Cesare (Kaisar) Borgia (cat. Cesar de Borja y Catanei, isp. Cesare Borgia; KO. 1475-1507) - Dan siyasan Renaissance. Yayi wani yunƙuri na rashin nasara na kirkirar jiharsa a tsakiyar Italia ƙarƙashin kulawar Holy See, wanda mahaifinsa, Paparoma Alexander VI ya mamaye.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin Cesare Borgia, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, ga takaitaccen tarihin rayuwar Borgia.
Tarihin rayuwar Cesare Borgia
Cesare Borgia an haife shi a 1475 (bisa ga wasu tushe a 1474 ko 1476) a Rome. An yi imanin cewa shi dan Cardinal Rodrigo de Borgia, wanda daga baya ya zama Paparoma Alexander VI. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce uwargidan mahaifinsa mai suna Vanozza dei Cattanei.
Cesare an horar dashi tun yarinta don aikin ruhaniya. A cikin 1491 an ba shi amanar mai kula da bishopric a babban birnin Navarre, kuma bayan wasu shekaru sai aka ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin Archbishop na Valencia, yana ba shi ƙarin kuɗin shiga daga majami'u da yawa.
Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya zama Paparoma a 1493, an nada saurayi Cesare a matsayin babban malamin diyya, yana ba shi ƙarin diyololi da yawa. A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, Borgia ya karanci ilimin shari'a da tauhidi a cikin mafi kyawun cibiyoyi a ƙasar.
A sakamakon haka, Cesare ya zama marubucin ɗayan ingantattun rubuce rubuce a fikihun. Addini bai tayar da sha'awa ga saurayin ba, wanda ya fifita rayuwar duniya da ita tare da yaƙin soja.
Papa ɗansa
A cikin 1497, babban wan Borgia, Giovanni, ya mutu a cikin yanayin da ba a san shi ba. An kashe shi da wuka, yayin da duk abubuwan mallakarsa suka kasance cikakke. Wasu masu rubutun tarihin suna da'awar cewa Cesare ne ya kashe Giovanni, amma masana tarihi ba su da hujjojin da za su tabbatar da wannan maganar.
A shekara mai zuwa, Cesare Borgia ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa na firist, a karo na farko a tarihin Cocin Katolika. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sami nasarar fahimtar kansa a matsayin jarumi kuma ɗan siyasa.
Wani abin ban sha'awa shine cewa gunkin Borgia shine sanannen sarkin Rome kuma kwamanda Gaius Julius Caesar. A jikin rigar tsohon firist ɗin, an yi rubutu: "Kaisar ko babu."
A wancan zamanin, an yi yaƙe-yaƙe na Italiya a cikin yankuna daban-daban. Faransawa da Spain sun yi ikirarin wadannan filaye, yayin da fafaroman ya nemi hada kan wadannan yankuna, ya dauke su karkashin ikonsa.
Bayan da ya nemi goyon bayan masarautar Faransa Louis XII (albarkacin yardar Paparoma game da sakin aure da kuma taimakawa a matsayin cike gurbin sojoji) Cesare Borgia ya ci gaba da yakin soja a kan yankuna a Romagna. A lokaci guda kuma, babban kwamandan ya hana a kwato wadannan garuruwa wadanda suka mika wuya da son ransu.
A shekarar 1500, Cesare ya mamaye biranen Imola da Forli. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya jagoranci rundunar fafaroma, yana ci gaba da samun nasarori a kan abokan gaba. Mahaifin da ɗansa wayo sun yi yaƙe-yaƙe, a madadin suna neman goyon bayan Faransa da Spain da ke yaƙi.
Shekaru uku bayan haka, Borgia ta mamaye babban ɓangare na Papal States, tare da haɗu da yankunan da ba su da bambanci. Kusa da shi koyaushe aboki ne mai aminci Micheletto Corella, wanda ya yi suna a matsayin mai zartarwa daga maigidansa.
Cesare ya danƙa wa Corellia ayyuka masu banbanci da mahimmancin gaske, waɗanda ya gwada da dukkan ƙarfinsa don ya cika su. A cewar wasu majiyoyi, mai laifin ya aikata laifin kisan matar 2 ta Lucrezia Borgia - Alfonso na Aragon.
Abin mamaki ne cewa wasu mutanen zamanin sun yi iƙirarin cewa saboda bukatar kuɗi, duka Borgia sun ba da wadatattun kadinal kadara, waɗanda bayan sun mutu sun dawo cikin baitul malin papal.
Niccolo Machiavelli da Leonardo da Vinci, wanda injiniya ne a cikin sojojinsa, sun yi magana mai gamsarwa game da Cesar Borgia a matsayin shugaban sojoji. Koyaya, an sami nasarar yaƙe-yaƙe ta hanyar rashin lafiya mai tsanani na uba da ɗa. Bayan cin abinci a ɗayan kadina, duka Borgia sun kamu da zazzaɓi, tare da amai.
Rayuwar mutum
Babu hoto ko ɗayan sa hannun Cesare da ya wanzu har zuwa yau, don haka duk hotunansa na yau da kullun. Hakanan ba a san ainihin irin mutumin da yake ba.
A cikin wasu takardu, an gabatar da Borgia a matsayin mutum mai gaskiya da daraja, yayin da a wasu - munafunci kuma mai zubar da jini. An ce wai yana da alaƙar soyayya da 'yan mata da samari. Bugu da ƙari, har ma sun yi magana game da kusancinsa da 'yar'uwarsa Lucretia.
Sananne ne cewa wanda kwamandan ya fi so shi ne Sanchia, wanda matar matar ɗan'uwansa ɗan shekara 15 Jofredo. Koyaya, matar hukumarsa wata yarinya ce, tunda a wancan lokacin an kammala auren tsakanin manyan jami'ai ba don soyayya ba saboda dalilai na siyasa.
Borgia Sr. ya so ya auri ɗansa Gimbiya ta Neapolitan Carlotta ta Aragon, wanda ya ƙi auren Cesare. A cikin 1499, mutumin ya auri 'yar duke, Charlotte.
Tuni bayan watanni 4, Borgia ya tafi yaƙi a Italiya kuma tun daga wannan lokacin bai taɓa ganin Charlotte da 'yar da aka haifa ba da daɗewa ba Louise, waɗanda suka zama ɗayan halattaccen ɗa.
Akwai wani fasalin da nan da nan bayan ya dawo daga Faransa, Cesare ya yi wa Catherine Sforza fyade, wacce ta kare sansanin na Forlì. Daga baya, an yi garkuwa da matar shugaban sojan Gianbattista Caracciolo mai suna Dorothea.
A lokacin rayuwarsa, Borgia ya amince da haramtattun yara 2 - ɗan Girolamo da 'yar Camilla. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, bayan ya balaga, Camilla ya ɗauki alwashin ibada. Yin jima'i ba tare da iko ba ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa Cesare ya kamu da cutar syphilis.
Mutuwa
Bayan da ya kamu da cutar syphilis da mutuwar mahaifinsa kwatsam a cikin 1503, Cesare Borgia yana ta mutuwa. Daga baya ya tafi tare da manyan abokansa zuwa Navarre, wanda ɗan'uwan matarsa Charlotte ke mulki.
Bayan ya ga dangi, an ba shi mutumin ya jagoranci sojojin Navarre. A bin abokan gaba a ranar 12 ga Maris, 1507, aka yi wa Cesare Borgia kwanton bauna aka kashe shi. Koyaya, yanayin mutuwarsa har yanzu ba a sani ba.
An gabatar da ka'idoji game da kashe kansa, rashin hankali saboda ci gaban cutar syphilis da kisan kai na kwangila. An binne kwamandan a Cocin na Virgin Mary da ke Viana. Koyaya, a cikin lokacin 1523-1608. an cire gawarsa daga kabari, tun da yake bai kamata irin wannan mai laifin ya kasance a wuri mai tsarki ba.
A cikin 1945, wurin da aka yi zargin cewa an sake gano Borgia ba da gangan aka gano ba. Duk da bukatar da mazauna yankin suka gabatar, bishop din ya ki binne gawawwakin a cocin, sakamakon haka kwamandan ya sami kwanciyar hankali a bangonsa. Sai kawai a 2007 ne Akbishop na Pamplona ya ba da albarkacinsa don kwashe ragowar zuwa cocin.
Hoto daga Cesare Borgia
