Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov (1934-2019) - Soviet matukin jirgi-cosmonaut, mutum na farko a tarihi da ya shiga sararin samaniya, mai zane-zane. Jarumi sau biyu na Tarayyar Soviet da Manjo Janar na Jirgin Sama. Memba na Majalisar Koli ta United Russia party (2002-2019).
Akwai tarihin abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin Alexei Leonov, wanda za mu fada a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin Alexei Leonov.
Tarihin rayuwar Alexei Leonov
An haifi Alexey Leonov a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1934 a ƙauyen Listvyanka (Yankin Yammacin Siberia). Mahaifinsa, Arkhip Alekseevich, ya taɓa yin aiki a cikin ma'adanai na Donbass, bayan haka ya karɓi kwararren likitan dabbobi da masanin dabba. Uwa, Evdokia Minaevna, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami. Alexey shine ɗa na takwas na iyayensa.
Yara da samari
Ba za a iya kiran yarinta na ɗan sama jannatin nan mai farin ciki ba. Lokacin da yakai shekaru 3 da haihuwa, mahaifinsa ya fuskanci matsanancin danniya kuma an san shi a matsayin "makiyin mutane."
An kori babban iyali daga gidansu, bayan haka an ba wa maƙwabta damar washe dukiyarta. Sr. Leonov yayi shekara 2 a sansanin. An kama shi ba tare da fitina ko bincike ba game da rikici da shugaban gonar.
Abin mamaki ne cewa lokacin da aka saki Arkhip Alekseevich a cikin 1939, ba da daɗewa ba ya sami gyara, amma shi da danginsa tuni sun sami babbar asara, ta ɗabi'a da ta abin duniya.
Lokacin da Arkhip Leonov yake cikin kurkuku, matarsa da 'ya'yanta sun zauna a Kemerovo, inda danginsu suke. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cewa mutane 11 sun rayu a cikin daki 16 m²!
Bayan sakin mahaifinsa, Leonovs ya fara rayuwa mafi sauƙi. An raba dangi da karin dakuna 2 a cikin bariki. A cikin 1947 dangin suka koma Kaliningrad, inda aka ba Arkhip Alekseevich sabon aiki.
A can Alexey ya ci gaba da karatunsa a makaranta, wanda ya kammala a 1953 - shekarar mutuwar Joseph Stalin. A wannan lokacin, ya riga ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai fasaha mai fasaha, sakamakon haka ya tsara jaridun bango da fastoci.
Yayinda yake ɗan makaranta, Leonov yayi nazarin na'urorin injunan jirgin sama, sannan kuma ya mallaki ka'idar tashi. Ya sami wannan ilimin ne saboda bayanan ɗan'uwansa, wanda aka horar da shi a matsayin mai ƙirar jirgin sama.
Bayan karbar takardar shaidar, Aleksey ya shirya ya zama dalibi a Riga Academy of Arts. Koyaya, dole ne ya yi watsi da wannan ra'ayin, tunda iyayensa ba za su iya samar da rayuwarsa a Riga ba.
Cosmonautics
Ba a samu ilimin ilimin fasaha ba, Leonov ya shiga makarantar tukin jirgin soji a Kremenchug, wanda ya kammala a 1955. Sannan ya yi karatu a Chuguev Aviation School of Pilots na wasu shekaru 2, inda ya sami damar zama matukin jirgin sama na farko.
A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, Alexei Leonov ya zama memba na CPSU. Daga 1959 zuwa 1960 yayi aiki a Jamus, a cikin sahun sojojin Soviet.
A wannan lokacin, mutumin ya sadu da shugaban Cibiyar Koyarwar Cosmonaut (CPC), Kanar Karpov. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sadu da Yuri Gagarin, wanda ya fara kyakkyawar dangantaka da shi.
A cikin 1960, Leonov ya shiga cikin rukunin farko na Soviet cosmonauts. Shi, tare da sauran mahalarta, sun yi horo mai ƙarfi kowace rana, suna ƙoƙari su sami mafi kyawun tsari.
Bayan shekaru 4, ofishin tsara zane, wanda Korolev ke jagoranta, ya fara kera keɓaɓɓiyar kumbon sararin samaniya Voskhod-2. Wannan na'urar ya kamata ta ba 'yan saman jannati damar shiga sararin samaniya. Daga baya, masu kula da kamfanin suka zaɓi mafi kyawun candidatesan takara 2 don jirgin mai zuwa, wanda ya zama Alexei Lenov da Pavel Belyaev.
Tafiya mai cike da tarihi da kuma sararin samaniya na farko da aka fara aiwatarwa a sararin samaniya ya faru ne a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1965. Duk wannan taron ya sami sa ido sosai a duniya, gami da, Amurka.
Bayan wannan jirgi, Leonov yana ɗaya daga cikin cosmonauts waɗanda aka horar don tashi zuwa duniyar wata, amma ba a taɓa aiwatar da wannan aikin ba ta jagorancin USSR. Fitowar Alexey ta gaba zuwa sararin samaniya ya faru shekaru 10 bayan haka, a lokacin shahararrun tashar jirgin saman Soviet Soyuz 19 da Apollo 21 na Amurka.
Farkon sararin samaniya
Kulawa ta musamman a cikin tarihin rayuwar Leonov ya cancanci tafiya ta farko a sararin samaniya, wanda mai yiwuwa ba haka ba ne.
Gaskiyar ita ce, dole ne mutumin ya fita daga jirgin ta hanyar keɓaɓɓiyar iska, yayin da abokin aikinsa, Pavel Belyaev, ya sa ido kan halin da ake ciki ta kyamarorin bidiyo.
Adadin lokacin fitowar farko ya kasance mintuna 23 da dakika 41 (wanda yakai mintuna 12 da sakan 9 a wajen jirgi). A yayin aikin a cikin sararin samaniyar Leonov, yanayin zafin ya karu sosai ta yadda ya sami tachycardia, kuma gumi ya zubo sosai daga goshinsa.
Koyaya, ainihin matsalolin sun kasance gaban Alexei. Saboda banbancin matsi, sararin samaniya ya kumbura sosai, wanda hakan ya haifar da iyakantaccen motsi da haɓaka girman. A sakamakon haka, xan sama jannatin ya kasa sakewa cikin iska.
Leonov an tilasta shi ya sauƙaƙe matsin lamba don rage ƙarar karar. A lokaci guda, hannayensa suna aiki tare da kyamara da igiya mai aminci, wanda ya haifar da damuwa da yawa kuma yana buƙatar ƙoshin lafiya ta jiki.
Lokacin da ya sami damar shiga cikin iska, wata matsala ta sake jiransa. Lokacin da aka katse hanyar dakatar da jirgi, jirgin ya dagule.
'Yan saman jannatin sun sami damar kawar da wannan matsalar ta hanyar samar da iskar oxygen, a sakamakon haka mazaje suka cika da yawa.
Ya zama kamar daga baya yanayin zai inganta, amma waɗannan sun yi nesa da duk gwajin da ya faɗa wa matukan jirgin Soviet.
An shirya cewa jirgin ya fara sauka bayan juyin juya halin 16 a Duniya, amma tsarin ya samu matsala. Pavel Belyaev dole ne ya sarrafa kayan aikin da hannu. Ya sami nasarar kammalawa cikin dakika 22 kawai, amma koda wannan karamin lokaci ne da ya zama kamar gajere ne ya isa jirgin ya sauka kilomita 75 daga filin saukar jirgin.
Cosmonauts sun sauka kimanin kilomita 200 daga Perm, a cikin zurfin taiga, wanda ya rikitar da binciken su sosai. Bayan awanni 4 da kasancewa cikin dusar ƙanƙara, cikin sanyi, a ƙarshe an sami Leonov da Belyaev.
An taimaka wa matukan jirgin zuwa mafi kusa gini a cikin taiga. Sai kawai bayan kwana biyu aka sami damar kawo su zuwa Moscow, inda ba kawai Soviet Union ba kawai, amma duk duniyar suna jiran su.
A cikin 2017, an dauki fim din "Lokaci Na Farko", wanda aka keɓe don shiri da kuma tashi mai zuwa zuwa sararin samaniya na "Voskhod-2". Ya kamata a lura cewa Alexei Leonov ya zama babban mashawarcin fim ɗin, godiya ga abin da daraktoci da 'yan wasan suka sami damar isar da fasalin ƙungiyar Soviet a cikin ƙaramin bayani.
Rayuwar mutum
Matukin jirgin ya hadu da matar da zai aura, Svetlana Pavlovna, a shekarar 1957. Wani abin ban sha’awa shi ne, matasa sun yanke shawarar yin aure kwanaki 3 bayan haduwarsu.
Duk da haka, ma'auratan sun zauna tare har zuwa mutuwar Leonov. A cikin wannan auren, an haifi 'yan mata 2 - Victoria da Oksana.
Baya ga jirgin sama da 'yan sama jannati, Alexei Leonov yana da sha'awar zane. A tsawon shekarun tarihin rayuwarsa, ya rubuta zane-zane kusan 200. A kan tawagarsa, mutumin ya nuna sarari da shimfidar wurare na duniya, hotunan mutane daban-daban, da kuma batutuwa masu kayatarwa.
Dan sama jannatin kuma yana son karanta littattafai, hawa keke, yin wasan katanga da zuwa farauta. Ya kuma ji daɗin yin wasan tanis, kwallon kwando da kuma ɗaukar hoto.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Leonov ya zauna kusa da babban birni a cikin gidan da aka gina bisa ga aikinsa.
Mutuwa
Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2019 yana da shekara 85. Jim kaɗan kafin rasuwarsa, ya kasance ba shi da lafiya. Musamman, dole ne ya yi aiki a yatsan kafa saboda ci gaba da ciwon sukari. Ba a san ainihin dalilin mutuwar ɗan sama jannatin ba.
A tsawon shekarun rayuwarsa, Leonov ya sami manyan lambobin yabo na duniya. Ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar kere-kere, sannan kuma ya kirkiro kirkire-kirkire 4 a bangaren ilimin sararin samaniya. Bugu da kari, matukin jirgin ya kasance marubucin takardu goma sha biyu na kimiyya.
Alexey Leonov ne ya ɗauki hoto
