Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford na Nelson (1871-1937) - Masanin ilmin kimiyyar lissafi dan asalin Burtaniya dan asalin New Zealand. An san shi da "uba" na kimiyyar lissafi. Mahaliccin samfurin duniya na zarra. 1908 lambar yabo ta Nobel a Chemistry
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Ernest Rutherford, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin rayuwar Rutherford.
Tarihin rayuwar Rutherford
An haifi Ernest Rutherford a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 1871 a ƙauyen Spring Grove (New Zealand). Ya girma kuma ya girma a gidan wani manomi, James Rutherford, da matarsa, Martha Thompson, wacce ke aiki a matsayin malamin makaranta.
Baya ga Ernest, an haifi wasu yara 11 a cikin dangin Rutherford.
Yara da samari
Tun daga ƙuruciyarsa, Ernest ya bambanta da son sani da aiki tuƙuru. Ya kasance da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai ban mamaki kuma ya kasance lafiyayye mai ƙarfi.
Masanin nan gaba ya kammala karatunsa na girmamawa daga makarantar firamare, bayan haka ya shiga Kwalejin Nelson. Cibiyar karatun sa ta gaba ita ce Kwalejin Canterbury, da ke cikin Christchurch.
A lokacin wannan tarihin nasa, Rutherford ya karanci ilimin kimiyyar sinadarai da kimiyyar lissafi da matukar sha'awa.
Yana ɗan shekara 21, Ernest ya sami lambar yabo don rubuta mafi kyawun aiki a fannin lissafi da lissafi. A shekarar 1892 aka bashi taken Master of Arts, bayan haka ya fara gudanar da bincike na kimiyya da gwaji.
Aikin farko na Rutherford an kira shi "Magnetisation of iron in high-frequency discharges." Ya bincika halin hawan igiyar ruwa mai ƙarfi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, Ernest Rutherford shi ne farkon wanda ya fara karɓar mai karɓar rediyo, a gaban mahaliccinsa Marconi. Wannan na'urar ta zama farkon gano maganadisu a duniya.
Ta hanyar mai ganowa, Rutherford ya sami nasarar karɓar siginar da abokan aikinsa, waɗanda suke daga gare shi a nisan kusan kilomita, ke ba shi.
A cikin 1895, an ba Ernest kyautar karatu a Burtaniya. A sakamakon haka, ya yi sa'a ya tafi Ingila ya yi aiki a Cavendish Laboratory a Jami'ar Cambridge.
Ayyukan kimiyya
A Biritaniya, tarihin rayuwar kimiyya na Ernest Rutherford ya bunkasa yadda ya kamata.
A jami'a, masanin kimiyya ya zama dalibin digiri na farko na shugabanta Joseph Thomson. A wannan lokacin, mutumin yana binciken ionization na gas a ƙarƙashin tasirin X-rays.
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 27, Rutherford ya zama mai sha'awar nazarin uranium radioactive radiation - "Becquerel rays". Abin mamaki ne cewa Pierre da Marie Curie suma sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje akan radiyo tare da shi.
Daga baya, Ernest ya fara zurfafa bincike kan rabin rayuwar, wanda ya tace halaye na abubuwa, don haka ya bude tsarin rabin rayuwar.
A cikin 1898 Rutherford ya tafi aiki a Jami'ar McGill a Montreal. A can ya fara aiki sosai tare da masanin rediyon Ingilishi Frederick Soddy, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance mai sauki ne a dakin gwaje-gwaje a sashen ilimin sunadarai.
A cikin 1903, Ernest da Frederick sun gabatarwa da duniyar kimiyya ra'ayin juyin juya hali game da canjin abubuwa a yayin lalacewar rediyo. Ba da daɗewa ba kuma suka tsara dokokin canji.
Daga baya, Dmitry Mendeleev ya inganta ra'ayoyinsu ta amfani da tsarin lokaci-lokaci. Don haka, ya bayyana sarai cewa kayan aikin sunadaran sun dogara ne akan nauyin kwayar zarra.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1904-1905. Rutherford ya wallafa ayyuka biyu - "Radioactivity" da "Canza radiyo".
A cikin ayyukansa, masanin kimiyya ya yanke shawarar cewa kwayoyin halitta sune tushen radadin radiyo. Ya gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa akan rufin zinare mai haske tare da ƙwayoyin alpha, yana lura da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ernest Rutherford shine farkon wanda ya gabatar da ra'ayin tsarin kwayar zarra. Ya ba da shawarar cewa kwayar zarra tana da siffa mai zubewa tare da caji mai kyau, tare da caji mara kyau mara kyau a ciki.
Daga baya, masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kirkira samfurin kwayar zarra. Koyaya, wannan tsarin ya sabawa dokokin ilimin lantarki wanda James Maxwell da Michael Faraday suka fitar.
Masana kimiyya sun iya tabbatar da cewa wani hanzarin caji ba shi da kuzari saboda tasirin lantarki. Saboda wannan dalili, Rutherford ya ci gaba da gyara tunaninsa.
A cikin 1907 Ernest Rutherford ya zauna a Manchester, inda ya fara aiki a Jami'ar Victoria. A shekara mai zuwa, ya ƙirƙira maɓallin ƙwayar alpha tare da Hans Geiger.
Daga baya, Rutherford ya fara aiki tare da Niels Bohr, wanda shine marubucin ka'idar jimla. Masana kimiyyar lissafi sun cimma matsayar cewa electrons suna zagawa da tsakiya a cikin falaki.
Misalinsu na kwayar zarra wani ci gaba ne a fannin kimiyya, wanda hakan ya sa dukkanin masana kimiyya suka sake yin la’akari da ra’ayoyinsu kan kwayoyin halitta da motsi.
Yana ɗan shekara 48, Ernest Rutherford ya zama farfesa a Jami'ar Cambridge. A wancan lokacin a tarihin rayuwarsa, ya ji daɗin girma a cikin jama'a kuma yana da manyan lambobin yabo.
A cikin 1931 Rutherford aka ba shi taken Baron. A wancan lokacin ya kafa gwaje-gwajen akan raba kwayar zarra da canjin abubuwan sunadarai. Bugu da kari, ya bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
Rayuwar mutum
A 1895, an yi yarjejeniya tsakanin Ernest Rutherford da Mary Newton. Ya kamata a lura cewa yarinyar ta kasance 'yar uwargidan gidan kwana, inda masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya rayu a lokacin.
Matasa sun yi aure shekaru 5 daga baya. Ba da daɗewa ba ma'auratan suka sami 'yarsu tilo, wacce suka sa mata suna Eileen Mary.
Mutuwa
Ernest Rutherford ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 1937, kwanaki 4 bayan aiki na gaggawa saboda cutar da ba a zata ba - cutar hernia da ba ta jin daɗi. A lokacin mutuwarsa, babban malamin ilimin yana da shekaru 66 a duniya.
An binne Rutherford tare da cikakkiyar girmamawa a Westminster Abbey. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce an binne shi kusa da kabarin Newton, Darwin da Faraday.
Hoto daga Ernest Rutherford
