Dutsen Ural, wanda kuma ake kira "Dutse na Ural na Urals", yana wakiltar tsarin tsauni wanda ke kewaye da filaye biyu (Gabashin Turai da Yammacin Siberia). Waɗannan jeri-janar suna matsayin shinge na halitta tsakanin yankunan Asiya da Turai, kuma suna cikin tsoffin tsaunuka a duniya. Abubuwan da ke cikin su yana wakiltar sassa da yawa - iyakacin duniya, kudu, mai tsaka-tsaki, arewa da tsakiya.
Ural tsaunuka: ina suke
Wani fasali na yanayin ƙasa na wannan tsarin ana ɗaukarsa tsawon daga arewa zuwa kudu. Duwatsu suna ƙawata nahiyar Eurasia, galibi suna rufe ƙasashe biyu - Rasha da Kazakhstan. Wani ɓangare na massif ya bazu a cikin yankunan Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm Territory, Bashkortostan. Haɗin haɗin abu - tsaunuka suna tafiya a layi ɗaya da Meridian 60th.
Tsawon wannan zangon tsaunin ya fi kilomita 2500, kuma cikakken tsayin babban tsaunin shi ne 1895 m. Matsakaicin tsayin tsaunukan Ural shi ne 1300-1400 m.
Mafi girman kololuwar tsararru sun hada da:
Matsayi mafi girma yana kan iyakar raba Jamhuriyar Komi da yankin Ugra (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug).
Dutsen Ural ya isa gabar Tekun Arctic, sa'annan ya ɓuya a ƙarƙashin ruwa na ɗan nesa, ya ci gaba zuwa Vaigach da Novaya Zemlya tsibirin. Don haka, massif ya shimfiɗa a arewacin arewa don ƙarin kilomita 800. Matsakaicin iyakar "Dutse Belt" yana da kusan kilomita 200. A wurare ya rage zuwa kilomita 50 ko fiye.
Asalin labarin
Masana ilimin kasa suna jayayya cewa tsaunukan Ural suna da hadaddiyar hanyar asali, kamar yadda yake nuni da nau'ikan duwatsu a tsarin su. Jerin tsaunukan dutse suna da alaƙa da zamanin narkar da Hercynian (ƙarshen Paleozoic), kuma shekarunsu sun kai shekaru 600,000,000.
Tsarin ya samo asali ne sakamakon karowar manyan faranti biyu. Farkon wadannan al'amuran sun faru ne ta hanyar fashewa a cikin kashin bayan kasa, bayan fadadawa wanda aka samar da tekun, wanda ya bace tsawon lokaci.
Masu bincike sunyi imanin cewa magabatan nesa na tsarin zamani sun sami canje-canje masu mahimmanci cikin miliyoyin shekaru. A yau tabbataccen yanayi ya kasance cikin tsaunukan Ural, kuma babu manyan motsi daga ɓawon ƙasa. Girgizar ƙasa ta ƙarshe mai ƙarfi (tare da ikon kusan maki 7) ta faru a cikin 1914.
Yanayi da dukiyar "Dutse na Dutse"
Yayin da kake zaune a tsaunukan Ural, zaka iya sha'awar ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa, ziyarci koguna da yawa, iyo a cikin ruwan tafkin, gogewar motsin zuciyar ka, ka gangara tafkin koguna. Ya dace a zagaya nan ta kowace hanya - ta motoci masu zaman kansu, bas ko a ƙafa.
Fauna na "Dutse na Dutse" ya bambanta. A wuraren da bishiyoyin spruce ke girma, sunadaran sunadarai ne ke wakilta shi wanda ke ciyar da 'ya'yan itacen coniferous. Bayan zuwan hunturu, dabbobin ginger suna ciyar da kayan abinci da aka shirya da kansu (namomin kaza, pine nuts). Ana samun Martens da yawa a cikin dazukan tsaunuka. Wadannan mahautan suna zama kusa da 'yan iska kuma suna farautar su lokaci-lokaci.
Muna ba da shawarar duba tsaunukan Altai.
Ridungiyoyin Ural Mountains suna da wadata a cikin furs. Ba kamar takwarorinsu na Siberia masu duhu ba, Ural sables suna da launi mai launi. Doka ce ta haramtawa wadannan dabbobi haramtacciyar hanya, wacce ke ba su damar haifuwa da yardar kaina a dazukan tsaunuka. A cikin tsaunukan Ural, akwai sarari isa ga kerkeci, dawa, da beyar su rayu. Mixedungiyar gandun daji da aka gauraya wuri ne da aka fi so da barewa. Filayen suna zaune ne da dawakai da kurege.
Duwatsun Ural suna ɓoye ma'adanai da yawa a cikin zurfin. Tsaunuka cike suke da asbestos, platinum da wuraren adana gwal. Hakanan akwai ajiyar duwatsu masu daraja, zinariya da malachite.
Halin yanayi
Yawancin tsaunukan Ural suna rufe yanki mai sanyin yanayi. Idan a lokacin bazara kuna motsawa ta gefen tsaunuka daga arewa zuwa kudu, zaku iya gyara masu alamun zazzabi sun fara karuwa. A lokacin bazara, yanayin zafin yana sauka a + digiri 10-12 a arewa da kuma + 20 a kudu. A lokacin hunturu, alamun man zafin jiki suna samun ƙananan bambanci. Da farkon watan Janairu, masu auna zafi a arewa suna nuna -20 ° C, a kudu - daga -16 zuwa -18 digiri.
Yanayin Ural yana da alaƙa da iskar gas mai zuwa daga Tekun Atlantika. Yawancin hazo (har zuwa 800 mm a lokacin shekara) yana ratsa gangaren yamma. A cikin gabashin, irin waɗannan alamun suna rage zuwa 400-500 mm. A lokacin hunturu, wannan yankin na tsarin tsaunuka yana ƙarƙashin tasirin wani iska wanda ke zuwa daga Siberia. A kudanci, a lokacin kaka da hunturu, ya kamata ku dogara da ƙaramin gajimare da yanayin sanyi.
Sauye-sauyen da ke faruwa na yau da kullun na gida ya fi yawa ne saboda sauƙin tsaunuka. Tare da hauhawar wuri, yanayi yana daɗa tsananta, kuma alamomin zafin jiki sun bambanta sosai a sassa daban-daban na gangaren.
Bayanin abubuwan jan hankali na gari
Dutsen Ural na iya yin alfahari da abubuwan jan hankali da yawa:
- Park "Gudun rafika".
- Ajiyar "Rezhevskaya".
- Kogon Kungur.
- Wani marmaron kankara dake cikin filin shakatawa na Zyuratkul.
- "Wuraren Bazhovsky".
Park "Gudun rafika" wanda yake a cikin garin Nizhnie Sergi. Loaunar tarihin daɗaɗɗa za su yi sha'awar dutsen Pisanitsa na gida, wanda aka zana shi da zane-zanen tsoffin masu zane-zane. Sauran shahararrun shafuka a wannan wurin shakatawa sune kogwanni da Babban Gap. Anan zaku iya tafiya tare da hanyoyi na musamman, ziyarci dandamalin lura, kuma ƙetare zuwa wurin da kuke so ta motar kebul.
Ajiyar "Rezhevskoy" yana jan hankalin dukkan masanan jauhari. Wannan yankin da aka kiyaye ya ƙunshi ɗakunan duwatsu masu daraja da masu tamani. An haramta yin tafiya a nan da kanku - kuna iya tsayawa kan yankin ajiyar kawai a ƙarƙashin kulawar ma'aikata.
Yankin ajiyar ya ketare ta Kogin Rezh. A gefen bankinsa na dama akwai Shaidan-dutse. Yawancin mutanen Urals suna ɗaukar shi sihiri, suna taimakawa wajen warware matsaloli daban-daban. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa mutane koyaushe suke zuwa dutse, suna son cika burinsu.
Tsawon Kogon Ice Kungur - kimanin kilomita 6, wanda masu yawon bude ido ke iya ziyartar kwata kwata. A ciki zaku iya ganin tabkuna da yawa, grottoes, stalactites da stalagmites. Don haɓaka tasirin gani, akwai haske na musamman a nan. Kogon bashi da suna ne saboda yawan zafin da ake yiwa subzero. Don jin daɗin kyakkyawa a nan, kuna buƙatar samun tufafin hunturu tare da ku.
Ruwan kankara daga gandun dajin "Zyuratkul", wanda ya bazu a yankin Satka, yankin Chelyabinsk, ya tashi saboda bayyanar rijiyar kasa. Yana da kyau a dube shi kawai a lokacin hunturu. A cikin yanayi mai sanyi, wannan maɓuɓɓugar ɓoye ta daskarewa kuma ta ɗauki sikila mai tsayin mita 14.
Park "Bazhovskie mesto" abokan tarayya tare da sanannen kuma ƙaunataccen littafi mai yawa "Akwatin Malachite". Wannan wurin ya samar da cikakkun yanayi na masu hutu. Kuna iya tafiya cikin tafiya mai ban sha'awa a ƙafa, ta keke, ko a kan doki, yayin da yake sha'awar kyawawan shimfidar wurare.
Kowa na iya yin sanyi a nan cikin ruwan tafkin ko hawa dutsen dutse na Markov. A lokacin bazara, masoya da yawa masu tsananin ƙarfi sukan zo "Bazhovskie mesto" don sauka tare da kogunan tsaunuka. A lokacin sanyi, wurin shakatawa za su iya dandana adrenaline kamar yadda suke hawa motar kankara.
Cibiyoyin nishaɗi a cikin Urals
Duk yanayin da ake buƙata an ƙirƙiri shi don baƙi zuwa tsaunukan Ural. Cibiyoyin nishadi suna cikin wuraren da ba nesa da wayewar gari ba, a cikin kusurwowi na kyawawan halaye, galibi a gabar tafkuna. Dogaro da fifikon kanku, zaku iya tsayawa anan cikin ɗakunan zane na zamani ko tsoffin gine-gine. A kowane hali, matafiya zasu sami ta'aziyya da ladabi, ma'aikatan kulawa.
Tushen yana ba da hayar ƙetare ƙasa da kankara, kayak, tubing, hawa motar kankara tare da ƙwararren direba. A kan yankin baƙon akwai wuraren al'adu na gargajiyar, wanka na Rasha tare da billariya, wuraren wasan yara da filayen wasanni. A irin waɗannan wuraren, ana iya ba ka tabbacin mantawa da hargitsi na birni, da hutawa kai tsaye ko tare da dukan iyalin, ɗaukar hoto mai ƙwaƙwalwa da ba za a taɓa mantawa da shi ba.
