Zarathushtrawanda aka fi sani da Zarathustra - wanda ya kafa Zoroastrianism (Mazdeism), firist kuma annabi, wanda aka ba shi Wahayin Ahura-Mazda a cikin hanyar Avesta - littafi mai tsarki na Zoroastrianism.
Tarihin rayuwar Zarathustra cike yake da abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa daga rayuwarsa da ta addini.
Don haka, ga takaitaccen tarihin rayuwar Zarathustra.
Tarihin rayuwar Zarathustra
An haifi Zarathustra a Rades, wanda shine ɗayan tsoffin biranen Iran.
Ba a san takamaiman ranar haihuwar Zarathustra ba. An yi imani cewa an haife shi ne a ƙarshen ƙarni na 7 zuwa 6. BC. Koyaya, nazarin Ghats (babban ɓangare na tsarkakakkun matani na Zoroastrian) ya bayyana zamanin aikin annabi zuwa ƙarni na 12-10. BC.
Theasar Zarathustra kuma tana haifar da rikici tsakanin masu rubutun tarihin sa. Daban-daban kafofin sun danganta shi ga Farisawa, Indiyawa, Helenawa, Assuriyawa, Kaldiyawa, har ma da yahudawa.
Da yawa daga cikin masanan tarihin Musulmai na zamanin da, sun dogara ne da tsoffin kafofin Zoroastrian, sun nuna cewa an haifi Zarathustra a Atropatena, a yankin ƙasar Iran ta Azerbaijan ta zamani.
Yara da samari
Dangane da Ghats (waƙoƙin waƙoƙin addini na annabi 17) Zarathustra ta fito ne daga tsohuwar firistoci. Baya ga shi, iyayensa - mahaifin Porushaspa da mahaifiyarsa Dugdova, suna da ƙarin 'ya'ya maza huɗu.
Ba kamar 'yan uwansa ba, lokacin haihuwa Zarathustra ba ta yi kuka ba, sai dai ta yi dariya, ta halaka aljannu 2000 da dariyarsa. Aƙalla abin da tsoffin littattafai ke faɗi kenan.
Kamar yadda yake a al'adance, ana yiwa jariri wanka da fitsarin saniya sannan a sakashi a fatar tunkiya.
Tun yana ƙarami, ana zargin Zarathustra da aikata al'ajibai da yawa, wanda ya haifar da hassada ga baƙin duhu. Waɗannan sojojin sun yi ƙoƙari sau da yawa don kashe yaron, amma hakan bai yiwu ba, saboda ikon Allah ya kiyaye shi.
Sunan annabi sananne ne sosai a lokacin. A ma'ana ta zahiri, ma'anarta - "ma'abocin tsohon rakumi."
A shekara 7, an nada Zarathustra a matsayin firist. Wani abin ban sha'awa shine cewa an yada koyarwar ne da baki, tunda a wancan lokacin Iraniyawa basu da rubutaccen yare.
Yaron yana cikin karatun hadisai da haddar mantras da suka rage daga kakanninsu. Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 15, Zarathustra ya zama mantran - mai tattara mantras. Ya tsara waƙoƙin addini da waƙoƙi tare da baiwa ta waƙa.
Annabi
Zamanin Zarathustra ana ɗaukarsa lokaci ne na lalacewar ɗabi'a. Bayan haka, a wurare daban-daban, yaƙe-yaƙe sun auku, kuma ana yin mugayen hadayu da ruhaniya.
Shirka (Shirka) ta mamaye yankin kasar Iran. Mutane suna bautar abubuwa daban-daban na halitta, amma ba da daɗewa ba abubuwa da yawa suka canza. A maimakon shirka, Zarathustra ya kawo imani ga Ubangiji Mai hikima - Ahura Mazda.
A cewar tsofaffin matani, yana da shekara 20, Zarathustra ya daina yawan sha'awar jiki, yana yanke shawarar yin rayuwar kirki. Tsawon shekaru 10, ya zagaya duniya neman wahayin Allah.
Zarathustra ya sami wahayi lokacin yana ɗan shekara 30. Hakan ya faru wata rana lokacin bazara lokacin da ya tafi neman ruwa a kogi.
Da zarar ya hau tekun, sai mutumin ya ga wata halitta mai haske. Ganin ya kira shi tare kuma ya haifar da wasu mutane masu haske.
Babban a cikin waɗannan mutane masu haske shine Ahura-Mazda, wanda Zarathustra ta yi shelar Mahalicci, wanda ya kira shi ya yi aiki. Bayan wannan lamarin, annabin ya fara gaya wa hisan uwansa alkawalin allansa.
Zoroastrianism ya zama sananne a kowace rana. Ba da daɗewa ba ya bazu zuwa Afghanistan, Asiya ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Kazakhstan.
Sabuwar koyarwar ta kirayi mutane zuwa ga adalci da ƙin kowane irin mugunta. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a lokaci guda, Addinin Zoroastrian bai hana al'adu da hadayu ba.
Koyaya, 'yan ƙasar ta Zarathustra sun kasance masu shakka game da koyarwarsa. 'Yan Mediya (Iran ta yamma) sun yanke shawarar ba za su canza addininsu ba, suna korar annabin daga kasashensu.
Bayan hijirarsa, Zarathustra yawo cikin gari daban-daban tsawon shekaru 10, galibi yana fuskantar matsaloli masu wuya. Ya sami martani ga wa'azinsa a gabashin kasar.
Shugaban Aryeshayana ya karɓi Zarathustra cikin girmamawa - jihar da ta mamaye yankin Turkmenistan da Afghanistan na zamani. Bayan lokaci, ka'idojin Ahura Mazda, tare da wa'azin annabi, an kama su akan fatun bijimai 12,000.
An yanke shawarar sanya babban littafin mai tsarki, Avesta, a cikin taskar masarauta. Zarathustra da kansa ya ci gaba da zama a cikin kogo da ke cikin tsaunukan Bukhara.
Ana ɗaukar Zarathustra annabi na farko wanda ya faɗi game da kasancewar sama da jahannama, game da tashin matattu bayan mutuwa da hukunci na ƙarshe. Yayi jayayya cewa ceton kowane mutum ya dogara da ayyukansa, maganganunsa da tunaninsa.
Koyarwar annabi game da gwagwarmaya tsakanin tasirin nagarta da mugunta yana maimaita ayoyin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da ra'ayoyin Plato. A lokaci guda, Zoroastrianism ya kasance yana da imani da tsarkin abubuwan halitta da yanayin rayuwa, kamar halittun Ahura-Mazda, sabili da haka buƙatar kulawa da su.
A yau, al'ummomin Zoroastrian sun wanzu a Iran (Gebras) da Indiya (Parsis). Hakanan, saboda ƙaura daga ƙasashen biyu, al'ummomi sun ci gaba a Amurka da Yammacin Turai. A halin yanzu, akwai kimanin mutane 100,000 a duniya waɗanda ke yin addinin Zoroastrianism.
Rayuwar mutum
Akwai mata 3 a tarihin rayuwar Zarathustra. A karo na farko da ya auri bazawara, dayan kuma sau biyu ya auri budurwai.
Bayan saduwa da Ahura Mazda, mutumin ya sami yarjejeniya, wanda duk wani mutum dole ne ya bar zuriya. In ba haka ba, za a ɗauke shi mai zunubi kuma ba zai ga farin ciki a rayuwa ba. Yara suna ba da rashin mutuwa har zuwa hukuncin ƙarshe.
Gwauruwar ta haifi Zarathushtra 'ya'ya maza 2 - Urvatat-nara da Hvara-chitra. Da ya balaga, na farko ya fara noma ƙasar kuma ya shiga kiwo, na biyun kuma ya ɗauki al'amuran soja.
Daga wasu matan, Zarathushtra tana da 'ya'ya huɗu: ɗan Isad-vastra, wanda daga baya ya zama babban firist na addinin Zoroastrianism, da' ya'ya mata 3: Freni, Triti da Poruchista.
Mutuwa
Wanda ya kashe Zarathustra ya zama wani Brotheran’uwa-resh Tur. Abin mamaki, a karo na farko ya so ya kashe annabi na gaba tun yana jariri. Wanda ya kashe ya sake gwadawa bayan shekaru 77, tuni dattijo mai rauni.
Brotheran’uwa-resh Tur ya yi shuru zuwa gidan Zarathustra lokacin da yake addu’a. Yayin da yake shiga cikin wanda aka azabtar daga baya, sai ya sa takobi a bayan mai wa'azin, kuma a lokacin ya mutu da kansa.
Zarathustra ya hango mummunan tashin hankali, sakamakon haka ya shirya ta tsawon kwanaki 40 na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa.
Malaman addini sun ba da shawarar cewa bayan lokaci, kwana arba’in na addu’ar annabi ya rikide zuwa kwanaki 40 bayan rasuwa a addinai daban-daban. A cikin addinai da yawa, akwai koyarwar cewa ran mamaci ya kasance cikin duniyar ɗan adam har tsawon kwanaki arba'in bayan mutuwa.
Ba a san takamaiman ranar da Zarathustra ya mutu ba. An yi imanin cewa ya mutu a ƙarshen ƙarni na 1500-1000. Zarathustra ya rayu gaba ɗaya tsawon shekaru 77.
