Caucasus yana kan mahadar Turai da Asiya tsakanin Caspian da Black Teas. Haɗuwa da yanayin yanayin ƙasa, yanayin yanayi, na zahiri da na ƙabila ya sa wannan yanki ya zama na daban. Caucasus duniya ce gabaɗaya, ta bambanta kuma babu irinta.
Ana iya samun yankuna da suke da wadataccen tarihi, kyawawan wurare, ko yanayi mai kyau a Duniya. Amma kawai a cikin Caucasus, yanayi da mutane suna ƙirƙirar cakuda ta musamman wacce ke bawa kowane baƙo damar samun gwaninta.
Idan muka yi magana game da yawan mutanen Caucasus, to babu yadda za a yi amfani da kalmar "Caucasian" azaman halayyar ƙabila. Yawancin mutane suna rayuwa a cikin Caucasus, wasu daga cikinsu sun bambanta da wasu kamar sama da ƙasa. Akwai mutanen Musulmi da na Kirista. Akwai mutanen da ke zaune a kan tsaunuka kuma suna yin sana'ar gargajiya da kiwo, kuma akwai mutanen da ke rayuwa a cikin megacities na zamani. Ko mazaunan kwari biyu makwabta na iya fahimtar harshen maƙwabtansu kuma suna alfahari da cewa suna wakiltar ƙaramar mutane amma masu tsaunuka.
Bayan rugujewar USSR da rikice-rikicen da suka biyo baya, Caucasus, da rashin alheri, yana da alaƙa da yaƙi da ta'addanci da yawa. Dalilin rikice-rikicen ba su tafi ko'ina ba. Babu ƙasa da ta girma, ko ma'adanai, da bambancin ƙabilu ba su ɓace ba. Koyaya, a ƙarshen shekaru goma na biyu na karni na 21, fitattun mutane sun sami nasarar daidaita yanayin a Arewacin Caucasus da kuma cikin sabbin jihohin Transcaucasian masu zaman kansu.
Tattaunawa game da Caucasus, saboda bambancin ban mamaki, na iya zama mara tsawo. Kowace ƙasa, kowane yanki, kowane yanki na tsauni daban-daban ne kuma ba shi da kima. Kuma abubuwa da yawa masu ban sha'awa za'a iya fadawa game da komai.
1. Akwai kasashe da yawa da kuma jamhuriyoyi masu ikon cin gashin kansu a cikin Caucasus a cikin Rasha cewa dukkansu sun zama kanana. Wani lokaci wannan gaskiya ne - lokacin tafiya daga Grozny zuwa Pyatigorsk, kuna ƙetare iyakokin gudanarwa huɗu. A gefe guda kuma, tafiya daga kudu daga Dagestan zuwa arewacin jamhuriya dangane da tazara kwatankwacin tafiya daga Moscow zuwa St. Petersburg. Komai yana da dangantaka - Dagestan ya wuce Holland da Switzerland a yankin, har ma da Jamhuriyar Chechen, wacce da gaske ƙarama ce ta ƙa'idodin Rasha, ta ninka ta Luxembourg sau bakwai. Amma gabaɗaya, ba shakka, idan kuka jera yankuna na Rasha ta yanki, to jamhuriyoyin Caucasian zasu kasance a ƙarshen jerin. Karami ya fi Ingushetia, North Ossetia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria da Chechnya, kawai yankuna - biranen Sevastopol, St. Stavropol Territory da Dagestan suna kallon ƙattai game da asalin su - wurare na 45 da 52 a jere a cikin jerin na tarayya.
2. Georgians, Armenia da Udins (mutanen da ke zaune a yankin Dagestan) sun karɓi Kiristanci a matsayin addinin ƙasa a ƙarni na IV. Manyan Armenia a cikin 301 sun zama ƙasar farko ta Krista a duniya, shekaru 12 gabanin daular Rome. Ossetia ta yi baftisma shekaru 70 kafin Kievan Rus. A halin yanzu, Kiristoci sun fi rinjaye a tsakanin yawan mutanen Caucasus baki ɗaya. A Arewacin Caucasus Tarayyar Tarayyar Rasha, akwai 57% daga cikinsu, kuma Georgia da Armenia galibi ƙasashe ne na Krista tare da ƙananan keɓaɓɓu da wakilan wasu addinai.
3. A Tarayyar Soviet, kalmar hada "shayin Georgia" da "tanjamin na Georgia" abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari al'umma ta kafa hujja da cewa wadannan sune samfuran Jojiya na har abada. A zahiri, har zuwa shekarun 1930s, duka shayi da 'ya'yan itacen citrus an girma a cikin Georgia kan ƙananan sikelin. An fara dasa shuken daji na shayi da bishiyoyin citta bisa shirin Sakatare na Farko na kwamitin tsakiya na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis (Bolsheviks) na Georgia Lavrenty Beria. Kuma aikin ya kasance mai fa'ida - yankin da ke can cikin karkara a lokacin yana Georgia ya kasance kunkuntar tsiri a bakin teku, ya zama cikin daushin zazzabin malaria. Daruruwan dubban kadada sun malale. Wani abu makamancin haka, kawai tare da share duwatsu, aka yi a kan dutsen, inda suka dasa shayi. Samfura na ban mamaki ga sauran USSR sun samarwa mazaunan Georgia kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa. Bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet da asarar kasuwar Rasha, shayi da noman cit a Georgia ya ragu sosai.
4. Arewacin Caucasus shine asalin garin kefir. Duk da cewa Ossetians, Balkars da Karachais (hakika, suna ƙalubalantar fifikonsu) sun kasance suna shan kefir tsawon ƙarnika, a ɓangaren Turai na Rasha sun sami labarin hakan ne kawai a rabin rabin karni na 19. Nazarin ya nuna cewa an yi kefir ne ta hanyar bazata ko kuma da gangan aka kara kumis enzyme a madarar shanu. Kumis enzyme ya zama kefir, kuma yanzu ana samar da kefir a cikin ɗaruruwan dubban lita.
5. A Arewacin Ossetia, mai nisan kilomita 40 kudu maso yamma da Vladikavkaz, akwai wani ƙauye na musamman da ake kira Dargav, wanda mazaunan wurin da kansu suke kira da Garin Matattu. Tun shekaru aru aru, ba a binne matattu a nan ba, amma an saka su a cikin hasumiyar dutse har zuwa hawa hudu. Godiya ga iskar dutsen da ƙarancin yanayin zafi, an yi mamakin gawawwakin cikin sauri kuma suna nan lafiya. A lokacin annobar annoba a cikin karni na XIV, lokacin da yawancin mazaunan aul suka mutu, dukkan iyalai da alamun farko na cutar nan da nan aka aika su zuwa hasumiya masu kyan gani. Sauran abubuwan tarihin sun wanzu a cikin Dargav, musamman, hasumiyar da kakannin tsofaffi da mutunta dangin Ossetia suka rayu a ciki. Koyaya, samun damar shiga wadannan wuraren tarihi na da wuya - bayan da dusar kankara ta ɓace a 2002, mutum na iya zuwa Dargav da ƙafa kawai ta hanyar haɗari.
6. Dutse mafi tsayi a cikin Caucasus kuma, a lokaci guda, tsauni mafi tsayi a Turai, shine Elbrus (tsawan mita 5,642). An yi imanin cewa hawan farko na Elbrus a cikin 1828 an yi shi ne ta hanyar jagorar balaguron Rasha, Kilar Khashirov, wanda aka ba shi ladan nasarar da ya samu da rubi 100 da yanke zane. Koyaya, Khashirov ya ziyarci taron kolin Gabas na dutsen mai kai biyu, wanda yake ƙasa da na yamma. Balaguron da shugabar kulab ɗin London Alpine Club Florence Grove ta shirya ita ce ta farko da ta kai ga matsayi mafi girma a Turai. Wannan ya faru a cikin 1874. A shekara mai zuwa, kyawawan abubuwan Caucasus sun burge Grove, ya buga littafi game da balaguronsa.
7. Al'adar rikicin jini har yanzu yana cikin Caucasus. Wataƙila daidai ne saboda wannan abin da ya faru na dabbanci cewa yawan kashe-kashen da aka yi niyya dangane da yawan jama'a daga Yankin Tarayyar Arewacin Caucasian da tabbaci ya kasance na ƙarshe a cikin Rasha. Koyaya, jami'an tilasta bin doka sun yarda cewa har yanzu ana samun rikice-rikicen jini. Dangane da ƙididdigar su, kisan gillar da aka yi wa layin jini ya zama ɗan juzu'i na yawan adadin kisan. Masanan ilimin ɗabi'a sun lura cewa al'adun rikice-rikice na jini sun yi laushi sosai. Yanzu, idan ya zo ga mutuwa ta hanyar sakaci, misali, a cikin haɗari, dattawa na iya sasanta ɓangarorin ta hanyar sanya hanyar tuba da tarar kuɗi mai yawa.
8. "Sace amarya tsohuwar al'ada ce kuma kyakkyawa!" - in ji jarumin fim din "Fursunonin Caucasus". Wannan al'ada ta kasance mai dacewa a yau. Tabbas, bai taɓa nufin (kuma, ƙari ma, ba ya nufin yanzu) ɗaure yarinya da tilasta yin aure da aure mai tashin hankali. A zamanin da, ango ya nuna wauta da azancinsa, yana kame-kame kwacewa masoyinsa daga gidan mahaifinsa (kuma akwai 'yan'uwa-mahaya dawakai biyar suna kallo). Ga iyayen amarya, satar mutane na iya zama hanya mafi dacewa daga halin da ake ciki idan ango ba zai iya biyan kudin fansar ba. Wani zaɓi shine a aurar da ƙaramar yarinya kafin babba, wanda, kamar yadda suke faɗa a Rasha, ya zauna cikin 'yan mata. Hakanan satar ta iya faruwa ne bisa nufin yarinyar, wanda iyayenta ba su yarda ta auri masoyinta ba. Kusan kusan dalilai guda ɗaya ana haifar da sace amarya a yanzu. Tabbas, wuce gona da iri yana da kuma faruwa. Amma ga waɗanda suke so su hana mutum yanci, ko da ƙaunatacce, akwai labarin na musamman na lambar aikata laifi. Kuma idan akwai cutarwa ga wanda aka sace, hukuncin laifi ga mai laifi zai iya zama jinkiri ne kawai na ɗaukar fansa.
9. Sanannen karimcin Caucasian na iya, a hankalce, a bayyana ta cewa a cikin tsohuwar motsi cikin tsaunuka yana da matukar wahala. Kowane bako, duk inda ya fito da kuma ko wanene shi, ya kasance tushen tushen bayanai game da duniyar waje. Don haka al'ada ta tashi don karɓar kowane baƙo tare da iyakar karimci. Amma a Rasha, alal misali, can baya a ƙarni na 17 akwai al'adar gaishe baƙo. Maigidan ya sadu da baƙon a ƙofar gidan, kuma uwar gidan ta ba shi ƙoƙon abin sha. Al'adar da ba ta buƙatar shiri ko kuɗi. Amma ya zama kamar yana ƙafe ne, saura kawai a cikin littattafai. Kuma mutanen Caucasian sun riƙe al'adar baƙuwar su, duk da zamanantar da al'umma.
10. Kamar yadda kuka sani, a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu 1945 akan ginin Reichstag a Berlin, sojojin Soviet sun dasa ja da tutoci dozin da yawa. A cikin shahararrun shari'o'in shigar da tutocin Nasara, asalin 'yan asalin Caucasus suna da hannu kai tsaye. A ranar 1 ga Mayu, Mikhail Berest da Meliton Kantaria ɗan Georgia sun kafa tutar hari na lamba 150 na Kutuzov II na ɓangaren Idritsa a kan Reichstag. Kuma ɗayan manyan haruffa na hoton canonical da aka shirya "Red Banner over the Reichstag", wanda aka ɗauka a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1945, ɗan asalin Dagestan Abdulkhalim Ismailov ne. A hoton Evgeny Khaldei, Alexei Kovalyov na daga tutar, kuma Ismailov na goyon bayan sa. Kafin buga hoton, Khaldey ya sake sanya agogo na biyu a hannun Ismailov.
11. Bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet, yawan mutanen Rasha ya ragu sosai ba kawai a cikin sabbin jihohin Georgia, Azerbaijan da Armenia ba, har ma da jamhuriyoyi masu ikon cin gashin kansu. Ko da kuwa mun cire daga cikin kwalliyar Chechnya, wacce ta wuce shekaru goma da rabi na rashin tsari da yaƙe-yaƙe biyu. A Dagestan, daga cikin Russia 165,000, sama da 100,000 ne suka rage, tare da ci gaban yawan jama'a gabaɗaya. A cikin ƙananan Ingushetia, akwai kusan rabin adadin Russia. Rabin yawan jama'ar Rasha ya ragu bisa tushen yawan mutanen da suka karu a Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia da North Ossetia (a nan zuwa mafi ƙanƙanci). A cikin jihohin Transcaucasian, yawan mutanen Rasha sun ragu sau da yawa: sau hudu a Armenia, sau uku a Azerbaijan da 13 (!) Times a Georgia.
12. Kodayake gundumar Tarayyar Caucasian ta Arewa ita ce ta 7 kacal a cikin gundumomin tarayyar 9 na Rasha dangane da yawan jama'a, amma ta yi fice sosai saboda yawanta. A cewar wannan mai nuna alama, gundumar Caucasian ta Arewa ba ta da ƙasa kaɗan da ta Tsakiya, wanda ya haɗa da babbar Moscow. A cikin Yankin Gundumar, yawan mutane 60 ne a kowace kilomita2, kuma a cikin Arewacin Caucasus - mutane 54 a kowace kilomita2... Hoton yayi kama a cikin yankuna. Ingushetia, Chechnya da Arewacin Ossetia - Alania suna daga 5 zuwa 7 a cikin jerin yankuna, a bayan Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol da yankin Moscow. Kabardino-Balkaria na a matsayi na 10, Dagestan kuma na 13.
13. Armenia da ƙyar ƙasar mahaifar apricot ce, amma fruitsa fruitsan itace masu zaƙi sun zo Turai daga wannan ƙasar Transcaucasian. Dangane da rarrabuwa na duniya, ana kiran apricot Prunus armeniaca Lin. A cikin Caucasus, ana kula da wannan 'ya'yan itacen da raini - itacen ba shi da daɗi, yana girma a ko'ina, kuma koyaushe yana ba da fruita fruita sosai. Abubuwan da aka sarrafa suna da ƙima ko ƙasa da daraja: busasshen apricots, apricots, alani, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kuma marzipans.
14. Ossetia sun kasance mutanen da suka fi ƙarfin Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin Yaƙin Patasa da Greatasa. An ba wakilan 33 na wannan mutanen Caucasian taken Jarumi na Tarayyar Soviet. Adadin ya yi kama da kaɗan, amma la'akari da ƙananan mutane, yana nufin cewa a cikin kowane mutum 11,000 na Ossetia, gami da tsofaffi, mata da yara, Jarumi ɗaya na Tarayyar Soviet ya fito. Kabardians na da gwarzo daya ga kowane mutum 23,500, yayin da Armeniyawa da Georgians ke da adadi iri ɗaya. Azerbaijan suna da shi ninki biyu.
15. A cikin Abkhazia da wasu yankuna na Transcaucasia, mutane da yawa suna tsammanin Laraba tare da shan iska. A ranar Laraba ne ake aiko da gayyata zuwa bukukuwa daban-daban. Wanda aka karɓi gayyatar yana da cikakken zaɓi don zaɓar ko za a je bikin ko a'a. Amma a kowane hali, ya zama tilas ya aika kuɗi "don kyauta". An saita ƙimar daidai da lokacin yanzu. Misali, don bikin aure kuna buƙatar ba 5,000 rubles tare da matsakaicin albashi na 10-15,000.
16. airƙira iyali tsakanin ƙananan mutanen Caucasian ba koyaushe yake kama da doguwa ba, amma nema mai wuyar fahimta. Ya zama dole a lokaci guda don a guji auren da ke da alaƙa, wanda ke cike da larurar jinsi, kuma kada a shigar da baƙi cikin jinsi. An warware matsalar ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A Abkhazia, bayan haɗuwa, matasa suna musayar jerin sunayen tsoffin mata 5. Akalla sunan mahaifi daya yayi daidai - alaƙar ta ƙare kafin ta fara. A Ingushetia, dangi daga bangarorin biyu suna da hannu dumu-dumu a shirye-shiryen aure. Anyi aiki da asalin zuriyar abokin zama na gaba, ana iya gwada ikon amarya ta jiki dan ta haihu kuma ta haihu kuma a lokaci guda don gudanar da gida ana tantance su.
17. A wajen Armenia, Armeniyawa suna rayuwa daidai da adadin yahudawa a wajen Isra'ila - kusan mutane miliyan 8. A lokaci guda, yawan jama'ar Armeniya kanta mutane miliyan 3 ne. Halin halayyar Armeniya ya samo asali ne daga girman thean ƙasashen waje. Duk wani daga cikinsu a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan zai iya tabbatar da cewa wannan ko wancan mutumin yana da aƙalla asalin Armeniya mai nisa. Idan mutumin Rasha ne, jin magana kamar "Rasha ita ce mahaifar giwaye!" idan yayi murmushi mai fahimta, to irin wannan bayanin game da Armeniya zai tabbata da sauri (bisa ga Armeniyan) tare da taimakon ƙananan bincike na hankali.
18. Girman sanannen zamanin mutanen Caucasian yana da nasa matakan. A Georgia, alal misali, suna alfahari da cewa Argonauts sun tashi zuwa gashinsu zuwa Colchis, wanda ke yankin Georgia na zamani. Har ila yau, 'yan Georgia suna so su nanata cewa an ambaci mutanensu, ko ta yaya, a cikin Baibul kansa. A lokaci guda, archaeologically an tabbatar da cewa mutane sun rayu a yankin Dagestan shekaru miliyan 2 da suka shude. A wasu daga cikin sansanonin Dagestan na mutanen da suka yi karatu, ana ajiye wuta a wuri ɗaya tsawon ƙarnika har sai mutane sun koyi yadda ake samun sa da kan su.
19. Azerbaijan kasa ce ta daban ta fuskar yanayi. Idan baƙi masu sharaɗi zasu binciko yanayin yanayin duniya, da zasu iya yin Azerbaijan. Akwai yankuna 9 daga cikin 11 na canjin yanayi a kasar. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na watan Juli ya fara ne daga + 28 ° C zuwa -1 ° C, kuma matsakaicin zazzabin Janairu yana zuwa daga + 5 ° C zuwa -22 ° C. Amma matsakaiciyar yanayin iska na shekara-shekara a cikin wannan ƙasar ta Transcaucasian daidai yake maimaita matsakaicin zafin duniya kuma shine + 14.2 ° C.
20. Tabbataccen cognac na Armeniya shine ɗayan mafi kyawun giyar giya da aka samar a duniya. Koyaya, labaru da yawa game da yadda mashahuran mutane suka ƙaunaci kayan Armeniya galibi almara ce. Labari mafi yaduwa shine cewa ranar Firayim Ministan Birtaniyya Winston Churchill da aka maimaita bai cika ba ba tare da kwalban ɗan shekaru 10 mai suna "Dvin" ba. An cire Cognac, bisa umarnin Stalin na kansa, ta jirgin sama na musamman daga Armenia. Haka kuma, shekara guda kafin rasuwarsa, Churchill mai shekaru 89 ana zargin sunan Armeniya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka sa ya daɗe. Kuma lokacin da aka danne Markar Sedrakyan, wanda ke kula da samar da kayan kwalliyar Armenia, nan take Churchill ya ji wani canjin dandano. Bayan korafin da ya yi wa Stalin, an saki maƙasudin cognac, kuma kyakkyawan ɗanɗano ya koma “Dvin”. A zahiri, Sadrakyan "an danne shi" ga Odessa har tsawon shekara ɗaya don kafa keɓaɓɓen cognac.Da gaske Stalin ya bi da abokansa a cikin ƙawancen Anti-Hitler tare da cocin cocin Armenia, amma bai ba da su ga mutuwa ba. Kuma abin shan da Churchill ya fi so, dangane da abubuwan da ya rubuta, shine alamar Hine.
