Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi - Dan siyasan Indiya kuma jagoran karfin siyasa "Indian National Congress". 'Yar firaminista na farko a jihar, Jawaharlal Nehru. Ta zama mace daya tilo Firayim Minista a tarihin Indiya da ta rike wannan mukamin daga 1966-1977, sannan daga 1980 har zuwa ranar da aka kashe ta a shekarar 1984.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu kalli manyan abubuwan da suka faru daga tarihin rayuwar Indira Gandhi, tare da abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa a rayuwarta.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Indira Gandhi.
Tarihin rayuwar Indira Gandhi
An haifi Indira Gandhi a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1917 a garin Allahabad na Indiya. Yarinyar ta girma kuma ta tashi cikin dangin manyan ‘yan siyasa. Mahaifinta, Jawaharlal Nehru, shi ne firayim minista na farko a Indiya, kuma kakanta ne ya jagoranci vetewararrun communitywararrun Nationalan Majalisar Indiya.
Mahaifiyar Indira da kaka sun kasance manyan masu fada a ji a siyasance wadanda a wani lokaci aka yi musu mummunan rauni. Dangane da wannan, tun tana ƙarama ta saba da tsarin jihar.
Yara da samari
Lokacin da Indira take da kimanin shekaru 2 da haihuwa, ta haɗu da babban Mahatma Gandhi, wanda ya kasance kuma shine gwarzo na ƙasar Indiya.
Lokacin da yarinyar ta girma, za ta ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Mahatma fiye da sau ɗaya. Wani abin ban sha'awa shi ne cewa shi ne ya shawarci Indira Gandhi 'yar shekara 8 da ta kirkiro da kungiyar kwadago don ci gaban sakar gida.
Tunda firaminista nan gaba ita kaɗai ce iyayenta, ta sami kulawa sosai. Ta kasance koyaushe a tsakanin manya, tana sauraren tattaunawar su akan mahimman batutuwa daban-daban.
Lokacin da aka kama mahaifin Indira Gandhi aka tura shi kurkuku, ya kan rubuta wasiƙu zuwa ga ’yarsa a kai a kai.
A cikinsu, ya raba damuwarsa, ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a da ra'ayoyi game da makomar Indiya.
Ilimi
Yayinda yake yaro, Gandhi yafi karatu a gida. Ta sami nasarar cin jarabawar a jami’ar mutane, amma daga baya aka tilasta mata barin makaranta saboda rashin lafiyar mahaifiyarta. Indira tayi tafiya zuwa Turai inda aka yiwa mahaifiyarta magani a asibitoci daban daban na zamani.
Ba ta rasa damar ba, yarinyar ta yanke shawarar yin rajista a Kwalejin Somervel, Oxford. A can ta karanci tarihi, kimiyyar siyasa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da sauran ilimin kimiyya.
Lokacin da Gandhi yake da shekaru 18, wani bala'i ya faru a tarihinta. Likitoci ba su taba ceton ran mahaifiyarta ba, wacce ta mutu sakamakon cutar tarin fuka. Bayan rashi, Indira ta yanke shawarar komawa mahaifarta.
A wancan lokacin, Yaƙin Duniya na II (1939-1945) ya ɓarke, don haka Gandhi ya yi tafiya zuwa gida ta Afirka ta Kudu. Yawancin 'yan uwanta sun rayu a wannan yankin. Abin mamaki ne cewa a Afirka ta Kudu yarinyar ta sami damar yin jawabin siyasa na farko.
Harkar siyasa
A cikin 1947, Indiya ta sami 'yencin kai daga Biritaniya, daga nan ne aka kafa gwamnatin kasa ta farko. Mahaifin Indira, Jawaharlal Nehru ne ya shugabanceta, wanda ya zama firayim minista na farko a tarihin kasar.
Gandhi yayi aiki a matsayin sakatare na sirri ga mahaifinta. Ta je ko'ina tare da shi yayin tafiye-tafiye na kasuwanci, galibi tana ba shi shawara mai mahimmanci. Tare da shi, Indira sun ziyarci Tarayyar Soviet, wanda Nikita Khrushchev ke jagoranta a lokacin.
Lokacin da Nehru ya mutu a 1964, an zabi Gandhi memba na majalisar dokokin Indiya sannan daga baya ya zama ministan watsa labarai da watsa labarai. Ta wakilci Indian National Congress (INC), babbar rundunar siyasa ta Indiya.
Ba da daɗewa ba aka zaɓi Indira a matsayin Firayim Minista na ƙasar, wanda ya sa ta zama mace ta 2 a duniya da ta yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista.
Indira Gandhi ita ce ta fara kirkirar bankunan Indiya, sannan kuma tana neman bunkasa dangantaka da USSR. Koyaya, ‘yan siyasa da yawa ba su yarda da ra’ayinta ba, sakamakon haka raba gari ya faru a jam’iyyar. Koyaya, yawancin mutanen Indiya sun goyi bayan Firayim Minista.
A cikin 1971, Gandhi ya sake cin zaɓen majalisar dokoki. A cikin wannan shekarar, gwamnatin Soviet ta goyi bayan Indiya a yakin Indo-Pakistan.
Siffofin halayyar gwamnati
A lokacin mulkin Indira Gandhi, masana'antu da ayyukan noma sun fara haɓaka a ƙasar.
Godiya ga wannan, Indiya ta sami damar kawar da dogaro kan fitar da abinci daban-daban zuwa ƙasashen waje. Koyaya, jihar ba zata iya ci gaba gaba ɗaya ba saboda yaƙi da Pakistan.
A cikin 1975, Kotun Koli ta ba da umarnin murabus din Gandhi kan zarge-zargen take hakkin zabe yayin zabukan da ya gabata. Dangane da wannan, dan siyasar, yana ishara ga Mataki na 352 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Indiya, ya gabatar da dokar ta baci a kasar.
Wannan ya haifar da sakamako mai kyau da mara kyau. Ta wani bangare, yayin dokar ta baci, farfadowar tattalin arziki ya fara.
Kari kan haka, an kawo karshen rikice-rikicen addinai yadda ya kamata. Koyaya, a gefe guda, an iyakance haƙƙin siyasa da 'yancin ɗan adam, kuma an hana duk gidajen buga littattafan adawa.
Wataƙila mafi munin gyara na Indira Gandhi shine haifuwa. Gwamnati ta yanke hukuncin cewa duk namijin da ya riga ya sami ‘ya’ya uku ya zama dole a yi masa bahaya, sannan wata mata da ta dauki ciki a karo na 4 an tilasta mata zubar da ciki.
Yawan haihuwa mafi girma hakika yana daga cikin abubuwan dake haifar da talauci a cikin jihar, amma irin waɗannan matakan sun wulakanta mutunci da darajar Indiyawa. Mutanen sun kira Gandhi da "Matan ƙarfe ta Indiya".
Indira sau da yawa yakan yanke shawara mai tsauri, tare da wani matakin rashin tausayi. A sakamakon wannan duka, a cikin 1977 ya sha wahala fiasco a cikin zaɓen majalisar dokoki.
Komawa fagen siyasa
Bayan lokaci, canje-canje masu kyau sun fara faruwa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Indira Gandhi. 'Yan kasar sun sake gaskata ta, bayan haka a shekarar 1980 matar ta sake yin nasarar rike mukamin firaminista.
A cikin wadannan shekarun, Gandhi yana da hannu dumu-dumu wajen karfafa jihar a fagen siyasar duniya. Ba da daɗewa ba Indiya ta jagoranci jagorancin theungiyar Ba da Amincewa ba, ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa wacce a yau ta haɗa ƙasashe 120 bisa ƙa'idar rashin shiga cikin ƙungiyar soja.
Rayuwar mutum
Tare da mijinta na gaba, Feroz Gandhi, Indira sun hadu a Burtaniya. Matasa sun yanke shawarar yin aure a shekara ta 1942. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, ƙungiyar tasu ba ta dace da al'adun gargajiya da al'adun addini na Indiya ba.
Feroz ɗan asalin Indiyawan Indiya ne waɗanda ke da'awar addinin Zoroastrianism. Koyaya, wannan bai hana Indira zaɓar Feroz Gandhi a matsayin abokiyar zamanta ba. Ta dauki sunan mijinta duk da cewa shi ba dangin Mahatma Gandhi bane.
A cikin dangin Gandhi, an haifi yara maza biyu - Rajiv da Sanjay. Feroz ya mutu a 1960 yana da shekara 47. Shekaru 20 bayan rashin mijinta, jim kaɗan kafin a kashe Indira kanta, ƙaramin ɗanta Sanjay ya mutu a hatsarin mota. Yana da kyau a lura cewa shine wanda ya kasance cikin mahimman shawarwari ga mahaifiyarsa.
Kisa
A cikin shekarun 80 na karnin da ya gabata, hukumomin Indiya sun sami sabani da Sikh, waɗanda ke son samun 'yanci daga na'urorin jihar. Sun mallaki "Gidan Haikali na Zinare" a cikin Amritsar, wanda ya kasance babban gidan ibadarsu tun da daɗewa. A sakamakon haka, gwamnati ta karɓi haikalin da ƙarfi, ta kashe ɗari da muminai a cikin aikin.
A ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 1984, Indira Gandhi ta kashe ta daga masu tsaron Sikh nata. A lokacin tana da shekaru 66 a duniya. Kisan Firayim Ministan ramuwar gayya ce ga Sikh a kan babban iko.
A Gandhi, an yi harbi da harsasai 8 yayin da take kan hanyar zuwa dakin tarbar don tattaunawa da marubucin Biritaniya kuma jarumin fim Peter Ustinov. Ta haka ne zamanin "Matan ƙarfe ta Indiya" ta ƙare.
Miliyoyin 'yan uwanta sun zo don yin ban kwana da Indira. A Indiya, an ayyana zaman makoki, wanda ya dauki kwanaki 12. Dangane da al'adun gida, an kona gawar dan siyasar.
A shekarar 1999, an zabi Gandhi a matsayin "Matar Millennium" a wani binciken jin ra'ayin jama'a da BBC ta gudanar. A cikin 2011, shirin fim game da ɗayan manyan matan Indiya da aka fara a Biritaniya.
