Fasahohin samarwa da haifuwa na fina-finai masu rai basu kai shekara 150 ba, amma a wannan ɗan gajeren lokacin ta hanyar mizanin tarihi, sun yi rawar gani a ci gaba. Nunin hotuna da yawa masu dimbin yawa ga dozin zaɓaɓɓun mutane ya ba da damar zuwa manyan dakunan taruwa tare da babban allon da kyawawan kayan ado. Yan wasan katun galibi suna da kyau fiye da takwarorinsu na rayuwa. Wani lokaci ana ganin kamar har yanzu rayarwa ba ta maye gurbin silima ba kawai saboda tausayin masana'antar fim ko kuma ta hanyar wata yarjejeniya da ba a faɗi - ba don jefa dubban abokan aiki a kan titi kawai saboda ana iya zana su da inganci.
Animation ya girma cikin masana'antu mai ƙarfi tare da biliyoyin daloli a tallace-tallace. Ba abin mamaki ba ne yanzu cewa kudaden shiga na cikakken zane mai ban dariya ya zarce kudaden shigar finafinai fasali da yawa. Kuma a lokaci guda, ga mutane da yawa, kallon fim mai rai wata dama ce ta ɗan gajeren lokaci don komawa zuwa yarinta, lokacin da bishiyoyi suka yi girma, launuka suna haske, dukkan sharrin duniya ya sami wakilci ta hanyar tatsuniya ɗaya, kuma waɗanda suka kirkiro majigin yara sun zama kamar sihiri ne na gaske.
1. Idan bakayi zurfin zurfin zurfin batun ba zaka iya la'akari da finafinai masu rai kanin fim din "babba", "mai mahimmanci". A zahiri, duk waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi masu ban dariya da ƙananan mutane ba za su iya zama magabatan manyan maza da mata ba, waɗanda wani lokacin suke rayuwa gaba ɗaya tsawon awanni ɗaya da rabi a kan allo. A zahiri, labarai game da tasirin tasirin fim ɗin brothersan uwan Lumière game da isowar jirgin ƙasa a kan masu kallo na farko suna da ƙari sosai. Fasahohi don nunin nau'ikan hotuna masu motsi, duk da cewa basuda kyau, sun wanzu tun daga 1820s. Kuma ba kawai sun wanzu ba, amma ana amfani da su ta kasuwanci. Musamman, an buga dukkanin saiti na fayafai shida, waɗanda aka haɗa su ta hanyar shiri ɗaya. Dangane da rashin wayewar doka a tsakanin al'umma, mutane masu kwazo sun sayi kayan bincike na zamani (wadanda ake kira na'urorin da suka kunshi fitila mai haske da kuma agogon da ke juya faifai tare da zane) kuma, ba tare da tunani game da matsalolin haƙƙin mallaka ba, shirya kallon jama'a da aka biya na sababbin kayayyaki tare da lalata sunaye kamar "Fantasy pantomime" ko "Wonderful faifai".
Har yanzu yana da nisa sosai daga sinima ...
2. Rashin tabbas da ainihin ranar da finafinai masu rai suka fito ya haifar da wasu sabani wajen sanya ranar hutun kwararru na masu wasan kwaikwayo. Tun daga 2002, ana bikin ranar 28 ga Oktoba. A wannan rana a shekarar 1892, Emile Reynaud ya nuna hotunansa masu kayatarwa a karon farko a bainar jama'a. Koyaya, mutane da yawa, gami da Rashanci, masu yin fim sun yi imanin cewa ranar bayyanar raina ya kamata a yi la'akari da ranar 30 ga Agusta, 1877, lokacin da Reino ya mallaki akwatin cookie ɗin sa, wanda aka liƙa shi da zane.
Emile Reynaud yayi kusan shekaru 30 yana aiki a na'urar sa
3. Shahararren marubucin tarihin Rasha Alexander Shiryaev ana daukar shi a matsayin wanda ya kirkiro majigin yara. Tabbas, ya tanadi ƙaramin kofi na gidan wasan rawa a cikin gidansa kuma ya sami damar yin samfuran wasan ƙwallo da yawa sosai. Daidaita harbin ya yi yawa (kuma wannan ya faru a farkon shekarun karni na ashirin) wanda daga baya daraktoci suka yi amfani da su don sake samar da wasanni. Shiryaev bai ƙirƙira dabararsa ba saboda rayuwa mai kyau. Gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na masarautar sun hana shi harba ballet kai tsaye, kuma fasahar cinematografi na waɗancan shekarun ya bar abin da ake so - Shiryaev ya yi amfani da kyamarar fim ɗin 17.5 mm "Biocam". Yin harbi da dolo a hade tare da zane-zanen hannu an taimaka masa cimma nasarar lamuran motsi.
Alexander Shiryaev ya sami nasarar cimma gaskiyar hoton tare da ƙananan hanyoyi
4. Kusan a cikin layi daya da Shiryaev, wani batun na Daular Rasha, Vladislav Starevich, ya haɓaka irin wannan fasahar rayarwa. Ko da a cikin dakin motsa jiki, Starevich ya tsunduma cikin kwari, kuma ya yi dabbobi bawai kawai ba, har ma da samfuran. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya zama mai kula da gidan kayan tarihin, kuma ya gabatar da sabon wurin aikinsa da faya-fayai guda biyu na hotuna masu kyau. Ingancinsu ya yi yawa har daraktan gidan kayan tarihin ya ba sabon ma'aikacin kyamarar fim, yana mai ba da shawarar cewa za su ɗauki sabon fim din. Starevich ya kori aiki tare da tunanin yin shirin fim game da kwari, amma nan da nan ya fuskanci matsalar da ba za a iya magance ta ba - tare da hasken wutar lantarki na harbi, kwarin sun fada cikin rudu. Starevich bai yi kasa a gwiwa ba ya fara cire dabbobin da ke cushe, yana mai motsa su cikin gwaninta. A shekarar 1912, ya fitar da fim din The Beautiful Lucinda, ko kuma Yakin Barbel tare da Stag. Fim din, wanda kwari suka kasance jarumai a cikin litattafan jarumi, ya bazu ko'ina a duniya. Babban dalilin sha'awar shine tambayar: ta yaya marubucin ya sami damar sa “raye-raye” masu rai su yi aiki a cikin firam?
Starevich da 'yan wasan sa
5. Mafi kyawun zane mai ban dariya a tarihin jinsi shine karbuwa daga tatsuniya ta H. H. Andersen "Sarauniyar Dusar Kankara". An saki katun mai suna Frozen a cikin 2013. Kasafin kudinta ya kai dala miliyan 150, kuma kudade sun haura dala biliyan 1.276. Karin zane-zane 6 da aka tara sama da dala biliyan, duk an sake su a cikin 2010 da daga baya. Koyaya, ƙimar ofishin katun na majigin yara sharaɗi ne na sharaɗi kuma hakan yana nuna hauhawar farashin tikitin cinema fiye da shaharar katun. Misali, wuri na 100 a cikin kimantawa an zana ta zanen "Bambi", tun daga 1942, ya tara fiye da dala miliyan 267. Tikiti zuwa sinima don nuna maraice a karshen mako sannan farashin 20. Yanzu halartar zama zai ɗauki tsada aƙalla sau 100 a Amurka.
6. Duk da cewa mutane da dama da suka yi mahimman abubuwan kirkira sun shiga cikin tarihin motsa jiki, Walt Disney ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin babban mai neman sauyi a duniyar wasan motsa jiki. Zai yiwu a lissafa abubuwan da ya ci gaba na wani lokaci mai tsawo, amma babbar nasarar da babban dan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka ya samu ita ce saita finafinai masu rai bisa tsarin masana'antu. Ya kasance tare da Disney cewa yin fim ɗin katun ya zama aikin babban rukuni, ya daina zama gwanin masu sha'awar yin komai da hannayensu. Godiya ga rarrabuwa tsakanin ma'aikata, ƙungiyar masu haɓaka suna da lokaci don haɓakawa da aiwatar da sabbin mafita. Da kuma babban tallafin ayyukan motsa jiki ya sanya majigin yara masu gasa da fina-finan fasali.
Walt Disney tare da babban halayensa
7. Walt Disney dangantakar sa da ma'aikatan sa bai taba zama cikakke ba. Sun bar shi, sau da yawa kusan a fili sun saci abubuwan ci gaba, da dai sauransu. Disney kansa shima ba baƙo bane ga rashin ladabi da girman kai. A gefe guda, duk ma'aikatan ba su kira shi komai ba sai "Walt". A lokaci guda, na karkashin sa sandunan cikin ƙafafun maigidan a damar farko. Wata rana ya ba da umarnin a kawata bangon dakin cin abinci na ofis tare da hotunan haruffan zane-zane. Opposedungiyar ta yi hamayya - ba kowa ba ne zai so hakan yayin da aiki ya kula da ku a ɗakin cin abinci. Har yanzu Disney ta ba da umarnin yin hakan ta hanyarsu, kuma sun karɓi kauracewa saboda amsa - sun yi magana da shi ne kawai idan akwai buƙatar hukuma. Dole ne a zana zane a kan, amma Disney ta ɗauki fansa. A cikin babban zauren Disney World a Florida, inda akwai adadi na shahararrun mutane, ya sanya kan Shugaba Lincoln, rabu da shi daga jikin, a tsakiyar teburin. Bugu da ƙari, wannan shugaban ya yi ihu ga ma'aikatan da ke shiga zauren, yana yi musu maraba. Abin farin ciki, komai ya zama 'yan suma.
8. Gidan Tarihi na Animation yana aiki a cikin Moscow tun 2006. Duk da matashin gidan kayan tarihin, ma'aikatanta sun sami nasarar tattara abubuwan nune-nunen da yawa, suna ba da labarin tarihin rayuwar duniya da kuma zane-zanen zamani. Musamman, Hall of the History of Animation ya ƙunshi magabatan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani: fitilun sihiri, praxinoscope, zootrope, da sauransu. Hakanan ya nuna Poor Pierrot, ɗayan ɗayan zane-zane na farko a duniya, wanda ɗan faransan nan Emile Reynaud ya harbe. Ma'aikatan gidan kayan gargajiya suna gudanar da nishaɗi iri-iri da balaguron ilimi. A cikin kwas ɗinsu, yara ba kawai za su iya sanin tsarin ƙirƙirar zane-zane ba, amma kuma su shiga cikin harbinsu.
9. Daraktan Rasha kuma mai rayarwa Yuri Norshtein ya sami kyaututtuka biyu na musamman. A cikin 1984, an yarda da katun dinsa "A Tale of Tatsuniyoyin" a matsayin mafi kyawun fim mai rai a kowane lokaci ta hanyar zaɓen Academyungiyar Makarantar Koyar da Hotuna ta Amurka (wannan ƙungiyar ta ba da shahararren "Oscar"). A 2003, irin wannan jefa kuri’ar na masu sukar fina-finai da daraktoci sun lashe katun din Norstein mai taken “Hedgehog in the Fog”. Wataƙila, babu wani abin da ya isa ga sake nasarar daraktan: daga 1981 har zuwa yanzu yana aiki akan fim mai rai bisa labarin Nikolai Gogol “The Overcoat”.
10. Kerkeci a cikin shahararren zane mai ban dariya na Eduard Nazarov "Sau ɗaya a wani lokaci akwai kare" tare da halaye iri ɗaya suke da Humpback - halayen Armen Dzhigarkhanyan daga sanannen fim din TV "Ba za a iya canza wurin taron ba". Kamanceceniyar ba haɗari ba ne kwata-kwata. Tuni kan aiwatar da dubing daraktan ya lura cewa muryar Dzhigarkhanyan bai dace da hoto mai taushi na Wolf ba. Sabili da haka, kusan duk wuraren da aka sake yin Wolf an sake yin su don ba shi wani irin dandano na ɗanɗano. Ba a rikodin waƙar shan 'yan Yukren, wanda ke sauti a cikin zane mai ban dariya - an miƙa shi ga darekta daga Museum of Ethnography a Kiev, wannan ingantaccen aikin waƙar jama'a ne. A cikin fim ɗin Amurka na katun, shahararren ɗan ƙasa Chris Kristofferson ya faɗi Wolf. A Norway, wanda ya ci Eurovision Alexander Rybak ya taka rawar Wolf, kuma abokin aikinsa a matsayin Dog ya kasance mai rera taken "A-Ha" Morten Harket. Tauraruwar "Disco Dancer" Mithun Chakraborty ce ta fitar da Karen "Indiyawan".
11. Editan kiɗa na jerin rai "To, jira!" Gennady Krylov ya nuna ilimin kide kide da wake-wake. Baya ga shahararrun waƙoƙin da shahararrun masu yin Soviet suka yi daga Vladimir Vysotsky zuwa Muslim Magomayev, abubuwan da ke faruwa na Wolf da Hare suna tare da abubuwan da ake yi yanzu waɗanda ba a san su ba. Misali, a cikin jeri daban-daban, wakoki da karin waƙoƙi ana yin su ne daga Hungary Tamás Deják, polka Halina Kunitskaya, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Sojojin Nationalasa ta Jamhuriyar GDR, Guido Masalski na Jamusanci, ƙungiyar Hazi Osterwald ko kuma ƙungiyar makada ta rediyon Hungary. Tun daga abin da ya faru na 8, Gennady Gladkov ya tsunduma cikin kide-kide don zane-zanen, amma sharar ta kasance ba ta canzawa ba: an cinye hits tare da waƙoƙin da ba a sani ba.
12. Babban dakin wasan motsa jiki na Soviet "Soyuzmultfilm" an kirkireshi a cikin 1936 karkashin tasirin bayyananniyar nasarorin manyan kamfanonin rayarwa na Amurka. Kusan nan da nan, ɗakin studio ɗin ya ƙware da tsarin zane-zanen bita, wanda ya ba da damar saurin haɓaka kayan. Koyaya, da sauri, mafi girman jagorancin ƙasar (kuma an buɗe sutudiyo bisa umarnin sirri na I.V. Stalin) sun fahimci cewa Soviet Union ba za ta iya ja da yawan Amurka ba, kuma ba a buƙatarsu. Saboda haka, an ba da fifiko kan ingancin zane-zanen da aka samar. Thean sanda sun yanke shawarar komai a nan ma: an riga an gama manyan malamai tare da wajibcin horar da matasa kwasa-kwasan musamman. A hankali, ajiyar ma'aikata ya fara nuna kansa, kuma shekarun 1970s - 1980s ya zama mafi girma a zamanin Soyuzmultfilm. Duk da tsananin koma baya na kudi, daraktocin Soviet sun ɗauki finafinai waɗanda ba su da ƙasa, kuma wani lokacin har ma sun wuce matsayin duniya. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ya shafi samfuran silsilar masu sauƙi da majigin yara waɗanda ke ba da sababbin hanyoyin.
13. Dangane da kebantattun abubuwan da aka rarraba fim din Soviet, ba zai yuwu a yi kima da katun din Soviet ba ta yawan masu kallo da suka kalli katun. Idan akwai cikakkun bayanai na haƙiƙa akan finafinai masu fasali, to an nuna katun a cikin sinima mafi kyau a cikin tarin abubuwa ko azaman makircin da ya gabaci fim ɗin. Babban masu sauraron majigin yara suna kallon su a talabijin, ƙimar shirye-shiryen da hukumomin Soviet ba su da sha'awar su. Sabili da haka, kimantawar haƙiƙa kawai ta zanen Soviet tana iya zama ƙimar tashar buɗe fim mai ƙarfi. Menene halayyar: ƙididdigar Gidan Fim ɗin Intanet da tashar Kinopoisk wasu lokuta suna bambanta da kashi goma cikin maki, amma zane-zanen goma na farko iri ɗaya ne. Waɗannan su ne “A da can akwai kare”, “To, jira!”, “Uku daga Prostokvashino”, “Winnie the Pooh”, “Kid da Carlson”, “Mawaƙan garin Bremen”, “Gena Crocodile”, “Dawowar digan Fandare Musamman”, “Snow sarauniya "da" Kasadar Leopold the Cat ".
14. A cikin tarihin kwanan nan game da rayarwar Rasha akwai shafuka don yin alfahari dasu. Fim din "Jarumai Uku a kan Iyakoki Masu Nisan Kafi", wanda aka fitar a cikin 2012, ya sami dala miliyan 31.5, wanda ya sanya shi a cikin gabaɗaya wuri na 12 a cikin ƙimar Rasha ta manyan zane-zane. Manyan 50 kuma sun hada da: “Ivan Tsarevich da Grey Wolf” (2011, wuri na 20, dala miliyan 24.8), “Jarumai Uku: Motsi na Knight” (2014, $ 30, $ 19.4 miliyan). ), "Ivan Tsarevich da Grey Wolf 2" (2014, 32, dala miliyan 19.3), "Jarumai uku da sarauniyar Shamakhan" (2010, dala miliyan 33, 19), "Jarumai uku da gimbiya Misira" (2017, 49, dala miliyan 14.4) da kuma “Jarumai uku da sarkin teku” (2016, dala miliyan 50, 14).
15. ofaya daga cikin sassan jerin rayayyun shirye-shiryen Rasha "Masha da Bear" a cikin 2018 ya zama sanannen bidiyon bidiyo mara waƙa da aka sanya akan bidiyon bidiyo na YouTube. Sashin "Masha da Porridge", wanda aka loda zuwa sabis ɗin a ranar 31 ga Janairun 2012, an kalleshi sau biliyan 3.53 a farkon Afrilun 2019. Gabaɗaya, bidiyon daga tashar "Masha da Bear" ya sami ra'ayoyi sama da biliyan 5.82.
16. Tun daga 1932, an ba da lambar yabo ta Kwaleji ta Musamman don Mafi Kyawun Rawar Rana (an canza shi zuwa Mai rai a 1975). Walt Disney zai ci gaba da kasancewa shugaba ba tare da jayayya ba shekaru da yawa masu zuwa. An gabatar da katunsa don Oscar sau 39 kuma ya ci nasara 12. Babban mai neman, Nick Park, wanda ya jagoranci Wallace da Gromit da Shaun Tumaki, ya sami nasarori 3 ne kawai.
17. A 2002 cikakkun majigin yara sun karɓi nadinsu don "Oscar". Mai nasara na farko shine wanda ya riga ya zama almara "Shrek". Mafi sau da yawa, "Oscar" don cikakken fim mai rai ya tafi zuwa samfuran "Pixar" - gabatarwa 10 da nasarori 9.
18. Duk manyan makarantun katun na kasa suna da halaye irin nasu, amma, bayan bayyanar fasahar komputa, rayarwa ta fara zama iri ɗaya. Dunkulewar duniya bai shafi wasan kwaikwayo kawai ba - zane mai ban dariya na ƙasar Japan. Ba komai bane game da manyan idanu da fuskokin yar tsana na haruffa. Fiye da shekaru 100 da wanzuwarsa, anime ya zama lalataccen tsarin al'adun Japan. Da farko, hotunan katun da aka yi fim a cikin Land of the Rising Sun an yi shi ne da nufin tsofaffi masu sauraro a duk duniya. Sens, ra'ayoyi na ɗabi'a, nassoshi na tarihi da al'adu, waɗanda Jafananci kawai za su iya fahimta, an saka su cikin makircin. Abubuwan halayyar wasan kwaikwayo sune shahararrun waƙoƙin da aka yi a farkon da ƙarshen wasan katun, mafi kyawun muryar, ƙaddamar da ƙananan masu sauraro idan aka kwatanta da zane-zanen Yammacin Turai, da wadataccen samfurin - yawan kuɗin da ake samu na ɗakunan wasan kwaikwayo anime galibi ya ƙunshi tallace-tallace na samfuran da suka dace.
19. Kafin bayyanar zane-zanen kwamfuta, aikin masu zane-zane mai wahalar gaske da jinkiri. Babu wargi, don harba minti na zane mai ban dariya, ya zama dole a shirya da harba hotuna 1,440. Sabili da haka, ɓarnatar da opan majigi a cikin tsofaffin zane mai ban dariya sam ba sabon abu bane. Koyaya, adadin firam a lokaci guda yana hana masu kallo lura da rashin dacewa ko rashin hankali - hoton yana canzawa da sauri fiye da fim.Masu kallo ne masu lura da katun kawai ke lura dasu. Misali, a cikin majigin yara "Da kyau, jira!" da kuma “Hutu a cikin Prostokvashino” kullun wani abu yakan faru da ƙofofin. Suna canza bayyanar su, wurin su har ma da gefen da suke budewa. A cikin kashi na 6 "Da kyau, jira na ɗan lokaci!" Kerkeci ya kori Kurege a cikin jirgin, ya kuma fallasa ƙofar karusar ya tashi da kansa ta wata hanya ta daban. Cartoons din "Winnie the Pooh" gabaɗaya yana nuna yanayin duniyar. A ciki, bishiyoyi suna girma da ganyayyaki da gangan don su iya bugun beyar da ke tashi sama (lokacin ɗagawa, gangar jikin ba ta da rassa), aladu sun san yadda ake buga waya idan akwai haɗari, kuma jakuna suna baƙin ciki ƙwarai da gaske har suna lalata duk ciyawar da ke kusa da kandami ba tare da sun taɓa shi ba.
Muguwar mahaifiyar Uncle Fedor ita ce mafi yawan lura da zubar jini a cikin majigin yara
20. A 1988, Gidan Rediyon Watsa shirye-shirye na Fox na Amurka ya fara watsa shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo The Simpsons. An saki wani wasan barkwanci wanda ya shafi rayuwar dangin Amurka na lardi da makwabta tsawon shekara 30. A wannan lokacin, masu kallo sun ga fiye da aukuwa 600. Jerin ya lashe lambar yabo 27 Annie da Emmy kowannensu don Kyakkyawan Fim ɗin Talabijin da sauran kyaututtuka da yawa a duniya. Nunin yana da nasa tauraruwa a Hollywood Walk of Fame. A cikin Simpsons, suna yin izgili game da kusan komai kuma suna yin raha da duk abin da suke so. Wannan ya sha haifar da sukar masu kirkirar, amma har yanzu lamarin bai kai ga haramtawa ba ko kuma wasu matakai masu tsanani. An saka jerin a cikin Guinness Book of Records har sau uku: a matsayin silsilar TV mafi dadewa, a matsayin jerin masu manyan haruffa (151), da kuma jerin masu tauraron bako.
Masu riƙe da rikodi
