Leonid Osipovich Utesov (ainihin suna Li'azaru (Ysan ruwa) Iosifovich Weisbein; jinsi 1895) - Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha da Soviet da dan fim, mawaƙin pop, mai karatu, madugu, madugun makaɗa, mai ba da nishaɗi. Mawallafin Mutane na USSR (1965), wanda ya zama farkon mawaƙin mawaki da aka ba shi wannan taken.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin Utesov, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Leonid Utesov.
Tarihin rayuwar Utesov
An haifi Leonid Utesov a ranar 10 ga Maris (22), 1895 a Odessa. Ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin dan karamin dan kasuwa (a cewar wasu kafofin, mai gabatar da tashar jiragen ruwa) Osip Kelmanovich da matarsa Malka Moiseevna. An haife ɗan wasan na gaba tare da 'yar'uwa biyu masu suna Perlya.
Leonid (Li'azaru) yana da 'yan'uwa maza da mata 8, huɗu daga cikinsu ba su rayu don ganin yawancinsu ba. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 9, iyayensa sun tura ɗansu zuwa makarantar kasuwanci ta GF Faig.
A cewar dan wasan da kansa, an kore shi daga makarantar ilimi saboda rikici da malamin ilimin addini. Lokacin da malamin yayi tsokaci ga Utyosov, sai ya bata kayansa da alli da tawada. Kusan a daidai wannan lokacin na tarihin sa, ya fara karatun kide da goge.
Farawa mafi kyau
Bayan ya kai shekara 15, saurayin ya fara aikinsa na zane-zane a cikin babban babba, inda ya yi kidan guitar, ya rikide ya zama abin alfahari har ma ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na acrobatic. A lokacin ne ya ɗauki sunan ɓacin sunan "Leonid Utesov", wanda a ƙarƙashinsa ya zama sananne a duk duniya.
Mutumin ya bukaci sunan begen ne bisa ga bukatar gudanarwa. Sannan ya yanke shawarar fito da sunan mahaifa don kansa, wanda ba wanda ya taɓa jin sa. A shekara ta 1912 an shigar da shi ƙungiyar masu wasan kwaikwayo na Kremenchug Theater of Miniatures, kuma a shekara ta gaba ya shiga ƙungiyar Odessa ta K. G. Rozanov.
Bayan haka, Utyosov ya yi rawar gani a matakan yawancin silima har sai da aka sa shi cikin sojoji. Da ya dawo gida, ya ɗauki matsayi na 1 a gasar ma'aurata a Gomel.
Jin jin yarda da kansa, Leonid ya tafi Moscow, inda ya sami damar tattara ƙaramin ƙungiyar makaɗa da yin ta tare da shi a cikin lambun Hermitage. A lokacin yakin basasa, ya zagaya garuruwa daban-daban, yana wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya a cikin wasanni.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, bisa ga maganganun wasu masu rubutun tarihin, majiɓincin Leonid Utesov shine sanannen shugaban masu aikata laifuka - Mishka Yaponchik. Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin ɗayan littattafan tarihin kansa, ɗan wasan ya yi magana mai daɗi game da Yaponchik.
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai
A fagen wasan kwaikwayo, Utyosov ya fara yin wasan yana matashi. A lokacin rayuwarsa, ya taka rawar gani kusan 20, ya canza zuwa wasu haruffa. A lokaci guda, matsayin a cikin operettas ya kasance mai sauƙi a gare shi.
Leonid ya fito a babban allo a shekara ta 1917, yana wasa lauya Zarudny a fim din Rayuwa da Mutuwar Laftanar Schmidt. Bayan shekaru 5, masu kallo sun ganshi a cikin sifar Petliura a cikin zanen Gidan Ciniki "Antanta da Co".
Gaskiya shahara ta zo gare shi a cikin 1934, bayan ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa "Merry Guys", wanda Lyubov Orlova mara kyau ya kuma yi fice.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a fara fim ɗin, don waƙoƙi masu raɗaɗi na siyasa da raha da waƙoƙi, marubutan fim ɗinsa - Nikolai Erdman da Vladimir Mass an tura su gudun hijira, sakamakon haka an cire sunayensu daga alamun.
A lokacin Yaƙin Patasa na (asa (1941-1945), Leonid Utyosov sau da yawa ya yi rangadi tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙarsa a garuruwa daban-daban don ɗaga ruhun faɗa na sojojin Soviet. A cikin 1942 kide-kide "Concert to the Front" ya shahara sosai, inda ya yi wakoki da yawa. Sannan an bashi taken "Mai martaba mai fasaha na RSFSR".
A cikin 1954 Utyosov ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo "Bikin Auren Azurfa". A hanyar, mutumin ya nuna sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo fiye da silima. A saboda wannan dalili, yawancin fina-finai tare da sa hannun sa suna shirin fim ne.
A cikin 1981, saboda matsalolin zuciya, Leonid Osipovich ya yanke shawarar barin matakin. A cikin wannan shekarar, an yi fim ɗin talabijin na ƙarshe - "Kewaye da Dariya" tare da sa hannun mai zane.
Waƙa
Mutane da yawa suna tuna Leonid Utyosov da farko a matsayin mawaƙin mawaƙa, mai iya yin waƙoƙi ta nau'ikan daban-daban daga jazz zuwa soyayya. A cikin 1928 ya yi sa'a ya ziyarci Paris don wasan kidan jazz.
Utyosov ya burge sosai saboda wasan kwaikwayon kungiyar makada har ya zuwa Leningrad ya kafa nasa "Tea-Jazz". Ba da daɗewa ba ya gabatar da shirin jazz na wasan kwaikwayo bisa ayyukan Ishaku Dunaevsky.
Abin birgewa ne cewa masu sauraro na iya ganin kusan duk mawaƙa na ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Leonid Osipovich a cikin "Merry Fellows". A cikin wannan kaset din ne shahararren waƙar "Zuciya" ta ɗan wasan kwaikwayon ya yi, wanda har yau ana iya jinsa lokaci-lokaci a rediyo da Talabijin.
A cikin 1937 Utyosov ya gabatar da wani sabon shiri "Wakokin Mahaifiyar Mahaifiyata", inda ya damka wa 'yarsa Edith yin waka a kungiyar makada. Bayan wasu shekaru, ya zama mawaƙin Soviet na farko da ya fara yin fim a bidiyo. A lokacin shekarun yakin, shi, tare da kungiyar, sun yi rawar soja-masu kishin kasa.
A farkon shekarun 50, Edith ya yanke shawarar barin fagen, kuma bayan shekaru 10, Leonid Utesov da kansa ya bi misalinta. A tsawon shekarun tarihinsa na kirkire kirkire, ya yi daruruwan waƙoƙi, ya zama a cikin Artist People of 1964 na USSR.
Mafi shahararrun sune irin abubuwanda aka tsara kamar "Daga Odessa kichman", "Bublikki", "Gop tare da rufewa", "A Bahar Maliya", "windows windows", "Odessa Mishka" da sauransu da yawa. Faya-fayan hotunan zababbun waƙoƙin ya ƙunshi sama da faya-fayai goma.
Rayuwar mutum
Matar hukuma ta farko ta Utesov ita ce ’yar fim Elena Iosifovna Goldina (wanda kuma aka fi sani da suna Elena Lenskaya), wanda ya halatta dangantaka da shi a shekara ta 1914. A cikin wannan ƙungiyar, an haifi’ yar Edith.
Ma'auratan sun zauna tare tsawon shekaru 48, har zuwa mutuwar Elena Iosifovna a shekarar 1962. A wannan lokacin a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Leonid ya dade yana da kusanci da dan wasan mai suna Antonina Revels na tsawon lokaci, wanda a 1982 ya zama matarsa ta biyu.
Hakan ya faru ne cewa Utesov ya tsallake da ‘yarsa Edith, wacce ta mutu a 1982. Matar da ta yi sanadin mutuwa ita ce cutar sankarar bargo. A cewar wasu majiyoyi, Leonid Osipovich yana da ‘ya’ya shege daga mata daban-daban, amma babu tabbatattun hujjojin da ke tabbatar da irin wadannan maganganun.
Mutuwa
Leonid Utesov ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Maris, 1982 yana da shekara 86, bayan ya fi 'yarsa tsawon wata ɗaya da rabi. Bayan kansa, ya bar littattafan tarihin rayuwar mutum 5, inda ya bayyana lokuta daban-daban na rayuwarsa ta sirri da kere kere.
Hotunan Utesov
