Martin Bormann (1900-1945) - Bajamushe kuma ɗan siyasa, shugaban NSDAP Party Chancellery, sakataren sirri na Hitler (1943-1945), Shugaban Ma’aikata na Mataimakin Fuhrer (1933-1941) da Reichsleiter (1933-1945).
Kasancewa kusan ba shi da ilimi, ya zama mafi kusanci da Fuhrer, sakamakon haka ya sami laƙabi "inuwar Hitler" da "gwal mai launin toka ta mulkin mallaka na Uku."
A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II, ya sami babban tasiri a matsayin sakatare na sirri, yana kula da kwararar bayanai da samun damar Hitler.
Bormann yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara ƙuntata wa Kiristoci, yahudawa da Slav. Saboda wasu manyan laifuka akan bil'adama a Nuremberg Trials, an yanke masa hukuncin kisa a rashi ta ratayewa.
Akwai tarihin gaskiya da yawa na ban sha'awa na Bormann, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Martin Bormann.
Tarihin Bormann
An haifi Martin Bormann a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1900 a cikin garin Wegeleben na kasar ta Jamus. Ya girma kuma ya tashi a gidan Lutheran na Theodor Bormann, wanda ke aiki a gidan waya, da matarsa, Antonia Bernhardina Mennong.
Baya ga Martin, iyayensa suna da ɗa, Albert. Nazi kuma yana da ɗan uwa da 'yar'uwa daga mahaifinsa na baya.
Yara da samari
Bala'i na farko a cikin tarihin rayuwar Martin Bormann ya faru ne yana da shekara 3, lokacin da mahaifinsa ya mutu. Bayan haka, uwar ta sake yin aure ga wani karamin ma’aikacin banki. Daga baya, yaron ya fara karatun aikin gona a ɗayan yankunan.
A tsakiyar 1918, an kira Martin don yin aiki a cikin rundunonin manyan bindigogi. Ya kamata a lura cewa shi ba ya gaban, duk lokacin da ya rage a cikin rundunar.
Dawowa gida, Bormann yayi ɗan aiki a matatar, bayan haka ya gudanar da babbar gona. Ba da daɗewa ba ya shiga ƙungiyar adawa da yahudawa waɗanda membobinta manoma ne. Lokacin da hauhawar farashi da rashin aikin yi suka fara a ƙasar, gonakin manoma sun fara zama ganima akai-akai.
Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin Jamus wasu keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu na Freikor sun fara samuwa, wanda ke kiyaye kayan manoma. A cikin 1922 Martin ya shiga irin wannan rukunin, inda aka nada shi kwamanda da kuma ma'aji.
Bayan wasu shekaru, Bormann ya taimaka wa abokinsa ya kashe malamin makaranta, wanda masu aikata laifin suka yi zargin leken asiri. A saboda wannan ne aka yanke masa hukuncin shekara ɗaya a kurkuku, bayan haka an sake shi a kan sakin fuska.
Ayyuka
Da zaran Martin Bormann ya shiga Jam’iyyar Nazi a 1927, ya fara aiki a jaridar farfaganda a matsayin sakataren labarai. Koyaya, saboda rashin iya magana, ya yanke shawarar barin aikin jarida ya shiga harkokin tattalin arziki.
A shekara mai zuwa, Bormann ya zauna a Munich, inda ya fara aiki a cikin Rikicin Sakawa (SA). Bayan wasu shekaru, ya bar sahun SA ya jagoranci "Asusun Tallafawa Junan Mutum na Nazi" da ya kafa.
Martin ya gabatar da tsarin inda ake buƙatar kowane memba na ƙungiya ya ba da gudummawa ga asusun. Kudin da aka karba an yi niyya ne ga membobin jam'iyyar da suka jikkata ko suka mutu a gwagwarmayar ci gaban Nazism. A lokaci guda, ya warware matsalolin ma'aikata, sannan kuma ya kirkiro motar mota, wanda manufar sa ita ce samar da ababen hawa ga mambobin NSDAP.
Lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka hau mulki a 1933, an ba Bormann mukamin Babban Jami'in Mataimakin Fuhrer Rudolf Hess da sakataren sa. Saboda kyakkyawan aikinsa an daga shi zuwa matsayin Reichsleiter.
Daga baya, Hitler ya kusanci Martin sosai har ƙarshen ya fara aiwatar da ayyukan sakataren sa. A farkon 1937, an ba Bormann taken SS Gruppenfuehrer, dangane da tasirinsa a Jamus ya fi girma.
Duk lokacin da Fuehrer yayi wani umarni na magana, yakan isar dasu ta hanyar Martin Bormann. A sakamakon haka, lokacin da wani ya fadi warwas da "girman launin fata", an hana shi ainihin damar samun Hitler.
Ta hanyar dabarunsa, Bormann ya iyakance ikon Goebbels, Goering, Himmler da sauran manyan mutane. Don haka, yana da makiya da yawa, waɗanda ya ƙi.
A cikin 1941, shugaban Reich na Uku ya nada Martin ya jagoranci Chancellery Party, wanda ke ƙarƙashin Hitler kawai ba wani ba. Don haka, Bormann ya sami kusan iko mara iyaka, wanda kawai ke haɓaka kowace shekara.
Mutumin ya kasance koyaushe yana kusa da Fuhrer, sakamakon haka Martin ya fara kiransa "inuwa". Lokacin da Hitler ya fara tsananta wa masu imani, Bormann ya ba shi cikakken goyon baya a wannan.
Haka kuma, ya yi kira da a lalata duk wuraren ibada da kayayyakin tarihi. Musamman ya ƙi Kiristanci, sakamakon haka an tura firistoci da yawa zuwa sansanonin taro.
A lokaci guda, Bormann ya yi yaƙi da ƙarfinta da yahudawa, yana maraba da fitarwarsu a cikin ɗakunan gas. Don haka, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka aikata kisan kiyashi, a lokacinda kusan yahudawa miliyan 6 suka mutu.
A cikin Janairu 1945, Martin tare da Hitler sun zauna a cikin dutsen. Har zuwa ranar ƙarshe ya kasance mai aminci ga Fuehrer, yana aiwatar da duk umurninsa.
Rayuwar mutum
Lokacin da Bormann ke shekara 29, ya auri Gerda Buch, wanda ya girme ta da shekaru 10. Yarinyar 'yar Walter Buch ce, shugaban Kotun Koli ta Koli.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce Adolf Hitler da Rudolf Hess sun kasance shaidu a bikin auren sabbin ma'auratan.
Da gaske Gerda tana ƙaunarta da Martin, wanda sau da yawa ya yaudare ta kuma bai ma yi ƙoƙarin ɓoye ta ba. Abin mamaki ne cewa lokacin da ya fara soyayya da 'yar fim Manya Behrens, ya sanar da matarsa a sarari game da wannan, kuma ta ba shi shawarar abin da zai yi.
Wannan halin da ba a saba gani ba na yarinyar ya samo asali ne daga gaskiyar da take bayar da shawarar auren mata fiye da daya. A lokacin yaƙin, Gerda ya ƙarfafa Jamusawa su shiga cikin aure da yawa a lokaci guda.
Iyalan gidan Borman suna da yara 10, ɗayansu ya mutu a ƙuruciya. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, ɗan fari na ma'auratan, Martin Adolf, daga baya ya zama firist na Katolika da mishan.
A karshen watan Afrilu na shekarar 1945, matar Bormann da ‘ya’yanta suka gudu zuwa Italiya, inda a daidai shekara guda ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa. Bayan rasuwarta, yaran sun tashi cikin gidan marayu.
Mutuwa
Tarihin tarihin Martin Bormann har yanzu ba su yarda da inda da yaushe Nazi ya mutu ba. Bayan Fuhrer ya kashe kansa, shi, tare da abokansa guda uku, sun yi ƙoƙarin tserewa daga Jamus.
Bayan wani lokaci, kungiyar ta rabu. Bayan haka, Bormann, tare da Stumpfegger, sunyi ƙoƙarin ƙetare Kogin Spree, suna ɓoye a bayan tankin Jamusanci. Sakamakon haka, sai sojojin na Rasha suka fara harbi kan tankar, sakamakon haka aka hallaka Jamusawan.
Daga baya, an tsinci gawarwakin 'yan Nazin da ke guduwa a gabar tekun, ban da gawar Martin Bormann. A saboda wannan dalili, nau'ikan da yawa sun bayyana, bisa ga abin da aka ɗauki "kadarar launin toka na uku a mulkin mallaka" mai tsira.
Jami’in leken asirin Biritaniya Christopher Creighton ya bayyana cewa Bormann ya sauya kamanninsa ya gudu zuwa Paraguay, inda ya mutu a 1959. Shugaban Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Tarayya kuma tsohon jami’in leken asirin na Nazi Reinhard Gehlen ya tabbatar da cewa Martin wakili ne na Rasha kuma bayan yakin ya tafi Moscow.
An kuma gabatar da ra'ayoyin cewa mutumin na boye a kasashen Ajantina, Spain, Chile da sauran kasashe. Hakanan, marubucin marubuci ɗan ƙasar Hungary Ladislas Faragodazhe ya yarda a fili cewa shi da kansa ya yi magana da Bormann a Bolivia a cikin 1973.
A yayin shari'ar Nuremberg, alƙalai, ba su da cikakkiyar shaidar mutuwar Nazi, sun yanke masa hukuncin kisa a rataye ta hanyar rashi. Mafi kyawun sabis na leken asiri a duniya suna neman Martin Bormann, amma babu ɗayansu da ya sami nasara.
A cikin 1971, hukumomin FRG sun ba da sanarwar dakatar da neman "inuwar Hitler". Koyaya, shekara guda bayan haka, an sami gawar mutum wanda zai iya kasancewa mallakar Bormann da Stumpfegger.
Bayan zurfafa bincike, gami da sake fasalin fuska, masana sun kammala cewa lallai waɗannan su ne ragowar Bormann da abokin aikinsa. A shekarar 1998, aka gudanar da gwajin DNA, wanda a karshe ya kawar da shakkun cewa gawarwakin da aka gano na na Bormann da Stumpfegger ne.
Hotunan Bormann
