar yadda yake a da, ya sarrafa gonar sa ya kuma nemi bayin da ke tsere daga lokaci-lokaci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce a cikin jimlar akwai kimanin bayi 400 a ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin Washington.
Rayuwar mutum
Lokacin da George yake kimanin shekara 27, ya auri wata bazawara mai suna, Martha Custis. Yarinyar ta mallaki katafaren gida, bayi 300 da kadada dubu 17,000.
Mijin ya gabatar da irin wannan sadakin cikin hikima, yana mai da shi ya zama daya daga cikin wadatattun wurare a cikin Virginia.
A cikin dangin Washington, yara ba su taɓa bayyana ba. Ma'auratan sun goyi bayan 'ya'yan Martha, waɗanda suka haifa a cikin auren da ya gabata.
Mutuwa
George Washington ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1799 yana da shekara 67. 'Yan kwanaki kafin mutuwarsa, an yi ruwan sama kamar da bakin ƙwarya. Lokacin da ya isa gida, mutumin nan da nan ya shirya cin abincin rana, yana yanke shawarar kada ya canza zuwa busassun tufafi. Washegari, ya fara tari mai ƙarfi, sannan ya kasa magana.
Tsohon shugaban ya kamu da zazzabi wanda ya haifar da cutar nimoniya da makoshi. Likitoci sun koma zubar da jini da amfani da sinadarin mercury chloride, wanda hakan ya kara dagula lamarin.
Da ya fahimci cewa yana mutuwa, sai Washington ta ba da umarnin a binne shi kwanaki 3 kawai bayan mutuwarsa, saboda yana tsoron a binne shi da rai. Ya kasance yana da nutsuwa har zuwa numfashin sa na karshe. Bayan haka, babban birnin Amurka za a sanya masa suna, kuma hotonsa zai bayyana a kan dala 1.
George Washington ne ya ɗauki hoto
A ƙasa kuna iya ganin hotuna masu ban sha'awa na hotunan George Washington. Anan akwai lokuta mafi ban sha'awa daga rayuwar shugaban Amurka na farko, wanda wasu masu zane-zane suka kama.
