Taron Potsdam (kuma Taron Berlin) - taro na uku kuma na karshe na shugabannin 3 na Manyan Manyan - Shugaban Soviet Joseph Stalin, Shugaban Amurka Harry Truman (Amurka) da Firayim Ministan Biritaniya Winston Churchill (tun daga ranar 28 ga Yuli, Clement Attlee ya wakilci Biritaniya a wurin taron maimakon Churchill).
An gudanar da taron daga 17 ga Yuli zuwa 2 ga Agusta, 1945 kusa da Berlin a cikin garin Potsdam a Fadar Cecilienhof. An yi la'akari da batutuwa da dama da suka shafi umarnin bayan zaman lafiya da tsaro a ciki.
Ci gaban tattaunawa
Kafin taron na Potsdam, "manyan ukun" sun hadu a tarukan Tehran da Yalta, na farko an yi shi ne a karshen 1943, na biyu kuma a farkon 1945. Wakilan kasashen da suka yi nasara sun tattauna kan ci gaba da halin da ake ciki bayan da Jamus ta mika wuya.
Sabanin taron da ya gabata a Yalta, a wannan karon shugabannin USSR, Amurka da Burtaniya sun nuna rashin aminci. Kowannensu ya nemi samun fa'idarsa daga taron, yana mai nacewa bisa ƙa'idodinsa. A cewar Georgy Zhukov, mafi girman zalunci ya fito ne daga Firayim Ministan Biritaniya, amma Stalin, cikin natsuwa, ya yi nasarar shawo kan abokin aikin nasa da sauri.
A cewar wasu masana na Yammacin Turai, Truman ya nuna halin rashin biyayya. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine an nada shi shugaban taron bisa shawarar shugaban Soviet.
A yayin taron na Potsdam, an gudanar da taruka 13 tare da gajeren hutu saboda zaben ‘yan majalisar dokoki a Burtaniya. Don haka, Churchill ya halarci tarurruka 9, bayan haka an maye gurbinsa da sabon zaɓaɓɓen Firayim Minista Clement Attlee.
Halittar Majalisar Ministocin Harkokin Waje
A wannan taron, Manyan Uku sun amince da kafa Majalisar Ministocin Harkokin Waje (CFM). Ya zama dole a tattauna tsarin bayan Turai na Turai.
Sabuwar majalisar da aka kirkira ita ce bunkasa yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da kawayen Jamus. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan rukunin ya haɗa da wakilan Tarayyar Soviet, Biritaniya, Amurka, Faransa da China.
Magani ga matsalar Jamusawa
An ba da hankali mafi girma a taron Potsdam ga batutuwan kwance ɗamarar yaƙi na Jamusawa, dimokiradiyya da kawar da duk wata alama ta Nazism. A cikin Jamus, ya zama dole a lalata masana'antar soja gabaɗaya har ma da waɗannan masana'antun waɗanda bisa ka'ida zasu iya samar da kayan aikin soja ko albarusai.
A lokaci guda, shugabannin Tarayyar Soviet, Amurka da Burtaniya sun tattauna batun ci gaban rayuwar siyasar Jamus. Bayan kawar da karfin soja, dole kasar ta maida hankali kan ci gaban bangaren noma da masana'antar zaman lafiya don amfanin cikin gida.
'Yan siyasa sun zo ɗaya ra'ayi don hana sake farfaɗowar Nazism, sannan kuma cewa Jamus na iya hargitsa tsarin duniya.
Tsarin sarrafawa a cikin Jamus
A taron Potsdam, an tabbatar da cewa za a yi amfani da duk wani iko a cikin Jamus a karkashin tsananin Soviet Union, Amurka, Birtaniyya da Faransa. An baiwa kowace kasa yankin ta daban, wanda zai bunkasa bisa ka'idojin da aka amince dasu.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa mahalarta taron sun dauki Jamus a matsayin dunkulalliyar tattalin arziki, tana kokarin samar da wata hanyar da za ta ba da damar kula da masana'antu daban-daban: masana'antu, ayyukan gona, gandun daji, jigilar motoci, sadarwa, da sauransu.
Gyarawa
A yayin doguwar tattaunawa tsakanin shugabannin kasashen da ke kawancen adawa da Hitler, an yanke shawarar karbar diyya kan cewa kowacce daga cikin kasashe 4 da suka mamaye Jamus ta mayar da kudaden fansar da suka biya a yankinsu kawai.
Tun da USSR ta sha wahala mafi girma, ta sami yankunan yamma na Jamus, inda ake da masana'antun masana'antu. Bugu da kari, Stalin ya tabbatar da cewa Moscow ta karbi diyya daga kwatankwacin saka hannun jarin Jamus a kasashen waje - a Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Finland da Gabashin Austria.
Daga yankunan yamma na mamayar, Rasha ta karɓi 15% na kayan aikin masana'antu da aka kama a cikinsu, yana ba Jamusawa abincin da ake buƙata a dawo, wanda aka kawo daga USSR. Hakanan, garin Konigsberg (yanzu shine Kaliningrad) ya tafi Tarayyar Soviet, wanda "Manyan Uku" suka tattauna a baya a Tehran.
Tambayar Yaren mutanen Poland
A taron Potsdam, an amince da kafa gwamnatin wucin gadi ta hadin kan kasa a Poland. A wannan dalilin, Stalin ya dage cewa Amurka da Birtaniyya sun yanke duk wata dangantaka da gwamnatin Poland da ke gudun hijira a London.
Bugu da kari, Amurka da Birtaniyyan sun yi alkawarin tallafawa gwamnatin rikon kwarya da saukaka duk wasu kayayyaki da kaddarorin da ke karkashin ikon gwaminatin.
Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa taron ya yanke shawarar rusa gwamnatin Poland din da ke gudun hijira da kare muradun gwamnatin rikon kwaryar ta Poland. An kuma kafa sabbin iyakokin Poland, wanda ya haifar da doguwar muhawara tsakanin Manyan Manyan.
Kammala yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da shiga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
A taron Potsdam, an ba da hankali sosai ga batutuwan siyasa dangane da waɗancan jihohin da ke kawance da Nazi Jamus a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu (1939-1945), amma sai ya karya shi kuma ya ba da gudummawa wajen yaƙi da Mulkin na Uku.
Musamman, an yarda da Italiya a matsayin ƙasar da, a lokacin yaƙin, ta ba da gudummawa ga lalata mulkin fascism. Dangane da wannan, dukkan bangarorin sun amince su shigar da ita cikin sabuwar Kungiyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wacce aka kirkira don tallafawa zaman lafiya da tsaro a duk duniya.
A shawarar da jami'an diflomasiyyar Burtaniya suka bayar, an cimma matsaya don gamsar da buƙatun shigar da Majalisar UNinkin Duniya na ƙasashen da suka kasance tsaka-tsaki a lokacin yaƙin.
A Ostiriya, ƙasashe masu nasara 4 suka mamaye, an gabatar da wata hanyar sarrafa ƙawancen, sakamakon haka aka kafa yankuna 4 na mamaya.
Syria da Lebanon sun nemi Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta janye sojojin mamayar Faransa da Burtaniya daga yankunansu. A sakamakon haka, an ba su buƙatunsu. Bugu da kari, wakilan taron na Potsdam sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi Yugoslavia, Girka, Trieste da sauran yankuna.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Amurka da Birtaniyya suna da matuƙar sha'awar USSR ta shelanta yaƙi akan Japan. A sakamakon haka, Stalin ya yi alkawarin shiga yakin, wanda aka yi. Af, sojojin Soviet sun sami nasara a kan Jafananci a cikin makonni 3 kawai, suna tilasta musu su miƙa wuya.
Sakamako da mahimmancin taron Potsdam
Taron na Potsdam ya sami nasarar kammala wasu yarjejeniyoyi masu mahimmanci, wadanda wasu kasashen duniya suka goyi bayansa. Musamman ma, an kafa ƙa'idodin zaman lafiya da tsaro a Turai, shirin kwance ɗamara da ɓatar da Jamus ya fara.
Shugabannin kasashen da suka yi nasara sun amince cewa alakar da ke tsakanin manyan kasashen za ta kasance ne bisa ka'idojin 'yanci, daidaito da rashin tsoma baki cikin harkokin cikin gida. Taron ya kuma tabbatar da yiwuwar hadin kai tsakanin jihohi masu tsarin siyasa daban-daban.
Hoton taron Potsdam
