Yarjejeniyar rashin zalunci tsakanin Jamus da USSR (kuma aka sani da Yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop ko Yarjejeniyar Hitler-Stalin) - wata yarjejeniya tsakanin gwamnatoci da shugabannin sassan harkokin kasashen waje na Jamus da USSR suka sanya wa hannu a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 1939, a cikin mutanen Joachim Ribbentrop da Vyacheslav Molotov.
Abubuwan da yarjejeniyar Jamus da Soviet ta tanada sun tabbatar da zaman lafiya tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu, gami da ƙaddamar da sanarwar cewa ɗayan gwamnatocin biyu ba za ta shiga ƙawancen ko taimaka maƙiyan wani ɓangaren ba.
A yau, Yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop tana ɗaya daga cikin maganganun tarihi da aka fi magana game da su a duniya. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, gami da Rasha, a jajibirin ranar 23 ga Agusta, tattaunawa mai zafi game da yarjejeniyar tsakanin manyan shugabannin duniya na lokacin - Stalin da Hitler suna farawa a cikin jaridu da talabijin.
Yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop ta haifar da barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na II (1939-1945). Ya kwance hannayen Jamusawa masu ra'ayin farkisanci, wadanda suka yunkuro don mamayar duk duniya.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu duba abubuwan ban sha'awa masu alaƙa da kwangilar, da kuma manyan abubuwan da aka tsara a cikin tsarin tafiyar lokaci.
Yarjejeniyar yaƙi
Don haka, a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 1939, Jamus, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Adolf Hitler, da USSR, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Joseph Stalin, suka ƙulla wata yarjejeniya, kuma a ranar 1 ga Satumba, yaƙin da ya fi kowane jini da jini da yawa a tarihin ɗan adam ya fara.
Kwana takwas bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, sojojin Hitler suka mamaye Poland, kuma a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 1939, sojojin Soviet suka shiga Poland.
Rarraba yanki na Poland tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da Jamus ya ƙare tare da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar abota da ƙarin yarjejeniya ta sirri gare ta. Don haka, a cikin 1940 jihohin Baltic, Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina da wani ɓangare na Finland an hade su zuwa USSR.
Additionalarin yarjejeniya na sirri
Yarjejeniyar sirrin ta bayyana "iyakokin bangarorin amfani" na Jamus da Tarayyar Soviet a yayin sake fasalin yanki da siyasa na yankunan da suke wani bangare na Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, da kuma kasar Poland.
Dangane da bayanan shugabannin Soviet, manufar yarjejeniyar ita ce tabbatar da tasirin Tarayyar Soviet a Gabashin Turai, tunda ba tare da wata yarjejeniya ta sirri ba yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop za ta rasa ƙarfinta.
Dangane da yarjejeniyar, iyakar arewacin Lithuania ta zama iyakar yankunan duniyoyin bukatun Jamus da USSR a cikin Kasashen Baltic.
Tambayar 'yancin kan Poland ya kamata a warware shi daga baya, bayan tattaunawar bangarorin. A lokaci guda, Tarayyar Soviet ta nuna wata sha'awa ga Bessarabia, sakamakon haka ba lallai ne Jamus ta gabatar da da'awarta ga waɗannan yankuna ba.
Yarjejeniyar ta yi tasiri sosai game da ƙarshen makomar Lithuanians, Estonia, Latvia, da Yammacin Yukren, Belarusi da Moldovans. A ƙarshe, waɗannan mutanen kusan an haɗa su cikin USSR.
Dangane da ƙarin yarjejeniya, wanda aka samo asalinsa a cikin tarihin siyasa kawai bayan faɗuwar Soviet, sojojin Jamusawa a cikin 1939 ba su mamaye gabashin gabashin Poland ba, galibi mazauna Belarusians da Yukreniya.
Bugu da kari, masu fascists ba su shiga kasashen Baltic ba. A sakamakon haka, duk waɗannan yankuna sun kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Tarayyar Soviet.
A lokacin yaƙi da Finland, wanda ya kasance ɓangare na ɓangarorin Rasha na sha'awar, Red Army sun mamaye wani ɓangare na wannan jihar.
Nazarin siyasa na yarjejeniyar
Tare da duk wasu kimantawa na Yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop, wanda a yau ke shan suka daga jihohi da yawa, dole ne a yarda cewa a zahiri bai wuce tsarin ayyukan dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa da aka karɓa ba kafin yakin duniya na biyu.
Misali, a 1934, Poland ta kulla irin wannan yarjejeniya da Nazi Jamus. Bugu da kari, wasu kasashen sun yi kokarin sanya hannu kan irin wadannan yarjeniyoyin.
Koyaya, ƙarin yarjejeniya ce ta ɓoye da ke haɗe da yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop wanda babu shakka ya keta dokar ƙasa da ƙasa.
Har ila yau, yana da kyau a lura cewa daga wannan yarjejeniyar USSR ba ta sami fa'idodin yanki ba kamar ƙarin shekaru 2 na lokaci don shirya yiwuwar yaƙi tare da Mulkin na Uku.
Hakanan, Hitler ya sami nasarar kaucewa yaƙi ta ɓangarori biyu na tsawon shekaru 2, yana cin nasara a kan Poland, Faransa da ƙananan ƙasashen Turai. Don haka, a ra'ayin wasu masana tarihi, yakamata a ɗauki Jamus a matsayin babbar mai cin gajiyar yarjejeniyar.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa ka'idojin yarjejeniyar sirri sun saba doka, duka Stalin da Hitler sun yanke shawarar kin bayyana daftarin a fili. Gaskiyar magana mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa babu jami'in Rasha ko na Jamusawa da ya san yarjejeniyar, ban da ƙididdigar da'irar mutane.
Duk da rashin fahimtar Yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop (ma'anarsa ce ta sirri), yakamata a kalleshi cikin yanayin halin soja da siyasa na yanzu a wancan lokacin.
A cewar ra'ayin Stalin, yerjejeniyar za ta kasance a matsayin martani ga manufofin "neman sassauci" na Hitler, wanda Biritaniya da Faransa suka bi, wadanda ke kokarin tursasa kawunansu kan gwamnatocin biyu na kama-karya.
A cikin 1939, Nazi na Jamus sun karɓi ikon Rhineland kuma, a keta Yarjejeniyar Versailles, ta sake girke dakarunta, bayan haka kuma ta haɗu da Austria da kuma hade Czechoslovakia.
Ta fuskoki da dama, manufofin Burtaniya, Faransa, Jamus da Italia sun haifar da irin wannan mummunan sakamako, wanda a ranar 29 ga Satumban 1938 ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a Munich kan raba Czechoslovakia. Kara karantawa game da wannan a cikin labarin "Yarjejeniyar Munich".
La'akari da duk abubuwan da muka ambata a sama, ba daidai bane a ce yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop ce kawai ta haifar da yakin duniya na II.
Ba da daɗewa ba, Hitler zai iya kaiwa Poland hari, kuma yawancin ƙasashen Turai suna neman kulla yarjejeniya da Jamus, ta haka kawai ya 'yanta hannun Nazi.
Wani abin ban sha’awa shine har zuwa 23 ga watan Agusta, 1939, duk ƙasashen Turai masu ƙarfi, gami da Birtaniyya, Faransa da Tarayyar Soviet, sun yi ƙoƙarin yin shawarwari da shugaban na Jamus.
Halin halin kirki na yarjejeniyar
Kai tsaye bayan kammala yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop, yawancin kungiyoyin kwaminisanci na duniya sun yi kakkausar suka ga yarjejeniyar. A lokaci guda, ba su ma san da kasancewar ƙarin yarjejeniya ba.
'Yan siyasa masu ra'ayin gurguzu sun nuna rashin gamsuwa da kusancin da ke tsakanin USSR da Jamus. Yawancin masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa wannan yarjejeniya ce ta zama mafarin rabuwar ƙungiyar kwaminisanci ta duniya kuma dalilin rusa Commungiyar Kwaminis ta Duniya a 1943.
Shekaru goma bayan haka, a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1989, Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'ar USSR a hukumance ta la'anci ladabi na sirri. 'Yan siyasa sun ba da mahimmanci na musamman kan cewa Stalin da Molotov ne suka kulla yarjejeniya da Hitler a ɓoye daga mutane da wakilan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis.
Asalin Jamusanci na ladabi na sirri an lalata shi a cikin jefa bam ɗin na Jamus. Koyaya, a ƙarshen 1943, Ribbentrop ya ba da umarnin ƙaddamar da ƙaramin bayanan sirri na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ta Jamus tun daga 1933, mai lambobi kusan shafuka 9,800.
Lokacin da aka kwashe sassa daban-daban na Ofishin Harkokin Waje da ke Berlin zuwa Thuringia a ƙarshen yaƙin, ma'aikacin gwamnati Karl von Lesch ya karɓi kwafin microfilms ɗin. An umarce shi da lalata takardu na sirri, amma Lesh ya yanke shawarar ɓoye su don inshorar mutum da jin daɗin rayuwarsa ta gaba.
A cikin Mayu 1945, Karl von Lesch ya nemi Laftanar Kanar Robert K. Thomson na Burtaniya da ya isar da wasiƙar sirri ga Duncan Sandys, surukin Churchill. A cikin wasikar, ya sanar da takardun sirri, da kuma cewa a shirye ya ke ya samar da su a madadin kariyar sa.
Kanar Thomson da abokin aikinsa Ba'amurke Ralph Collins sun amince da waɗannan sharuɗɗan. Microfilms ɗin sun ƙunshi kwafin yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop da yarjejeniyar sirrin.
Sakamakon yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop
Har ilayau ana fuskantar mummunan sakamakon yarjejeniyar har zuwa dangantakar tsakanin Tarayyar Rasha da jihohin da yarjejeniyar ta shafa.
A cikin kasashen Baltic da yammacin Ukraine, ana kiran Russia da "mamaya." A Poland, USSR da Nazi Jamus kusan sun daidaita. A sakamakon haka, Poles da yawa suna da mummunan ra'ayi game da sojojin Soviet, waɗanda, a zahiri, suka cece su daga mamayar Jamusawa.
A cewar masana tarihi na Rasha, irin wannan ƙiyayyar ɗabi'ar ta lesungiyoyin ba daidai ba ce, tun da babu ɗayan kusan sojojin Rasha 600,000 da suka mutu a lokacin 'yantar da Poland da suka ji labarin sirrin yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.
Hoton asalin yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop
Hoton asalin Yarjejeniyar Asirin ga Yarjejeniyar
Kuma wannan hoton iri ɗaya ne Yarjejeniyar Asiri ga Yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop, game da irin wannan tattaunawa mai zafi ana gudana.