Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa Tsibirin Galapagos yana da ban sha'awa don bincika, tunda suna gida ne ga nau'ikan nau'ikan flora da fauna na musamman, wasu daga cikinsu suna dab da halaka. Tsibirin mallakar yankin Ecuador ne kuma lardin sa ne daban. A yau, duk tsibirai da duwatsun da ke kewaye an mai da su wurin shakatawar ƙasa, inda taron masu yawon buɗe ido ke zuwa kowace shekara.
Daga ina sunan Tsibirin Galapagos ya fito?
Galapagos wani nau'in kunkuru ne da ke rayuwa a tsibirai, shi ya sa ma aka sanya wa tsibirin sunan su. Ana kuma kiran waɗannan tarin ƙasar kawai kamar Galapagos, Tsibirin Kunkuru, ko Tsibirin Tsibiri na Mazauna. Hakanan, ana kiran wannan yankin da Tsibirin Enchanted, tunda yana da wahalar sauka a ƙasa. Yawancin raƙuman ruwa sun sanya wahalar tafiya, saboda haka ba kowa ke iya zuwa bakin teku ba.
Wani ɗan fashin teku ne ya tattara taswirar farko ta waɗannan wurare, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka ba duk sunayen tsibirin don girmamawa ga ofan fashin teku ko mutanen da suka taimaka musu. Daga baya aka sake musu suna, amma wasu mazaunan suna ci gaba da amfani da tsofaffin fasalin. Hatta taswirar tana dauke da sunaye daga zamani daban-daban.
Yanayin ƙasa
Tsibirin ya ƙunshi tsibirai 19, 13 daga cikinsu asalinsu ne. Hakanan ya hada da duwatsu 107 da wuraren da aka wanke wadanda suke fitowa sama da saman ruwan. Ta hanyar duba taswirar, zaku iya fahimtar inda tsibirin suke. Babbar cikinsu, Isabela, ita ce kuma ƙarama. Akwai volcanoes masu aiki a nan, don haka tsibirin har yanzu yana fuskantar canje-canje saboda hayaƙi da fashewa, na ƙarshe ya faru a 2005.
Duk da cewa Galapagos tsibirin tsibiri ne, amma iklima anan ba ta da ɗimbin yawa. Dalilin ya ta'allaka ne da sanyin ruwan wankin gabar. Daga wannan, zafin ruwan zai iya sauka kasa da digiri 20. Matsakaicin matsakaita na shekara-shekara ya faɗi cikin kewayon digiri 23-24. Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa akwai matsala babba game da ruwa a Tsibirin Galapagos, tunda kusan babu sabbin hanyoyin samun ruwa a nan.
Binciken tsibirai da mazaunan su
Tun lokacin da aka gano tsibirin a cikin watan Maris na 1535, ba wanda ya damu musamman da dabbobin wannan yankin har sai da Charles Darwin da balaguronsa suka fara binciko tsibirin Colon. Kafin wannan, tsibiran sun kasance matattarar 'yan fashin teku, kodayake ana ɗaukarsu matsayin mulkin mallakar Spain. Daga baya, tambaya ta taso game da wanda ya mallaki tsibirin na wurare masu zafi, kuma a 1832 Galapagos a hukumance ya zama wani ɓangare na Ecuador, kuma Puerto Baquerizo Moreno aka naɗa babban birnin lardin.
Darwin ya kwashe shekaru da yawa a tsibiran yana nazarin bambancin jinsunan finch. A nan ne ya haɓaka tushe don ka'idar juyin halitta na gaba. Dabbobin da ke tsibirin Kunkuru suna da wadatar gaske kuma ba kamar dabbobi a sauran sassan duniya ba wanda za a iya nazarin shi tsawon shekaru, amma bayan Darwin, ba wanda ya shiga ciki, kodayake an san Galapagos a matsayin wuri na musamman.
A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Amurka ta kafa sansanin soja a nan, bayan karshen yakin, tsibirai sun zama mafakar masu laifi. Sai kawai a cikin 1936 aka ba wa tsibirin matsayin Babban Gandun Kasa, bayan haka kuma an fi mai da hankali ga kiyaye albarkatun ƙasa. Gaskiya ne, wasu nau'in a wancan lokacin sun riga sun kusa ƙarewa, wanda aka bayyana dalla-dalla a cikin shirin gaskiya game da tsibirin.
Saboda takamaiman yanayin yanayi da abubuwan da aka kirkira na tsibirin, akwai tsuntsaye da yawa, dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi, da tsire-tsire waɗanda ba'a samo su a ko'ina ba. Mafi girman dabba da ke rayuwa a wannan yankin ita ce Galapagos lion lion, amma mafi tsananin sha'awa shine katuwar kunkuru, boobies, kadangaru masu ruwa, flamingos, penguins.
Cibiyoyin yawon bude ido
Lokacin shirin tafiya, yawon bude ido suna son sanin yadda zasu isa wani wuri mai ban mamaki. Akwai shahararrun zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu don zaɓar daga: a kan jirgin ruwa ko jirgin sama. Akwai filayen jirgin sama guda biyu a cikin tarin tsibirin Colon, amma galibi suna sauka a Baltra. Isananan tsibiri ne a arewacin Santa Cruz inda yanzu suke sansanonin soja na Ecuador. Abu ne mai sauki ka isa yawancin tsibirai da suka shahara tsakanin masu yawon bude ido daga nan.
Hotuna daga Tsibirin Galapagos suna da ban sha'awa, saboda akwai rairayin bakin teku masu kyau na ban mamaki. Kuna iya ciyar da yini duka a cikin shuɗin jirgin ruwa mai farin ciki da rana mai zafi ba tare da tsananin zafi ba. Mutane da yawa sun fi son shiga ruwa, saboda bakin teku yana cike da launuka saboda dutsen da ke daskarewa a yankin bakin teku.
Muna ba da shawarar karantawa game da Tsibirin Saona.
Kari akan haka, wasu nau'ikan dabbobi zasu yi farin ciki cikin gurnani tare da masu ruwa da ruwa, tunda anan sun riga sun saba da mutane. Amma tsibirin suna da kifayen kifayen sharks, don haka yakamata ku bincika gaba idan an yarda da ruwa a cikin wurin da aka zaɓa.
Wace ƙasa ce ba za ta yi alfahari da irin wannan wuri mai ban mamaki kamar Galapagos ba, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa an saka shi cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya. Yanayin shimfidar wuri ya fi kama da hotuna, tunda a kowane bangare suna mamaki da yawan launuka. Gaskiya ne, don kiyaye kyawawan halaye da mazaunan su, yana buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa, wanda shine abin da cibiyar bincike ke yi.
