Eugene Onegin

"Eugene Onegin" - labari a cikin baiti daga babban mawaƙin Rasha Alexander Pushkin, wanda aka rubuta a cikin 1823-1830. Daya daga cikin fitattun ayyukan adabin Rasha. An ruwaito labarin ne a madadin wani marubucin da ba a sani ba, wanda ya gabatar da kansa a matsayin abokin kirki na Onegin.

A cikin littafin, a kan bangon hotunan rayuwar Rasha, an nuna alƙallar ban mamaki na wakilan masarautar Rasha ta farkon karni na 19.

Akwai tarihin gaskiya mai yawa na Eugene Onegin, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.

Don haka, a gabanku akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwar Onegin.

Rayuwar Eugene Onegin

Eugene Onegin jarumi ne na almara mai suna iri ɗaya a baiti, wanda marubucinsa Alexander Pushkin ne. Halin ya ɗauki matsayin ɗayan ɗayan haske da launuka iri daban daban na adabin gargajiya na Rasha.

A cikin halayensa, abubuwan ban mamaki, saɓo, da hangen nesa game da duniyar da ke kewaye da shi suna da alaƙa. Dangantakar Onegin da Tatyana Larina ta ba da damar fahimtar yanayin ɗan adam na gwarzo, yana mai bayyana rauni da ƙarfi.

Halin ƙirƙirar halayen

Pushkin ya fara rubuta aikin ne lokacin da yake gudun hijira a Chisinau. Ya yanke shawarar karkacewa daga al'adun soyayya, inda ya fara kirkirar "Eugene Onegin" a cikin salon zahiri. Aikin ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a cikin lokacin 1819-1825.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, shahararren mai sukar adabin nan Vissarion Belinsky ya kira labarin "wani kundin sani na rayuwar Rasha".

A cikin haruffa da dama da suka bayyana a cikin aikin, marubucin ya gabatar da gwaninta ga mutanen da ke cikin rukunin zamantakewar al'umma daban-daban: masu fada a ji, mai gida da kuma manoma, wadanda suka kasance halaye na farkon kwata na karni na 19.

Alexander Pushkin ya isar da yanayin wancan zamanin tare da daidaiton da ba za a iya tsammani ba, kuma ya mai da hankali sosai ga rayuwar yau da kullun.

Binciken "Eugene Onegin", mai karatu zai iya gano kusan komai game da wannan lokacin: yadda suka sanya sutura, abin da suke sha'awa, abin da sukayi magana da shi da kuma abin da mutane suke muradi.

Irƙirar aikinsa, mawaƙin ya so ya gabatar wa da jama'a irin yanayin rayuwar yau da kullun, wanda ya dace da kansa. A lokaci guda, Eugene Onegin ba baƙon ba ne ga jarumai masu son soyayya, "mutane masu girman kai", waɗanda rayuwa ta ɓata musu rai, suka yi baƙin ciki kuma suka kasance masu rauni.

Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa a nan gaba marubucin ya so ya sanya Onegin a matsayin mai goyon bayan motsi na mban wasa, amma, saboda tsoron takunkumi da yiwuwar fitina, ya kauce daga wannan ra'ayin. Pushkin yayi la'akari da kowane ɗayan halayen.

Masu sukar adabi suna samun halayen Eugene wasu kamanceceniya da siffofin Alexander Chaadaev, Alexander Griboyedov da marubucin kansa. Onegin wani nau'in hoto ne na gama gari a lokacinsa. Har zuwa yanzu, akwai tattaunawa mai zafi tsakanin masu sukar adabi game da ko jarumin baƙon "baƙi" ne kuma "mai wuce gona da iri" a zamanin ko kuwa ya kasance malalaci ne mai tunani don rayuwa don jin daɗinsa.

Don nau'ikan aikin waƙoƙi, Pushkin ya zaɓi takamaiman yanayi, wanda suka fara kira - "Onegin". Bugu da kari, mawakin ya gabatar da karin bayani game da waƙoƙi a kan batutuwa daban-daban a cikin littafin.

Ba daidai ba ne a ce marubucin "Eugene Onegin" ya bi wasu mahimman ra'ayi a cikin littafin - akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, tun da aikin ya shafi batutuwa da yawa.

Makoma da hoton Eugene Onegin

Tarihin rayuwar Onegin ya fara ne da gaskiyar cewa an haife shi ne a St. Petersburg, ba cikin mafi kyawun dangi masu daraja ba. Yayinda take yarinya, shugabar mata Madame ta tsunduma cikin tarbiyya, bayan haka kuma malamin Faransanci ya zama mai ba da shawara ga yaron, wanda ba ya cika ɗalibin da yawan karatu.

Irin wannan ilimin da tarbiyyar da Eugene ya karba ya isa ya bayyana a duniya a matsayin mutum mai "wayayyu kuma mai kyau". Tun daga ƙuruciyarsa, jarumin ya koyi "ilimin kimiya na sha'awar taushi." Shekarun da ya gabata na tarihin rayuwarsa suna cike da lamuran soyayya da rikice-rikice na duniya, wanda daga ƙarshe ya daina sha'awar sa.

A lokaci guda, Onegin saurayi ne wanda ya fahimci abubuwa da yawa game da salo. Pushkin ya bayyana shi a matsayin dan wasan Ingilishi, wanda a ofishinsa akwai "tsefe, fayilolin karfe, almakashi madaidaiciya, masu lankwasa da goge nau'ikan 30 na duka kusoshi da hakora."

Yin izgili game da lalatawar Eugene, mai ba da suna ya kwatanta shi da Venus mai iska. Saurayin yana jin daɗin zaman banza, halartar kwallaye daban-daban, wasanni da sauran abubuwan da suka faru.

Mahaifin Onegin, bayan ya tara dimbin bashi, a ƙarshe ya lalata dukiyar sa. Sabili da haka, wasiƙa daga kawun mai arziki da ke mutuwa yana kiran ɗan ɗan'uwansa zuwa ƙauyen ya zo da sauki. An bayyana wannan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa jarumi, sannan a cikin yanayi mara kyau, yana iya gwada sabon abu a rayuwa.

Lokacin da kawunsa ya mutu, Eugene Onegin ya zama magajin gidansa. Da farko, yana da sha'awar zama a ƙauyen, amma a rana ta uku rayuwar gida ta fara masa. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sadu da maƙwabcinsa Vladimir Lensky, wani mawaƙin soyayya wanda bai jima da dawowa daga Jamus ba.

Kodayake matasa cikakkun abokan gaba ne ga juna, abota ta haɓaka a tsakanin su. Koyaya, bayan ɗan lokaci, Onegin ya zama gundura kuma tare da kamfanin Lensky, wanda maganganunsa da ra'ayoyinsa suka zama abin ba'a gare shi.

A ɗaya daga cikin tattaunawar, Vladimir ya yarda da Eugene cewa yana ƙaunata da Olga Larina, sakamakon haka ya gayyaci abokinsa ya tafi tare da shi don ziyartar Larin. Kuma kodayake Onegin bai dogara da tattaunawa mai ban sha'awa ba tare da dangin ƙauyen, amma duk da haka ya yarda ya tafi tare da Lensky.

A yayin ziyarar, ya bayyana cewa Olga tana da kanwarta, Tatiana. Duk 'yan uwan biyu suna ba da ra'ayi mai rikicewa a cikin Eugene Onegin. Da ya dawo gida, ya gaya wa Vladimir cewa ya yi mamaki dalilin da ya sa yake son Olga. Ya kara da cewa banda kyawawan kamanninta, yarinyar ba ta da wasu kyawawan halaye.

Hakanan, Tatyana Larina ta taso da sha'awar Onegin, tunda ba ta yi kama da 'yan matan da zai tattauna da su ba a duniya. Ya kamata a lura cewa Tatiana ta ƙaunaci Eugene a farkon gani.

Yarinyar ta rubuta wasika karara zuwa ga masoyin nata, amma saurayin bai rama mata ba. Rayuwar dangi da aka auna baƙi ce ga Onegin, game da abin da yake magana a gaban kowa yayin tafiya ta biyu zuwa ga 'yar'uwarta Olga.

Bugu da kari, mai martaba ya ba da shawarar Tatiana ta koyi yadda za ta mallaki kanta, saboda mutum mara gaskiya zai iya kasancewa a wurinsa: "Ba kowane ɗayanku ba ne, kamar yadda na fahimta, ke haifar da bala'i".

Bayan wannan, Eugene ba ya sake zuwa Larins. A halin yanzu, ranar haihuwar Tatyana tana gabatowa. A jajibirin ranar suna, tayi mafarkin beyar da ta riske ta a cikin daji. Dabbar ta dauke ta zuwa gida, ta bar ta a bakin kofa.

A halin yanzu, ana yin bikin mugunta a cikin gida, inda Onegin kansa ke zaune a tsakiyar tebur. Kasancewar Tatiana ya zama bayyane ga baƙin da ke cikin nishaɗin - kowannensu yana mafarkin mallakar yarinyar. Nan da nan, duk mugayen ruhohin suka ɓace - Eugene da kansa ya jagoranci Larina zuwa benci.

A wannan lokacin, Vladimir da Olga sun shiga ɗakin, wanda ya sa Onegin fushi. Ya zaro wuƙa ya soka Lensky da shi. Mafarkin Tatiana ya zama annabci - ranar haihuwar ta alama ce ta al'amuran baƙin ciki.

Masu mallakar filaye daban-daban suna zuwa don ziyartar Larins, da Lensky da Onegin. Ba da daɗewa ba ya kamata a yi bikin Vladimir da Olga, sakamakon abin da ango ba zai iya jiran wannan taron ba. Eugene, ganin yadda Tatiana ke birgima, ya fusata kuma ya yanke shawarar nishaɗantar da kansa ta hanyar yin kwarkwasa da Olga.

A cikin Lenskoye, wannan yana haifar da kishi da fushi, sakamakon abin da ya ƙalubalanci Eugene ga duel. Onegin ya kashe Vladimir kuma ya yanke shawarar barin ƙauyen. Pushkin ya rubuta cewa a wancan lokacin a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, "Ingilishi dandy" yana da shekaru 26 da haihuwa.

Bayan shekaru 3, Eugene Onegin ya ziyarci St.Petersburg, inda ya sadu da Tatyana da ya riga ya yi aure. Ita matar janar ce, mai son zaman jama'a. Ba zato ba tsammani ga kansa, mutumin ya fahimci cewa yana soyayya da yarinya.

Ana maimaita abubuwan da suka faru a cikin yanayi mai kama da madubi - Onegin ya rubuta wasiƙa zuwa Tatyana, inda ya faɗi yadda yake ji. Yarinyar ba ta ɓoye gaskiyar cewa, kamar dā, tana ƙaunarta, amma ba za ta yaudari mijinta ba. Ta rubuta cewa: "Ina ƙaunarku (me yasa ya haɗu?), Amma an ba ni wani kuma zan kasance da aminci a gare shi har abada."

Anan ne yanki ya ƙare. Pushkin ya bar Eugene wanda ya karaya kuma ya yi ban kwana da mai karatu a cikin maganganu da yawa.

Eugene Onegin a al'adu

Wannan sabon labari ya zama abin jan hankali ga masu fasaha daban-daban. A cikin 1878 Pyotr Tchaikovsky ya kirkiro opera mai wannan sunan, wanda ya zama ɗayan shahararrun mutane a duniya. Sergei Prokofiev da Rodion Shchedrin sun tsara waƙa don wasanni bisa ga Eugene Onegin.

"Eugene Onegin" an yi fim sau da yawa a kan babban allon. Nunin mutum daya, inda mahimmin rawar da ya taka ga Dmitry Dyuzhev, ya zama sananne sosai. Jarumin ya karanta wasu bayanai daga littafin, wanda ya samu rakiyar kungiyar kade kade da wake-wake.

An fassara aikin a cikin sifar tattaunawar sirri tare da masu sauraro zuwa cikin harsuna 19.