Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (babu Kataev) (1903-1987) - Masanin lissafi dan Rasha da Soviet, daya daga cikin manyan masana lissafi na karni na 20. Aya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ka'idar yiwuwar zamani.
Kolmogorov ya sami nasarar kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin ilimin lissafi, topology, makanikai da kuma a fagage da dama na ilimin lissafi. Bugu da kari, shi ne marubucin kirkirarrun ayyuka a kan tarihi, falsafa, hanya da ilimin lissafi.
A cikin tarihin Andrei Kolmogorov, akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa, wanda za mu gaya muku game da wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Andrei Kolmogorov.
Tarihin rayuwar Andrey Kolmogorov
An haifi Andrey Kolmogorov a ranar 12 ga Afrilu (25), 1903 a Tambov. Mahaifiyarsa, Maria Kolmogorova, ta mutu yayin haihuwa.
Mahaifin masanin lissafi na nan gaba, Nikolai Kataev, masanin kimiyyar noma ne. Ya kasance daga cikin Masu Juyin Juya Hali na Gaskiya, sakamakon haka daga baya aka tura shi lardin Yaroslavl, inda ya sadu da matar da zai aura.
Yara da samari
Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa, 'yan uwanta mata suka haifa Andrei. Lokacin da yaron bai kai shekara 7 ba, Vera Kolmogorova ta ɗauke shi, ɗayan mahaifiyarsa uwarsa.
An kashe mahaifin Andrei a shekara ta 1919 yayin yaƙin Denikin. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, dan uwan mahaifinsa, Ivan Kataev, shahararren masanin tarihi ne wanda ya buga littafin tarihin Rasha. 'Yan makaranta sunyi karatun tarihi ta amfani da wannan littafin na dogon lokaci.
A cikin 1910, ɗan shekara 7 Andrey ya zama ɗaliban gidan motsa jiki na Moscow mai zaman kansa. A wannan lokacin na tarihin sa, ya fara nuna kwarewar lissafi.
Kolmogorov ya ƙirƙira matsalolin lissafi iri-iri, kuma ya nuna sha'awar ilimin zamantakewa da tarihi.
Lokacin da Andrei ya cika shekaru 17, ya shiga Sashin Lissafi na Jami'ar Moscow. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin 'yan makonni bayan ya shiga jami'a, ya sami nasarar cin jarabawar gaba ɗaya.
A cikin shekarar karatu ta biyu, Kolmogorov ya sami damar karɓar kilo 16 na burodi da kilo 1 na man shanu kowane wata. A wancan lokacin, wannan wani abin farin ciki ne wanda ba a taɓa yin sa ba.
Godiya ga irin wadataccen abincin nan, Andrey yana da ƙarin lokacin yin karatu.
Ayyukan kimiyya
A cikin 1921, wani gagarumin taron ya faru a cikin biography Andrei Kolmogorov. Ya yi nasarar karyata ɗaya daga cikin maganganun masanin lissafin Soviet Nikolai Luzin, wanda ya yi amfani da shi don tabbatar da ka'idar Cauchy.
Bayan wannan, Andrei ya sami bincike a fagen jerin abubuwan trigonometric kuma a cikin ka'idar saiti mai siffantawa. Sakamakon haka, Luzin ya gayyaci ɗalibin zuwa Lusitania, makarantar lissafi da Luzin da kansa ya kafa.
A shekara mai zuwa, Kolmogorov ya gina misali na jerin Fourier wanda ya bambanta kusan ko'ina. Wannan aikin ya zama ainihin abin sha'awa ga duk duniyar kimiyya. A sakamakon haka, sunan matashin lissafi mai shekaru 19 ya shahara a duniya.
Ba da daɗewa ba, Andrei Kolmogorov ya zama mai sha'awar ilimin lissafi. Ya sami damar tabbatar da cewa duk jumlolin da aka sani na dabaru na yau da kullun, tare da wata fassarar, sun juya zuwa jumloli na azanci.
Sannan Kolmogorov ya zama mai sha'awar ka'idar yiwuwar, kuma sakamakon haka, dokar adadi mai yawa. Tsawon shekaru da dama, tambayoyin tabbatar da doka sun damu da hankalin manyan masana lissafi na wancan lokacin.
A cikin 1928 Andrey ya yi nasarar bayyana da tabbatar da yanayin dokar adadi mai yawa.
Bayan shekaru 2, an tura matashin masanin kimiyya zuwa Faransa da Jamus, inda ya sami damar ganawa da manyan masana lissafi.
Komawa zuwa mahaifarsa, Kolmogorov ya fara zurfin nazarin ilimin halayyar mutum. Duk da haka, har zuwa ƙarshen zamaninsa, yana da babbar sha'awar ka'idar yiwuwar.
A cikin 1931, an nada Andrei Nikolaevich farfesa a Jami'ar Jihar ta Moscow, kuma bayan shekaru huɗu ya zama likita na kimiyyar jiki da lissafi.
A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, Kolmogorov ya yi aiki sosai kan ƙirƙirar Manyan Encyclopedias na andananan da Sovietananan Soviet. A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa kan ilimin lissafi, sannan kuma ya shirya labaran wasu mawallafa.
A jajibirin yakin duniya na biyu (1941-1945), an ba Andrei Kolmogorov lambar yabo ta Stalin saboda aikin da ya yi kan ka'idar bazuwar lambobi.
Bayan yakin, masanin ya zama mai sha'awar matsalolin rudani. Ba da daɗewa ba, a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, aka ƙirƙiri dakin gwaje-gwaje na musamman game da rikicewar yanayi a Cibiyar Nazarin Geoasa.
Daga baya Kolmogorov, tare da Sergei Fomin, sun buga littafin littattafai na Ka'idar Ayyuka da Nazarin Aiki. Littafin ya shahara sosai har aka fassara shi zuwa harsuna da yawa.
Sannan Andrey Nikolaevich ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga haɓaka injiniyoyin samaniya, tsarukan tsarin, ka'idar yiwuwar abubuwa masu tsari da ka'idar algorithms.
A cikin 1954 Kolmogorov ya gabatar da gabatarwa a cikin Netherlands a kan taken "Babban ka'idar tsarin tsayayyar aiki da kuma injiniyoyi na gargajiya". Ayyukansa sun kasance sananne ne a matsayin taron duniya.
A cikin ka'idar tsarin tsarkewa, wani masanin lissafi ya kirkiro ka'idar ka'idar canzawa, wanda daga baya Arnold da Moser suka inganta shi. Don haka, ka'idar Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser ta bayyana.
Rayuwar mutum
A cikin 1942, Kolmogorov ya auri abokin karatunsa Anna Egorova. Ma'auratan sun rayu tsawon shekaru 45 tare.
Andrei Nikolaevich ba shi da 'ya'ya na kansa. Iyalin Kolmogorov sun goyi bayan ɗan Egorova, Oleg Ivashev-Musatov. A nan gaba, yaron zai bi hanyoyin mahaifinsa kuma ya zama sanannen masanin lissafi.
Wasu masanan tarihin Kolmogorov sunyi imanin cewa yana da daidaitaccen tsari. An ba da rahoton cewa ana zargin ya yi lalata da malamin jami'ar Jihar ta Moscow Pavel Alexandrov.
Mutuwa
Har zuwa karshen kwanakinsa, Kolmogorov yayi aiki a jami'a. A shekarun karshe na rayuwarsa, ya yi fama da cutar Parkinson, wacce ke ci gaba da bunkasa kowace shekara.
Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1987 a Moscow, yana da shekara 84.
Hoto daga Andrey Kolmogorov
