Seren Obu Kierkegaard (1813-1855) - Dan Falsafa mai ilimin addini, masanin halayyar dan adam kuma marubuci. Wanda ya kafa rayuwa.
Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a tarihin Seren Kierkegaard, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, ga takaitaccen tarihin Kierkegaard.
Tarihin rayuwar Serena Kierkegaard
An haifi Seren Kierkegaard a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1813 a Copenhagen. Ya girma kuma ya girma a gidan wani hamshakin attajiri Peter Kierkegaard. Falsafa shine ƙaramin yaro ga iyayensa.
Bayan mutuwar shugaban gidan, yaransa sun sami babban rabo. Godiya ga wannan, Seren ya sami damar samun ingantaccen ilimi. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 27, ya kammala karatunsa daga karatun ilimin tauhidi na Jami'ar Copenhagen.
Bayan shekara guda, aka baiwa Kierkegaard digirin digirgir, yana kare rubutun nasa "A batun irony, tare da kira ga Socrates a kai a kai." Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa iyaye tun suna yara sun cusa wa yaransu ƙaunar Allah.
Koyaya, bayan ya shiga jami'a kuma ya saba da falsafar Girka, Serenus ya sake fasalin ra'ayoyinsa na addini. Ya fara nazarin abin da aka rubuta a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki ta wata fuska dabam.
Falsafa
A cikin 1841, Kierkegaard ya zauna a Berlin, inda ya ba da lokaci mai yawa don tunani game da rayuwar ɗan adam da ɗabi'ar sa. A lokaci guda, ya sake nazarin koyarwar addini da ya yi riko da ita tun yarinta da samartaka.
A wannan lokacin ne na tarihin rayuwarsa Seren ya fara kirkirar hikimominsa na falsafa. A shekarar 1843 ya wallafa shahararren aikinsa Ili-Ili, amma ba da sunansa ba, amma a karkashin sunan Victor Eremit.
A cikin wannan littafin, Seren Kierkegaard ya bayyana matakai 3 na rayuwar mutum: kyakkyawa, da'a da addini. A cewar marubucin, babban matakin ci gaban mutum shi ne addini.
Bayan wasu shekaru daga baya, an sake buga wata muhimmiyar yarjejeniya ta Kierkegaard, Matakan Hanyar Rayuwa. Sannan hankali ya koma kan wani aikin falsafa "Tsoro da tsoro", wanda yayi magana akan imani da Allah.
Littafin "Rashin Lafiya zuwa Mutuwa" ya tashi da ƙarancin sha'awar masu karatu. Aikin addini ne wanda aka keɓe ga yare na yanke kauna, game da nau'ikan zunubai. A fahimtarsa, zunubi yana nufin a cikin sifar yanke kauna, kuma ya kamata a ga zunubi akasin rashin halin kirki, amma bangaskiya.
A lokacin rayuwarsa, Soren Kierkegaard ya zama kakannin wanzuwar rayuwa - ci gaba a falsafar karni na 20, yana mai da hankali kan keɓantuwar wanzuwar ɗan adam. Ya yi magana mara kyau game da hankali, sannan kuma ya soki magoya bayan tsarin ra'ayi na falsafa.
Kierkegaard ya kira abubuwan da ke akwai kawai wadanda ba su ba da dalilin yin tunani game da kai ba, saboda tunani game da wani abu, mutum yana tsoma baki tare da tsarin yanayin yadda abubuwa suke gudana. Sakamakon haka, an riga an canza abu ta hanyar kallo sabili da haka ya daina wanzuwa.
A cikin falsafar wanzu, ta hanyar kwarewar abubuwan da suka faru ne, ba wai yin zuzzurfan tunani ba, ake ɗaukar yiwuwar sanin duniyar da ke kewaye da mu. Ana sanin gaskiyar maƙasudin, kuma yakamata a kasance da gaskiyar wanzuwar kawai.
A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na tarihinsa, Soren Kierkegaard musamman ya soki lamirin rayuwar Kirista, wato sha'awar rayuwa cikin farin ciki da annashuwa kuma a lokaci guda ya kira kansa Kirista. Daga dukkan nau'ikan iko, ya ware tsarin sarauta, yayin da yake daukar dimokiradiyya mafi munin.
Rayuwar mutum
Lokacin da Kierkegaard yake kimanin shekaru 24, ya haɗu da Regina Olsen, wacce ke da shekaru 9 da haihuwa. Yarinyar kuma tana sha'awar falsafa, wanda a cikin hakan matasa ke da batutuwan gama gari da yawa na sadarwa.
A cikin 1840, Serain da Regina sun ba da sanarwar haɗin kansu. Koyaya, kusan nan da nan mutumin ya fara shakkar cewa zai iya kasancewa mutum mai kyakkyawan misali. Dangane da wannan, bayan kammala yarjejeniyar, ya ba da duk lokacin hutu ga rubutu.
Kimanin shekara guda bayan haka, Kierkegaard ya rubuta wasika zuwa ga yarinyar inda ya sanar da rabuwar. Ya bayyana shawarar sa da cewa ba zai iya hada aiki da rayuwar aure ba. A sakamakon haka, mai tunani ya kasance mara aure har tsawon rayuwarsa kuma ba shi da zuriya.
Mutuwa
Seren Kierkegaard ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1855 yana da shekara 42. A daidai lokacinda ake kamuwa da cutar mura, ya kamu da cutar tarin fuka, wanda yayi sanadiyyar mutuwarsa.
Kierkegaard Hotuna
