Daya daga cikin “Taro bakwai” na duniya da Turai, mahaifar hawan tsaunukan Rasha ita ce Dutsen Elbrus - Makka don masu tseren dusar kankara, masu ba da kyauta, ‘yan wasa da ke hawan gangare. Tare da horo na jiki da kayan aiki masu dacewa, babban dutsen yana yiwa kusan kowa biyayya. Ya cika kogunan Arewacin Caucasus da narkewar ruwa mai ba da rai.
Yankin Dutsen Elbrus
A yankin da iyakar masarautar Karachay-Cherkess da Kabardino-Balkarian ta ke, "tsaunin tsaunuka dubu" ya tashi. Don haka ana kiran Elbrus a cikin yaren Karachai-Balkarian. Atesididdigar yanayin yankin:
- latitude da longitude: 43 ° 20'45 ″ N sh., 42 ° 26'55 ″ a. da sauransu;
- Kogin Yamma da Gabas ya kai 5642 da 5621 m sama da matakin teku.
Kololuwa suna nesa da tazarar kilomita uku daga juna. A ƙasa tsakanin su, a tsawan 5416 m, sirdin yana gudana, daga inda aka ci nasara da ɓangaren ƙarshe na hawan.
Halaye na yanayin yanayi
Shekarun da aka kafa ƙato ya fi shekaru miliyan 1. Ya kasance dutsen mai fitad da wuta ne. A halin yanzu ba a san halin da yake ciki ba. Ruwan ma'adanai masu zafi har zuwa + 60 ° C, suna bulbulowa daga duwatsu, sun bada shaidar dutsen da ke daddawa na ɗan lokaci. Fashewa ta karshe ita ce a shekara ta 50 Miladiyya. e.
Yanayin tsaunin yana da yanayi mara kyau. A lokacin sanyi, yanayin zafi yakan sauka daga -10 ° C a ƙasa zuwa -25 ° C a kusa da 2500 m, a saman zuwa -40 ° C. Tsananin zubar dusar kankara ba bakon abu bane akan Elbrus.
A lokacin rani, ƙasa da tsayin 2500 m, iska tana zafi har zuwa + 10 ° C. A 4200 m, yanayin zafi na Yuli yana ƙasa da 0 ° C. Yanayi anan bashi da kwanciyar hankali: sau da yawa rana mai nutsuwa cike da rana ana maye gurbin ta da mummunan yanayi tare da dusar ƙanƙara da iska. Dutse mafi tsayi a cikin Rasha yana haskakawa a ranakun rana. A cikin mummunan yanayi, ana lullubeshi a cikin hazo mai duhu na gajimaren gajimare.
Saukowar tsaunuka na yankin Elbrus - kwazazzabai, wuraren ajiyar duwatsu, rafuka masu ƙyalƙyali, kogin ruwa. Bayan alamar 3500 m akan Dutsen Elbrus, karscial kars tare da tabkuna, gangara tare da moraine mai haɗari, kuma ana lura da duwatsu masu motsi da yawa. Jimlar tsarin yanayin glacial shine 145 km 145.
A 5500 m, matsin yanayi yana da 380 mm Hg, rabin wannan a duniya.
A takaice game da tarihin mamaya
Farkon balaguron kimiyya na Rasha zuwa Elbrus an shirya shi a 1829. Mahalarta taron ba su kai ga taron ba, jagora ne kawai ya ci nasara. Shekaru 45 bayan haka, ƙungiyar Ingilishi tare da taimakon jagora sun hau kan tsaunin yamma na mafi girman tsauni a Turai. Wani mai binciken sojan Rasha mai suna Pastukhov ne ya fara kirkiro taswirar yankin, wanda ya hau kololuwar biyu ba tare da rakiyar su ba. A tsawon shekarun mulkin Soviet, ƙasar ta haɓaka hawan wasanni, mamaye kogin Caucasus lamari ne mai daraja.
Dutsen Elbrus mai dusar ƙanƙara, mai sanyi ba ya tsoratar da masu sha'awar. Suna yin hutunsu ba a bakin rairayin bakin teku ba, amma suna kan hanyarsu zuwa wani tsaiko da aka kaita domin su zama masu ƙarfi da dawwama. Akwai sanannen labari game da Balkarian Akhiy Sattaev, wanda ya yi hawa 9 har zuwa kololuwa, na ƙarshe yana da shekara 121.
Kayan more rayuwa, gudun kan kankara
Hadadden abubuwan more rayuwa da aiyuka an inganta shi sosai a gefen kudu na Elbrus, inda akwai kilomita 12 na motocin kebul, otal-otal, wuraren saukar da jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu. Hanyoyin da ke gefen kudu suna da ƙananan shinge, kusan ba sa hana motsi kyauta. Akwai dagawa a kan manyan hanyoyi. Jimlar tsawon gangaren kilomita 35 ne. Akwai waƙoƙi don ƙwararrun 'yan wasa da masu farawa.
Akwai makarantar wasan motsa jiki da kuma kayan wasan motsa jiki. Hawan gangaren ta masu gyaran dusar ƙanƙara (takaddun alpine) an shirya Freeriders ana saukar da su ta hanyar saukar ungulu zuwa kan gangaren budurwa, daga inda suke sauka da sauri sosai.
Lokacin tseren kan kankara ya fara ne a tsakiyar Nuwamba kuma ya kasance har zuwa Afrilu. Wani lokacin dusar ƙanƙara tana kwance sosai a kan gangaren tsaunin Elbrus mafi girma har zuwa Mayu. Akwai zaɓaɓɓun yankuna don yan kankara a duk shekara. Dombay (1600-3050 m) shine mafi kyaun gani da martaba wurin shakatawa na Rasha. Yawancin 'yan wasan tsere sun fi son gangaren Cheget, wanda ke adawa da gangaren kan Turai. Daga tashar kallo, masu yawon bude ido suna jin daɗin ra'ayoyi game da yanayin da ke kewaye da su, shakatawa a cikin cafe mai bautar "Ay", inda bard Y. Vizbor ya saba ziyarta.
Ana ba masu yawon bude ido jiragen sama, suna hawa kan kankara. Ratracks za a ɗaga zuwa tuddai mai tsayi don nuna fasalin Caucasus. Hotuna da hotunan yankin suna isar da kyakkyawan yanayin yanayin shimfidar wuri. A ƙasan dutsen, wuraren shakatawa, gidajen cin abinci, ɗakunan bil'adama, saunas suna gaishe masu yawon bude ido.
Bayanin fasalin hawan dutse
Ko da 'yan kwanaki a cikin yanayi mai tsaunuka jarabawa ce mai wahala ga mutumin da ba shi da shiri. Yana da kyau masu farawa su fara hanya mai wahala sama a tsakiyar bazara daga gangaren kudu ƙarƙashin jagorancin ƙwararren jagora. Yarda da sharuɗɗan haɓaka, ana buƙatar kasancewar kayan aikin da ake buƙata. Lokacin hawan yana daga Mayu zuwa Satumba, wani lokacin har zuwa farkon Oktoba.
An haɓaka hanyoyi na hanyoyi daban-daban akan Elbrus. Daga kudu, yan yawon bude ido suna daukar motar kebul na wani bangare na hawan. Tare da ci gaba da hawa, an shirya balaguron balaguro zuwa kusa da tsayi.
Don nishaɗi, an shirya masauki a kan kankara, alal misali, wajan keɓaɓɓun-matsugunai "Bochki" (3750 m) ko kuma otal ɗin da ke da kyau "Liprus" (3912 m). Huta a babban otal mai hawa "Priyut 11" (4100 m) da kuma hawan hawa zuwa Tashar Pastukhov (4700 m) yana ƙarfafa jiki, shirya masu yawon buɗe ido don yanke hukunci mai tsauri.
Hanyar arewa ta fi ta kudu wuya, tana da tsayi da tsayi a kan lokaci. Yana gudana zuwa taron gabashin ta hanyar Lenz Rocks (4600-5200 m). Kusan babu sabis a nan, amma adrenaline, matsananci, keɓaɓɓun shimfidar wurare na Caucasian ba tare da alamun wayewa ba. Ana tsayawa a Tsugunnin Arewa. Hawan yana wucewa ta cikin "namomin kaza" da maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓuka na hanyar Dzhily-Su (2500 m) tare da ramin narzan, wanda ake amfani dashi a lokacin bazara don wanka don wanka.
Muna baka shawara ka kalli Himalayas.
Athletesan wasa masu ƙarfi ne kawai suka shawo kan hawan dutse tare da kwararar Akcheryakol.
Balaguro zuwa Dutsen Elbrus
Kwararrun jagorori da kamfanoni suna ba da sabis ga masu yawon buɗe ido da ke son hawa kololuwa lafiya, ba su cikakken bayanin. Dole ne mahalarta hawan su tuna cewa Dutsen Elbrus ya gabatar da abubuwan al'ajabi a cikin sifofin abubuwan ban sha'awa na yanayi:
- mummunan yanayi - sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara, iska, rashin gani sosai;
- siraran iska, rashin isashshen oxygen;
- cutarwa ultraviolet radiation;
- kasancewar iskar gas.
Ana sa ran masu yawon bude ido su yi yawo da jakarka mai nauyi, su kwana cikin tantuna masu sanyi, kuma ba su da abubuwan more rayuwa. Ikon yin amfani da gatarin kankara, tafiya a cikin lami kan filin kankara, da yin biyayya ga horo zai zo da sauki. Wajibi ne don tantance ƙarfin, yanayin lafiyar don kauce wa yanayin da ba a zata ba.
Yadda ake zuwa can
Gidan shakatawa na Stavropol yana da dogo na yau da kullun da haɗin iska tare da biranen Rasha. Daga nan zuwa ƙananan motocin jigila na yankin, hanyar tasi suna bi, ana ba da hayar mota. Ana ba da ƙungiyoyin yawon shakatawa tare da canja wuri.
Jirgin kasa yakan tashi zuwa Nalchik daga tashar jirgin kasa ta Moscow Kazansky. Tafiya tana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 34. Daga St.Petersburg jirgin yana zuwa Mineralnye Vody ne kawai.
Motocin yau da kullun daga Moscow suna zuwa Nalchik da Mineralnye Vody, waɗanda aka haɗa ta sabis na bas zuwa tudu.
Ana tashi daga Moscow zuwa Nalchik da Mineralnye Vody, daga St.Petersburg zuwa Nalchik - tare da canja wuri.
