Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov (1815 - 1869) ya haskaka a fadin sararin adabin Rasha a matsayin mai haskaka meteor daga tatsuniyar "Littleananan Dokin Littlean Ruwa". Bayan rubuta shi tun yana ƙarami, nan da nan marubucin ya sami karbuwa a cikin da'irar marubutan St. Koyaya, ƙarin yanayin rayuwa bai bawa Ershov damar ƙara fahimtar ƙwarewar sa ba. Ershov ya tilasta barin St.Petersburg, dole ne ya yi makokin rashin dangi da yara da yawa. Abin mamaki ne cewa a cikin irin wannan yanayi Pyotr Pavlovich bai rasa mahimmancin kuzarinsa ba kuma ya sami damar bayar da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban ilimin makaranta a Tobolsk da lardin. Littlearfin umpanƙan Humpbacked koyaushe zai zama fitacciyar ƙwarewar adabin yara na Rasha.
1. An haifi Pyotr Ershov a ƙauyen Bezrukovo, lardin Tobolsk, a cikin dangin shugaban 'yan sanda. Ya kasance babban mukami a cikin 'yan sanda - shugaban' yan sanda ya jagoranci hukumomin karfafa doka kuma ya kasance memban kotun a wasu kananan hukumomi da suka hade a gundumar 'yan sanda. A cikin Siberia, zai iya zama dubun dubatar murabba'in kilomita na ƙasa. Rashin fa'idar sana'a shine yawo akai-akai. Koyaya, Pavel Ershov yayi aiki mai kyau, kuma yayin da yayansa suka kammala karatun sakandare, ya sami nasarar canzawa zuwa St. Petersburg. Mahaifiyar marubucin nan gaba Efimia ta fito ne daga dangin fatake.
2. Ershov ya fara samun ilimi na yau da kullun lokacin da danginsa suke zaune a babban ƙauyen Berezovo. A can, Peter ya halarci makarantar gunduma tsawon shekaru biyu.
3. A cikin dakin motsa jiki, Peter da babban wansa Nikolai sun yi karatu a Tobolsk. Wannan dakin motsa jiki shine kadai a duk cikin Siberia. A cikin karni na 19, wannan birni ya riga ya fara rasa mahimmanci, amma har yanzu ya kasance mafi girma birni a Siberia. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa bayan rayuwar karkara, samarin sun birge da babban birni.
4. A cikin Tobolsk, Ershov abokai ne tare da mawaƙin nan gaba Alexander Alyabyev. Har ma ya nuna babban fata a cikin kiɗa, kuma ko ta yaya ya shirya don tabbatar da cewa Ershov bai fahimci komai a ciki ba. Sau da yawa suna halartar atisayen mawaƙa na cikin gida, kuma Ershov ya lura cewa ɗayan masu saɗan violin, jin ƙarya, yana ba da dariya. Dangane da wannan ilimin, Bitrus ya ba da fare - zai ji bayanin ƙarya na farko. Ga mamakin Alyabyev, Ershov cikin nasara ya ci fare.
Alexander Alyabyev
5. Ershov ya kammala karatu a jami'ar St. Petersburg yana da shekara 20. Gaskiya ne, ya bi da karatunsa, don sanya shi a hankali, ba tare da kulawa mai kyau ba. Ta hanyar shigar da kansa, marubucin, har ma bayan kammala karatunsa na jami'a, bai san ko yare ɗaya ba, wanda ya kasance abin ban mamaki ga mai ilimi na waɗannan shekarun.
6. Hanyar marubuci ya zama sananne ya ma fi saurin sa cikin karatu. Tuni a cikin 1833 (yana da shekara 18) ya fara rubuta Littleanƙanin Humpbacked Doki, kuma shekara guda bayan haka sai aka buga tatsuniyar, wacce ta sami kyakkyawar tarba daga marubuta da masu sukarta, a cikin wani daban.
7. A kan guguwar nasarar, Ershov ya yi asara biyu masu nauyi a lokaci ɗaya - tare da tazarar watanni da yawa, ɗan'uwansa da mahaifinsa sun mutu.
8. Littlearfin umpanƙan Humpbacked ya bi ta bugu 7 a lokacin rayuwar marubucin. Yanzu na huɗu ana ɗaukarsa babba, wanda Ershov ya sami aiki mai tsanani.
9. Nasarar labarin tatsuniya ta Ershov ya zama mafi mahimmanci a kan asalin cewa bai kasance farkon salo ba game da tatsuniyar almara a baiti. Akasin haka, a farkon karni na 19 ne A.S Pushkin, V.I.Dal, A.V. Koltsov da sauran marubuta suka rubuta tatsuniyoyi. Pushkin, bayan ya saurari sashin farko na tatsuniyar "Littlearfin umpan Humpbacked", cikin raha ya ce yanzu ba shi da abin yi a wannan nau'in.
10. Pyotr Pletnev, malamin jami'a ne ya gabatar da Ershov ga Pushkin. Pletnev ne Pushkin ya sadaukar da "Eugene Onegin". Farfesan ya shirya wasan farko na Little Little Humpbacked a cikin yanayi mai ban sha'awa. Kawai ya fara karanta shi ne maimakon lakcarsa ta gaba. Lokacin da daliban suka fara mamakin wanene marubucin? Pletnev ya nuna Ershov zaune a cikin ɗakin taron.
Peter Pletnev
11. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, an bar Peter ba tare da kulawa ba kuma ba zai iya samun matsayin gwamnati a St. Petersburg ba, kamar yadda ya zata. Marubucin ya yanke shawarar komawa mahaifarsa ta Siberia a matsayin malami a dakin motsa jiki.
12. Ershov yana da tsare-tsare masu nisa don binciken Siberia. Aboki ne kuma ya yi rubutu tare da shahararrun 'yan Siberian da yawa, amma bai iya cika burinsa ba.
13. Ba'a iya kiran aikin marubuci a fagen ilimin jama'a da sauri. Ee, kuma an nada shi malamin Latin, wanda Ershov ya ƙi tun zamanin wasan motsa jiki. Ya hau kan mukamin mai kula da dakin motsa jiki bayan ya kwashe shekaru 8 yana aiki a matsayin malami, kuma ya zama darakta bayan shekaru 13. Amma bayan da ya zama darakta, Pyotr Pavlovich ya ƙaddamar da wani aiki mai ƙarfi. Ya yi tafiya a duk lardin Tobolsk kuma ya kafa sabbin makarantu da yawa, ciki har da 6 na mata. Daga ƙarƙashin alƙalaminsa ya fito da ayyukan koyarwa biyu na asali.
14. A duba na gaba a 1857, Ershov an saka shi cikin jerin mutanen da suka cancanci amincewa da gwamnati. A lokaci guda, a cikin lafazin hukuma, an kira shi "mai hankali, mai kirki da gaskiya".
15. Ershov ya kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Tobolsk kuma ya rubuta masa wasannin kwaikwayo da yawa.
16. Tobolsk a lokacin Ershov sanannen wuri ne na hijira. Marubucin abokai ne kuma yana sadarwa tare da Masu ba da labarin, gami da A. Baryatinsky, I. A. Annenkov da Fonvizins. Ya kuma saba da Turawan da aka kora don shiga cikin rikicin 1830.
17. Rayuwar marubuci ta kasance mai wahala. Ya rasa mahaifinsa yana da shekaru 19, mahaifiyarsa tana da shekaru 23. Ershov ya yi aure sau biyu. Farkon lokacin akan wata bazawara wacce tuni ta sami yara hudu. Matar ta yi aure ne kawai na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma Pyotr Pavlovich ya kasance shi kaɗai tare da yara. Kasa da shekaru biyu daga baya, Ershov ya sake yin aure, amma tare da matarsa ta biyu ya ƙaddara ya rayu shekaru shida kawai. Daga cikin yara 15 daga aure biyu, 4 sun rayu, kuma a 1856 Ershov dole ne ya binne dansa da diyarsa a cikin mako guda.
18. Rayuwar Ershov tana da alaƙa da kusanci da dangin babban masanin kimiyya Dmitry Mendeleev. Mahaifin kimiyyar sunadaran shine mai ba da jagoranci na Ershov a dakin motsa jiki. Sannan mukamai sun canza - Ershov ya koyar da saurayi Dmitry a dakin motsa jiki, wanda, bayan ya kammala karatunsa, ya auri 'yar marubucin marubucin.
19. A cikin Tobolsk, Ershov ya ci gaba da tsunduma cikin kirkirar wallafe-wallafe, amma ya kasa ƙirƙirar komai, ko da kuwa game da matakin Horsananan Horsan Dogon Humpbacked. Ya buga abubuwa da yawa a ƙarƙashin ƙamus ɗin ƙaryar da ba ta dace ba kamar "Mazaunin Tobolsk".
19. Asalin ƙauyen Petr Ershov an sake masa suna don girmama shi. An kuma sanya wa makarantar koyarwa a Ishim da titi a Tobolsk sunan marubuci. Cibiyar Al'adu mai suna bayan marubuci yana aiki. P. Ershov yana da wuraren tarihi guda biyu da fasa. An binne Ershov a makabartar Zavalinsky a Tobolsk.
Kabarin P. Ershov
