Audrey Hepburn (ainihin suna Audrey Kathleen Ruston; 1929-1993) 'yar fim ce' yar Burtaniya, samfurin zamani, 'yar rawa, mai son taimakon jama'a da kuma' yan agaji. Tabbataccen gunkin masana'antar fim da salo, wanda aikinsa ya kai kololuwa a lokacin Zinaren Zinare na Hollywood.
Cibiyar Fim ta Amurka ta sanya Hepburn a matsayin ta 3 mafi girma a fim a fim din Amurka.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Audrey Hepburn, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, ga ɗan gajeren tarihin Audrey Kathleen Ruston.
Tarihin rayuwar Audrey Hepburn
An haifi Audrey Hepburn a ranar 4 ga Mayu, 1929 a cikin garin Brussels na Ixelles. Ta girma ne a cikin dan gidan bankin Burtaniya John Victor Ruston-Hepburn da Baroness Ella Van Heemstra 'yar Dutch. Ita kadai ce iyayen iyayenta.
Yara da samari
A farkon yarinta, Audrey ya kasance tare da mahaifinta, wanda, ba kamar uwarta mai tsananin iko ba, ta kasance mai nuna kirki da fahimta. Bala'i na farko a tarihin Hepburn ya faru ne yana da shekara 6, lokacin da mahaifinsa ya yanke shawarar barin gidan.
Bayan haka, Hepburn tare da mahaifiyarsa suka koma garin Arnhem na Dutch. Yayinda take yarinya, tayi karatu a makarantu masu zaman kansu sannan kuma ta shiga rawa. Lokacin da yakin duniya na biyu ya barke (1939-1945), yarinyar ta karbi sunan karya - Edda van Heemstra, a matsayin sunan "Ingilishi" a wancan lokacin ya haifar da hadari.
Bayan saukar jirgin Allies, rayuwar mutanen Holand da ke zaune a yankunan da Nazis ta mamaye ya zama mai wahala sosai. A lokacin hunturu na 1944, mutane sun dandana yunwa, kuma suma basu sami damar dumama gidajensu ba. Akwai lokuta da yawa da aka sani yayin da wasu suka daskare dama akan tituna.
A lokaci guda, ana ruwan bama-bamai a kai a kai a garin. Saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki, Hepburn yana kan hanyar mutuwa da mutuwa. Don ko yaya ta manta da yunwa, sai ta kwanta kan gado ta karanta littattafai. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce yarinyar ta yi aiki tare da lambobin ballet don canja wurin kuɗin zuwa ɓangarorin.
A cikin hira, Audrey Hepburn ya yarda cewa duk da irin ban tsoro na lokacin yaƙi, ita da mahaifiyarsu sun yi ƙoƙari su yi tunani mai kyau, galibi suna cikin nishaɗi. Duk da haka, daga yunwa, yaron ya sami ƙarancin jini da cutar numfashi.
A cewar masu rubutun tarihin, yanayin rashin aikin da Audrey ya fuskanta a cikin shekaru masu zuwa na iya haifar da rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, sai ta shiga cikin gidan mazan jiya. Bayan sun kammala karatu, Hepburn da mahaifiyarta suka koma Amsterdam, inda suka sami aikin jinya a gidan tsohon soja.
Ba da daɗewa ba, Audrey ya fara shan darussan ballet. Tana 'yar shekara 19, yarinyar ta tafi Landan. Anan ta fara nazarin rawa tare da Marie Rampert da Vaclav Nijinsky. Abin mamaki, ana ɗaukar Nijinsky ɗayan manyan masu rawa a tarihi.
Malamai sun gargaɗi Hepburn cewa da gaske za ta iya samun babban matsayi a wasan ballet, amma ɗan gajarta mai tsayi (170 cm), haɗe da sakamakon rashin ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, ba zai ƙyale ta ta zama yar fari ba.
Sauraren shawarar masu nasiha, Audrey ta yanke shawarar danganta rayuwarta da fasaha mai ban mamaki. A wannan lokacin na tarihinta, dole ne ta ɗauki kowane aiki. Yanayin ya canza ne kawai bayan nasarar farko a silima.
Fina-finai
Hepburn ya fito a kan babban allo a cikin 1948, inda yake fitowa a cikin fim ɗin ilimi na Dutch a cikin Darasi Bakwai. Bayan haka, ta taka rawar gani a fina-finai na fasaha. Babban amana ta farko an damka mata amana a cikin 1952 a fim din "Sirrin Mutane", inda ta rikide zuwa Nora.
Girman duniya ya faɗi a kan Audrey shekara ta gaba bayan fara wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya "Hutun Roman". Wannan aikin ya kawo matashiyar 'yar fim "Oscar" da kuma girmamawar jama'a.
A cikin 1954, masu kallo sun ga Hepburn a cikin fim ɗin soyayya na Sabrina. Ta sake samun babban matsayi, wanda aka ba ta lambar yabo ta BAFTA a cikin rukunin "Fitacciyar 'Yar Burtaniya". Kasancewarta ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu zane-zane, sai ta fara haɗin gwiwa tare da shahararrun daraktoci.
A cikin 1956, Audrey ya rikide zuwa Natasha Rostov a cikin fim ɗin War da Peace, dangane da littafin mai suna Leo Tolstoy. Sannan ta shiga cikin fim na kade-kade na kiɗa "Face mai ban dariya" da kuma wasan kwaikwayon "Labarin Nuni."
Hoton karshe an zabi shi ne don Oscar a cikin nade-nade 8, kuma an sake amincewa da Hepburn a matsayin mafi kyawun yar wasan Biritaniya. A cikin shekarun 60, ta yi fice a fina-finai 9, yawancinsu sun sami lambar yabo ta fim mafi daraja. Hakanan, wasan Audrey koyaushe yana karɓar ra'ayoyi masu kyau da yawa daga masu suka da mutane.
Shahararrun zane-zanen wannan lokacin sune karin kumallo a Tiffany's da kuma My Lady Lady. Bayan 1967, akwai ƙoshin lafiya a cikin tarihin rayuwar Hepburn - ba ta yi aiki ba kimanin shekara 9.
Dawowar Audrey zuwa babban allon ya faru a cikin 1976, bayan farkon wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa Robin da Marian. Abin mamaki, wannan aikin ya sami zaɓi don 2002 AFI 100 Mafi Mostarancin Fina Finan Amurka a cikin kyautar Shekaru 100.
Shekaru uku bayan haka, Hepburn ya halarci fim ɗin fim mai ƙarancin shekaru "Hanyar Jini". A shekarun 80s ta fito a fina-finai 3, na karshe shine Kullum (1989). Tare da kasafin kudi na dala miliyan 29.5, fim din ya samu ribar sama da dala miliyan 74 a ofishin!
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce matsayin Audrey Hepburn a yau yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane 15 da suka ci lambar yabo ta Oscar, Emmy, Grammy da Tony.
Rayuwar jama'a
Bayan barin babban fim din, ‘yar wasan ta karbi mukamin jakadiya ta musamman ta UNICEF - kungiyar kasa da kasa da ke aiki a karkashin kulawar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ya kamata a lura cewa ta fara aiki tare da kungiyar a cikin tsakiyar shekaru 50.
A wannan lokacin a cikin tarihinta, Hepburn ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen rediyo. Jin daɗin matuƙar godiya game da ceton da ta yi bayan mamayar 'yan Nazi, sai ta sadaukar da kanta don inganta rayuwar yara da ke zaune a ƙasashe na uku.
Ilimin Audrey na harsuna da yawa ya taimaka mata wajen aiwatar da aikin da aka ɗora mata: Faransanci, Ingilishi, Sifaniyanci, Italiyanci da Yaren mutanen Holland. Gaba ɗaya, ta yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa fiye da ƙasashe 20 na ƙasashe masu talauci, tana taimaka wa matalauta da marasa galihu.
Hepburn ya jagoranci wasu ayyukan agaji da na jin kai da suka shafi samar da abinci da manyan alluran rigakafi.
Tafiyar karshe ta Audrey ta gudana ne a Somalia - watanni 4 kafin mutuwarta. Ta kira wannan ziyarar da "azanci". A wata hira, matar ta ce: “Na shiga cikin wani mummunan yanayi. Na ga yunwa a kasashen Habasha da Bangaladash, amma ban ga wani abu makamancin haka ba - ya fi yadda na zata. Ban kasance a shirye don wannan ba. "
Rayuwar mutum
A yayin daukar fim din "Sabrina" tsakanin Hepburn da William Holden sun fara al'amari. Kodayake mai wasan kwaikwayo ya kasance mai aure, amma ana ganin yaudara a cikin iyalinsa abu ne na al'ada.
A lokaci guda, don kare kansa daga haihuwar yara da ba a so, William ya yanke shawara a kan vasectomy - haifuwa ta hanyar tiyata, sakamakon wannan mutum yana riƙe da halayen jima'i, amma ba zai iya samun yara ba. Lokacin da Audrey, wanda ya yi mafarkin yara, ya sami labarin wannan, nan da nan ta yanke hulɗa da shi.
Ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, darekta Mel Ferrera a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa ga Mel wannan ya riga ya kasance aure na 4. Ma'auratan sun rayu tare tsawon shekaru 14, sun rabu a 1968. A cikin wannan haɗin gwiwar, ma'auratan sun sami ɗa, Sean.
Hepburn ya gamu da rabuwar wahala daga mijinta, saboda wannan dalilin ne ya tilasta mata neman taimakon likita daga malamin hauka Andrea Dotti. Sanin juna da kyau, likita da mara lafiyan sun fara haɗuwa. A sakamakon haka, wannan soyayyar ta ƙare a cikin bikin aure.
Ba da daɗewa ba, Audrey da Andrea sun haifi ɗa, Luka. Da farko, komai ya tafi daidai, amma daga baya alaƙar su ta yanke. Dotty ya ci gaba da yaudarar matar sa, wanda hakan ya kara raba kan ma'auratan kuma, sakamakon hakan, ya haifar da rabuwar aure.
Matar ta sake fuskantar soyayya tun tana shekara 50. Masoyinta ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Robert Walders, wanda yake da shekaru 7 ƙanana da Audrey. Sun kasance cikin auren jama'a, har zuwa mutuwar Hepburn.
Mutuwa
Aiki a UNICEF na gajiyar da Audrey sosai. Balaguro mara iyaka ya cutar da lafiyarta sosai. A ziyararta ta karshe a Somaliya, ta kamu da ciwon ciki mai tsanani. Likitoci sun shawarce ta da ta bar aikin da gaggawa ta koma ga manyan masu fada a ji na Turai, amma ta ƙi.
Hepburn ya sami gwajin cancanta lokacin da ya dawo gida. Likitocin sun gano tana da ƙari a cikin mahaifarta, sakamakon haka aka yi mata aikin cikin nasara. Koyaya, bayan makonni 3, mai zane-zane ya sake fara fuskantar azaba mara nauyi.
Ya zama cewa ƙari ya haifar da samuwar metastases. An gargadi Audrey cewa ba ta daɗe da rayuwa. Sakamakon haka, ta tafi Switzerland, zuwa garin Toloshenaz, tunda likitoci ba za su iya taimaka mata ba.
Ta shafe kwanaki na ƙarshe tare da yara da ƙaunataccen mijinta. Audrey Hepburn ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1993 yana da shekara 63.
Hoto daga Audrey Hepburn
