Andy Warhole (ainihin suna Andrew Warhol; 1928-1987) wani ɗan zane-zane Ba'amurke ne, furodusa, mai tsarawa, marubuci, mai wallafa mujallar kuma darakta. Wani adadi mai mahimmanci a tarihin motsawar fasaha da fasahar zamani gaba ɗaya. Wanda ya kirkiro akidar "homo universale", mahaliccin ayyukan da ke kusa da "fasahar fasahar kasuwanci".
Akwai tarihin rayuwa mai ban sha'awa da yawa na Andy Warhol, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Andy Warhol.
Tarihin rayuwar Andy Warhol
An haifi Andy Warhol a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 1928 a cikin American Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania). Ya girma cikin dangin dangin Slovak masu sauki.
Mahaifinsa, Andrei, yana hakar kwal a cikin mahakar, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Julia, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsabta. Andy yana da ɗa na huɗu na iyayensa.
Yara da samari
Andy Warhol ya tashi ne a cikin iyali mai ibada, waɗanda membobinsu mabiya ɗariƙar Katolika ne. Tun yana ƙarami, yaron yakan ziyarci haikalin kusan kowace rana, inda yake yin addu'a ga Allah.
Lokacin da Andy yake aji na uku, ya kamu da aikin Sydenham, wanda mutum ke fama da ciwon tsoka. Sakamakon haka, daga yaro mai fara'a da ɓarna, nan da nan ya juya ya zama shahidi, kwance cikin shekaru da yawa.
Saboda yanayin lafiyarsa, Warhol ya kasance ba zai iya halartar makaranta ba, ya zama ainihin sananne a cikin ajin. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa ya zama yaro mai matukar rauni da tasiri. Kari kan haka, ya bunkasa tsoro a gaban asibitoci da likitoci, wanda ya kasance har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa.
A waɗancan shekarun na tarihin rayuwarsa, lokacin da aka tilasta Andy ya kwanta a kan gado, ya zama mai sha'awar zane-zane. Ya yanke hotunan shahararrun masu zane-zane daga jaridu, bayan haka ya sanya hotunan mutane. A cewarsa, wannan sha'awa ce ta tayar da sha'awarsa ga fasaha kuma ta haɓaka dandano na fasaha.
Lokacin da Warhol ke saurayi, ya rasa mahaifinsa, wanda ya mutu a cikin mahakar. Bayan karɓar takardar sheda, ya shiga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Carnegie, yana yanke shawarar haɗa rayuwarsa tare da aikin mai zane.
Farawa mafi kyau
Bayan kammala karatunsa a makarantar a 1949, Andy Warhol ya tafi New York, inda ya shiga aikin ado a taga, sannan kuma ya zana katunan da fosta. Daga baya ya fara haɗin gwiwa tare da wallafe-wallafe da yawa masu martaba, gami da Harper's Bazaar da Vogue, suna aiki azaman mai zane-zane.
Nasarar farko ta Warhol ta zo ne bayan da ya tsara talla ga masana'antar kera takalma “Ni. Miller ". Ya nuna takalma a kan hoton, yana yin zane-zane da zane-zane. Don aikinsa, ya sami kuɗi mai kyau, da kuma tayin da yawa daga sanannun kamfanoni.
A 1962 Andy ya shirya baje kolin sa na farko, wanda ya kawo masa farin jini sosai. Kasuwancin sa yana tafiya yadda yakamata har ya iya siye gida a Manhattan.
Da yake ya zama mutum mai arziki, Andy Warhol ya sami damar yin abin da yake so - zane. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce yana cikin farkon waɗanda suka fara amfani da buga allo. Don haka, ya sami ikon ninkawa da sauri.
Ta amfani da matric, Warhol ya kirkiro shahararrun hotunan sa na Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, Lenin da John F. Kennedy, wanda daga baya ya zama alamun fasahar zane.
Halitta
A cikin 1960 Andy yayi aiki akan ƙirar gwangwani na Coca-Cola. Sannan ya zama mai sha'awar zane-zane, wanda ke nuna takardun kudi akan zane. A lokaci guda, matakin "gwangwani" ya fara, wanda ya zana ta hanyar amfani da buga allon siliki.
An amince da Warhol a matsayin ɗayan mawaƙan mashahuran mashahuran tarihi. An yi tsokaci kan aikin nasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban: wasu na kiransa mai son zage-zage, wasu kuma masani ne wajen fallasa rayuwar Amurkawa ta yau da kullun, wasu kuma sun dauki aikinsa a zaman wani aikin kasuwanci mai nasara.
Abin lura ne cewa Andy Warhol ya kasance ƙwararren masanin girman kai kuma an banbanta shi da almubazzaranci. An ba da umarnin hotunan masu zane da 'yan siyasa masu mahimmancin duniya daga gare shi.
Gidan da ke Manhattan, inda mai zane ya zauna, Andy ya kira "Masana'antar". Anan ya buga hotuna, ya yi fina-finai kuma sau da yawa yakan shirya maraice na kirkire-kirkire, inda manyan mutane suka hallara. An kira shi ba kawai sarkin fasaha ba, har ma babban wakili na fasaha na zamani.
A yau Warhol ce kan gaba a jerin fitattun masu zane-zane. Ya zuwa shekarar 2013, jimillar ƙididdigar ayyukan Ba'amurke da aka siyar a gwanjo ya wuce dala miliyan 427! A lokaci guda, an kafa rikodin - $ 105.4 miliyan don Faduwar Mota ta Silver, wanda aka kirkira a 1963.
Yunkurin kisan kai
A lokacin bazara na 1968, wata mata mai suna Valerie Solanas, wacce ta fito a daya daga cikin fina-finan Warhol, ta harbe shi sau uku a ciki. Sannan yarinyar ta juya ga dan sanda, tana sanar dashi laifin da tayi.
Bayan munanan raunuka, an sami ceto daga sarkin fasaha ta mu'ujiza. Ya sha wahala mutuwar asibiti da hadadden aiki, kuma sakamakon wannan bala'in ya bi shi har zuwa mutuwarsa.
Warhol ya ki yarda ya shigar da karar matar, dalilin da ya sa Valerie ta karbi shekaru 3 a gidan yari, tare da tilasta masa magani a asibitin mahaukata. An tilasta Andy sanya corset na musamman na tsawon shekara guda, saboda duk kayan cikin sa sun lalace.
Bayan wannan, mai zane-zane ya haɓaka mafi girman tsoron likitoci da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Wannan ya nuna ba kawai a cikin tunaninsa ba, har ma a cikin aikinsa. A cikin takardun tallarsa, galibi yana nuna kujerun lantarki, bala'i, kashe kansa da sauran abubuwa.
Rayuwar mutum
Na dogon lokaci, an yaba Warhol tare da ma'amala tare da gidan kayan gargajiya da budurwa, ƙirar Edie Sedgwick. Sun kasance suna son shakatawa tare, sun yi ado iri ɗaya kuma sun yi ado iri ɗaya.
Koyaya, Andy ɗan luwaɗi ne wanda yake buɗe, wanda galibi yake bayyana kansa a cikin aikinsa. Masoyansa a lokuta daban-daban sune Billy Name, John Giorno, Jed Johnson da John Gould. Koyaya, yana da wuya a faɗi ainihin lambar abokan haɗin zane.
Mutuwa
Andy Warhol ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 1987 yana da shekara 58. Ya mutu a asibitin Manhattan, inda aka cire mafitsararsa. Babban dalilin mutuwar mawaƙin shine kamun zuciya.
Danginsa sun shigar da kara a asibitin, suna zargin ma’aikatan da kulawar da ba ta dace ba. An sasanta rikicin nan da nan ba tare da kotu ba, kuma dangin Warhol sun sami diyyar kuɗi. Abin lura ne cewa likitocin sun kasance da karfin gwiwa cewa zai tsira daga aikin.
Koyaya, sake sake duba lamarin, shekaru 30 bayan mutuwar Andy, ya nuna cewa a zahiri aikin ya fi haɗari fiye da yadda da farko yake gani. Masanan sun yi la’akari da shekarunsa, matsalolin giya, da raunin harbin bindiga da ya yi a baya.
Hoto daga Andy Warhol