Astrakhan Kremlin, wanda aka gina akan babban tsibirin Hare, kewaye da koguna kewaye da shi: Volga, Kutuma da Tsarev, sun kasance a matsayin matsuguni wanda ya kare kan iyakokin kudancin jihar ta Moscow daga mamayar makiya daga ranar kafuwarta. Cossack Erik ya rufe shi a cikin zoben ruwa ɗaya, ya zama cikas ga maharan da suka yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukar Astrakhan.
Bayan bango mai karfi, abubuwa 22 na musamman na tarihi da al'adu na tsaron Rasha, coci da gine-ginen farar hula na 16 - farkon ƙarni na 20 an kiyaye su har zuwa yau, waɗanda suka sami matsayin abubuwan jan hankali na tarayya ƙarƙashin kariyar jihar.
Tarihin Astrakhan Kremlin
Ginin ginin Kremlin na kariya ya fara ne a tsakiyar karni na 16 bisa tsarin injiniyan Vyrodkov tare da bangon katako mai katako biyu. An cika ƙofofin bangon da ƙasa da manyan duwatsu. Ginin shinge a cikin shimfidar sa ya kasance a cikin hanyar alwatika mai kusurwa dama tare da koli wanda aka nufi kudu maso yamma. Shekaru huɗu bayan fara ginin, hasumiya da ƙofar shiga sun bayyana a cikin Kremlin.
Bayan karɓar sabbin ƙasashe zuwa ƙasar Rasha da samun damar zuwa Tekun Caspian, mahimmancin sansanin soja ya haɓaka. A lokacin mulkin Ivan mai ban tsoro, aka fara gina sansanin soja na dutse, wanda ya ƙare tare da Boris Godunov. Complexungiyoyin gine-gine, coci da tsarin farar hula sun haɓaka kewaye da hasumiyar.
Hasken kararrawa na Prechistenskaya
Ofar Prechistenskaya Gateofar tana tsaye a gaban ƙirar sama tare da hasumiyar ƙwanƙwasa mai fararen dusar ƙanƙara mai hawa huɗu mai tsayin mita 80. Belfry, wanda aka gina a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 18, an sake gina shi sau huɗu saboda yawan gangaren da ƙasa ke haifarwa. A ƙarshen karni na 19, karkatar ta bayyana a fili cewa mutanen gari sun kira shi "Hasumiyar Leaning na Pisa".
Shekarar 1910 sabuwar haihuwa ce ga hawan kararrawa na musamman albarkacin mai tsara gine-ginen Karyagin, wanda ya gina ta a cikin tsohuwar salon fasalin Rasha. A cikin 1912, an kawata belfry da kidan kade-kade na lantarki, ana fitar da kidan kida kowane minti 15, kuma da karfe 12:00 da 18:00 - ana kunna babbar waka ta Mikhail Glinka "Glory". Irin wannan hasumiyar ƙararrawa ta Prechistenskaya, wanda aka nuna a hoton yawancin hanyoyin yawon buɗe ido, muna gani a yau.
Asshed Cathedral
Kusa da sanannen hasumiyar ƙararrawa tana da Cathedral na Assumption of the Holy Holy Theotokos, wanda aka gina tun shekara ta 1699 tsawon shekaru 12. Babban majami'a mai hawa biyu, wanda aka gina shi a cikin al'adun cocin Moscow baroque, ya tashi, yana walƙiya da gwal guda biyar na zinariya da aka rataye da giciye. Fuskokin dusar ƙanƙara masu farin ciki tare da fasahar aikin sassaƙa dutse.
Haikalin ƙaramin bene, wanda aka keɓe don gamuwa da Alamar Mahaifiyar Vladimir, yana ƙasa, kuma yayi aiki a matsayin kabarin kabari ga manyan malamai. Ya ƙunshi kifin kifi da kayan tarihi na tsarkaka: Theodosius da Metropolitan Joseph, waɗanda aka kashe a lokacin tawayen Stepan Razin, sarakunan Georgia - Vakhtang VI da Teimuraz II an binne su.
Cocin Assumption, wanda ke kan bene, babban gini ne wanda aka yi niyya don sabis na allahntaka. Ganuwar marmara, tagogi masu bene biyu, ginshiƙai, kayan alatu na iconostasis, frescoes na silsilar Byzantine da zanen Palekh na kayan kwalliya - wannan shine yadda cikin haikalin yake bayyana a gaban baƙi.
Trinity Cathedral da Cyril Chapel
Cocin, wanda aka gina don girmama Triniti mai ba da rai a cikin 1576 a gidan sufi na maza, ɗayan tsoffin gine-gine ne a cikin Kremlin. A farkon karni na 17, an maye gurbin cocin katako da babban cocin dutse, wanda aka sake gina shi sau da yawa fiye da ƙarni uku bayan gobara da yaƙe-yaƙe.
A yau Trinity Cathedral babban rukuni ne na coci-coci guda uku: Sretenskaya, Vvedenskaya da Triniti, waɗanda suke kan bene ɗaya tare da matattara biyu kusa da su. Babban cocin yana dauke da kaburburan bishop din Astrakhan na farko. A cewar tatsuniya, kusa da gefen arewacin haikalin akwai ragowar mutane 441 mazauna Astrakhan, wanda 'yan tawaye Stepan Razin suka azabtar da su.
An dawo da facades na Cathedral Triniti kuma an kawo su zuwa asalin su. A cikin 2018, aikin maidowa yana ci gaba da kammalawa a cikin haikalin.
Muna baka shawara ka kalli Novgorod Kremlin.
Kusa da babban cocin ne gidan cocin Cyril, inda aka binne mahifin farko na Majami'ar Triniti, Cyril.
Kofar Gida ta St. Nicholas the Wonderworker
Cocin ƙofar, wanda aka sa wa sunan tsarkaka, bisa ga tsohuwar al'adar Kirista, ta kasance mai kula da birni da mazaunanta. Ginin olsofar Nikolsky a cikin hasumiyar arewa da kuma cocin ƙofar St. Nicholas the Wonderworker an yi su a lokaci ɗaya tare da ginin dutse Astrakhan Kremlin.
Theofofin sun kai ga dutsen da aka sa jiragen ruwa daban-daban, ciki har da jirgin Peter I, wanda ya ziyarci Kremlin a farkon ƙarni na 18. A cikin 1738 aka sake sake ginin cocin da ya lalace a cikin salon zamanin Zamanin Tsakiyar Rasha. Wallsaƙan bangon coci mai farin-dutse, wanda aka lulluɓe da alfarwa, an yi masa kambi tare da ƙaramar dome albasa, ya bayyana a saman dutsen da ke ƙofar hanyar wucewa.
Hasumiyar Kremlin
An kiyaye Astrakhan Kremlin ta tsarin ingantaccen tsari na hasumiyoyi 8, wanda ya haɗu da nassoshi: makafi, wanda yake a bango, mai kusurwa, wanda yake fitowa daga bango da tafiya, wanda yake a ƙofar. Bangon hasumiyar ya kai tsawon mita 3.5. An saka rawanin katako na katako tare da tanti na katako, wanda ke da ɗakunan tsaro. Kowace ɗayan hasumiyar ta yi nata aikin yayin kare sansanin soja:
- Ana iya ganin hasumiyar makafin Bishop a gefen hagu na babbar ƙofar Kremlin - Hasumiyar ƙofar Prechistenskaya. An gina ganuwar hasumiya a cikin yanayin su na yanzu yayin sake gina 1828. Hasumiyar bishop an sake kiranta da suna a shekara ta 1602, lokacin da aka kafa diocese na Astrakhan, inda aka ware fili a yankin kudu maso gabashin Kremlin. An gina gida mai hawa biyu na dutse na Metropolitan a farfajiyar bishop - gini tare da ɗakuna da cocin gida. Sakamakon sake ginawa, gidan bishop din ya zama hawa hudu. Daga asalin ginin akan facade, tsofaffin tayal guda uku sun rayu, waɗanda ke nuna: Alexander the Great tare da saber, sirdi doki, zaki da ke tsaron gidan sarki da hoton dodo mai fuka-fukai.
- Hasumiyar makaho ta Zhitnaya, wacce ke gefen kudu na sansanin soja, an kiyaye ta a cikin asalin ta saboda godiyar ruwa da gine-gine daga ɓangarori daban-daban. Zhitny Dvor ne ya ba da sunan hasumiyar - wuri ne da aka killace kusa da bangon kudu, inda aka yi gine-gine don adana hatsi da sauran abinci.
- Tsarin gine-ginen kurame - Hasumiyar Kirimiya, ya samo sunan daga wurin da yake gaban hanyar ta Kirimiya, daga inda Krymchaks suka kai hari. Wannan katafaren tsari an maimaita shi saboda lalacewar da ya samu yayin tunkarar harin makiya.
- Hasumiyar Red Gate tana cikin arewa maso yamma na bangon Kremlin sama da babban bankin Volga. Ya banbanta da wasu a ƙirar rufi mai gefe 12, wanda ya ba da fa'ida cikin kariya daga abokan gaba. Dangane da rubutattun shaidu, kwanson kwando daga wannan hasumiyar ya tashi daga mita 200-300, kuma daga dandamalin sintiri, an sanya ido kan bankin na dama na Volga, daga inda makiya da ayarin motocin da ke shigowa da abinci ke zuwa. Hasumiyar ta sami sunan ta saboda kyan gani mai kyau. Bayan maido da 1958, sai aka tura gidan baje kolin kayan tarihi a ciki, inda aka gabatar da abubuwan da ke ba da labarin wanda ya gina Kremlin, tsofaffin hotunan da ba su cika gani ba wadanda ke bayanin abubuwan da ke faruwa a Kremlin, taswirar da ba safai da hotunan tsohuwar Astrakhan ba.
- Harshen arewa maso gabas na bangon kagara yana da alama ta Hasumiyar Artillery, kusa da ita tsohuwar yadin Zelein (gunpowder). Mujallar da aka adana tana da fa'ida a tsakar gida. Hasumiyar ba ta yi aikin kare Kremlin kawai ba, amma a cikin karni na 17, a lokacin yaƙin makiyaya a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Stepan Razin, ya kasance wurin dauri ga manyan mutane da jami'ai, inda aka gudanar da tambayoyi ta amfani da azabtarwa da kisan kai. Saboda haka, mutane sun kira shi Hasumiyar azaba. Abun ban haushi, bayan murkushe boren Razin da gwamnatin tsarist, 'yan tawayen sun dandana irin wannan yanayin a cikin hasumiyar. Filin na Zeleyny Dvor ya zama wuri inda ake baje kolin kayan tarihi na dā, kuma a cikin hasumiyar akwai baje kolin gabatar da baƙi game da yadda aka aiwatar da hukuncin al'aura a ƙarni na 16 zuwa 18 a masarautar Moscow. Saukowa a ƙarƙashin baka na Mujallar Foda, baƙi zuwa baje kolin za su sami ilimi mai ban sha'awa game da asali da haɓaka bindigogi.
Sirrin Kofar Ruwa
A lokacin sake ginawa a 1970 wani sashe na bangon kagara daga Nikolsky zuwa Jan Kofa, an sami wani ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoye a ƙarƙashin harsashin rugujewar tsohuwar rashin lafiyar sojoji. An yi layin corridor da aka haƙa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa da tubula. An rufe hanyar fita zuwa waje da wani ƙarfe mai nauyin ƙarfe wanda ke tashi da faɗuwa yayin da durwar injinan ke juyawa. An tabbatar da sanannen labari game da hanyar jirgin ƙasa zuwa Volga. Buyayyar wuri a ƙarƙashin dutsen ƙofa ce ta ruwa wacce ta zama hanya ɗaya tilo ta sake cika kayan ruwa a yayin kewaye da sansanin soja.
Ginin tsaro
An gina gidan tsaro na farko a farkon karni na 18 a lokacin mulkin Peter I. Gidan tsaron, wanda ya bayyana a idanun baƙi na Kremlin a yau, ya koma 1808. An gina shi a kan shafin tsohon ɗakin tsaro don masu gadin. Yanzu, ana gudanar da balaguro a kewayen gidan tsaro, wanda baƙi za su koyi cikakkun bayanai masu ban sha'awa na rayuwa da hidimar sojoji a cikin karni na 19, bincika cikin ɗakin jami'in da ke ofishin da kuma kwamandan rundunar, sannan su ziyarci wuraren da fursunoni suke.
Gidan Tarihi na Kremlin
Bude gidan kayan tarihin da aka ajiye "Astrakhan Kremlin" don baƙi ya kasance 1974. Abubuwan da aka dawo da su sun haɗa da: gidan kayan tarihin kayan ɗabi'a tare da ɗimbin tarin abubuwa da baje kolin abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke bayyana tarihin Kremlin, Astrakhan da Rasha daga Tsakiyar Zamani har zuwa yau. Tsohuwar rumbunan ajiye makamai na da cibiyar baje koli wanda ke daukar nauyin baje kolin shahararrun masu zane-zane, adadi na kakin zuma da nasarorin kimiyya. A kowace shekara gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Astrakhan yana nuna wasan opera "Boris Godunov" akasin abubuwan tarihi wadanda suke hidimtawa a sararin samaniya.
Kowane ɗayan ginin na Kremlin yana da nasa tatsuniyoyi da sirri na ban sha'awa, waɗanda jagorori ke faɗar da su da sha'awa. Daga hasumiyar lura da Red Gate, an buɗe ra'ayoyi masu ban mamaki kuma an sami hotuna masu ban sha'awa waɗanda zasu tunatar da ku game da Astrakhan da lu'ulu'un ta - Kremlin.
Ina Astrakhan Kremlin, buɗe awowi da yadda ake zuwa
Adireshin rukunin gidan kayan gargajiya: Astrakhan, Trediakovskogo street, 2.
Lokacin aiki masu dacewa daga 7:00 zuwa 20:00 suna baka damar zama a Kremlin duk tsawon yini. Ba shi da wuya a isa wurin gani na musamman. Motar bas # 30, trolleybus # 2 da ƙananan motoci da yawa suna zuwa kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa, kusa da inda tashar motar take. Ya kamata ku je dandalin Lenin ko Square na Oktoba. Suna nesa ne kawai daga Kremlin, wanda hasumiyar ƙararrawa ta Prechistenskaya ke jagoranta.
Kyakkyawan kyawawan abubuwan farin gine-ginen gine-ginen Rasha, kamar maganadisu, yana jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa zuwa Astrakhan Kremlin. Jin ƙarfin kuzari, wanda ke ɗauke da shi zuwa zamanin tsohuwar Rasha, baya barin nan, yana haifar da sha'awar sake komawa Astrakhan.
