Butterflies babu shakka wasu daga cikin kyawawan halittu a cikin yanayi. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana kallon malam buɗe ido alamomin alaƙar soyayya.
Ilimin halitta, butterflies suna ɗayan jinsunan kwari da suka fi yawa. Ana iya samun su kusan ko'ina, in banda mummunan Antarctica. Ana samun nau'ikan butterflies guda biyu ko a cikin Greenland. Waɗannan halittu sun san kowa, amma koyaushe yana da amfani don koyon sabon abu, har ma game da sanannen fanni.
1. Kwararren kuturta ba likita bane na wasu fannoni na musamman, amma masanin kimiyya ne wanda ke nazarin butterflies. Sashin da ya dace da ilimin halitta ana kiransa lepidopterology. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga tsoffin kalmomin Helenanci "Sikeli" da "reshe" - gwargwadon tsarin nazarin halittu, butterflies sune lepidoptera.
2. Butterflies suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan wakilan kwari. Kimanin nau'in 160,000 an riga an bayyana, kuma masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa dubun dubatan nau'ikan basu riga sun hango idanunsu ba.
3. A Ingila a karshen karnin da ya gabata an sami malam buɗe ido, wanda aka kiyasta shekarunsa a shekaru miliyan 185.
4. Girman butterflies a cikin fuka-fuki sun bambanta kan fadi da kewayo - daga 3.2 mm zuwa 28 cm.
5. Yawancin butterflies suna cin abincin nectar na furanni. Akwai nau'ikan da ke cin fure, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, gami da fruitsa fruitsan' ya'yan itace, da sauran kayan ruɓe. Akwai nau'ikan da yawa da ba sa ciyarwa kwata-kwata - don gajeriyar rayuwa, irin wadannan malam buɗe ido suna da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki yayin zamansu na wata kwari. A cikin Asiya, akwai butterflies da ke cin jinin dabbobi.
6. Tabewar shuke-shuken furanni shine babban fa'idar da butterflies ke kawowa. Amma akwai kwari a tsakanin su, kuma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, waɗannan jinsuna ne masu launi mafi haske.
7. Duk da tsarin hadadden ido (har zuwa abubuwa 27,000), butterflies suna da ma'ana, basu da bambanci launuka da abubuwa marasa motsi.
8. Ainihin fuka-fukan malam buɗe ido suna bayyane. An yi fentin ma'aunin da aka haɗe da su don haɓaka halayen jirgin saman Lepidoptera.
9. Butterflies basu da gabobin ji, duk da haka, suna kama ƙasa da faɗakarwar iska tare da taimakon eriya a saman kai. Butterflies suna jin ƙanshi tare da eriya.
10. Hanyar saduwa da malam buɗe ido ya haɗa da raye-raye-raye-raye da sauran hanyoyin neman aure. Mata na jan hankalin maza da pheromones. Maza suna jin ƙanshin othauren mata daga nisan kilomita da yawa. Maimaita kanta zai iya ɗaukar sa'o'i da yawa.
11. Butterflies suna yin ƙwai da yawa, amma ƙalilan ne suka tsira. Idan kowa ya rayu, da babu wani wuri a Duniya ga sauran halittu. 'Ya'yan itaciyar kabeji za su ninka nauyin dukan mutane sau uku.
12. A cikin tsakiyar latitude, har zuwa sau uku na rayuwa na butterflies suna wucewa a kowace shekara. A cikin yanayin wurare masu zafi, har zuwa ƙarni 10 suna bayyana kowace shekara.
13. Butterflies ba su da kwarangwal a cikin yanayin da muka saba. Matsayin tallafi ana aiwatar dashi ta kwasfa mai ƙarfi ta jiki. A lokaci guda, wannan exoskeleton yana hana malam buɗe ido rasa danshi.
14. Kimanin nau'ikan butterflies 250 ne ke yin hijira. Hanyar ƙaurarsu na iya yin tsayin dubban kilomita. A lokaci guda, a wasu jinsunan, zuriya da ake kiwo a wuraren ƙaura da kansu suna tafiya zuwa wuraren zama na dindindin, daga inda iyayensu suka tashi. Hanyar watsa “bayanan zirga-zirga” ga masana kimiyya har yanzu ba a san shi ba.
15. Sanannen abu ne cewa malam buɗe ido yana yin kwaikwayon mutane domin gujewa masu cutar kansu. Don yin wannan, suna amfani da launi (sanannun "idanu" akan fuka-fuki) ko ƙanshi. Ba a san shi sosai ba cewa wasu malam buɗe ido suna da gashi masu kyau a jikinsu da fikafikan su, an tsara su ne don sha da kuma watsa jemage na duban dan tayi don neman ganima. Butterflies na nau'ikan Bear suna iya samar da dannawa wadanda ke buga siginar linzamin "radar".
16. A Japan, wasu rubutattun takardu sun zama dole ga bikin aure. A kasar Sin, ana daukar wannan kwarin a lokaci guda a matsayin wata alama ta kauna da farin ciki ta iyali, kuma ana cin ta cikin nishadi.
17. Can baya a karni na 19, butterflies sun zama shahararrun masu tarawa. A yanzu akwai samfuran sama da miliyan 10 a cikin manyan tarin malam buɗe ido a gidan kayan tarihi na Thomas Witt da ke Munich. Mafi girman tarin a Rasha shine tarin Cibiyar Nazarin Dabbobi. Labarin farko na farko a cikin wannan tarin ya bayyana a lokacin mulkin Peter the Great (to, shi ne Kunstkamera), kuma a yau akwai kofi miliyan 6 a cikin tarin.
18. Shahararrun masu tattara labaru sune Baron Walter Rothschild, masanin kimiyyar lissafin Rasha Ivan Pavlov, marubuta Mikhail Bulgakov da Vladimir Nabokov.
19. Idan akwai masu tarawa, dole ne a sami kasuwar butterflies, amma adadi na tallace-tallace sun yi karanci. An ambaci cewa a cikin 2006, a ɗaya daga cikin gwanjo na Amurka, an sayar da malam buɗe ido a kan dala dubu 28. A kaikaice, ana iya nuna farashin malam buɗe ido ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa ana kashe mutane da yawa a cikin dazuzzuka na Arewacin da Amurka ta Tsakiya kowace shekara suna farautar baƙon fata.
20. A daya daga cikin bikin tunawa da shi, marigayi shugaban Korea Kim Il Sung ya sami zanen da aka hada da butterflies miliyan da yawa. Duk da salon soyayya na kisan, sojoji ne suka kirkiro zane kuma aka kira shi "Bangaskiyar Sojan Soja".
