Gami da baƙin ƙarfe da carbon tare da ƙananan ƙarin abubuwan wasu abubuwa waɗanda ake kira baƙin ƙarfe sananne ga ɗan adam fiye da shekaru 2500. Sauƙin samarwa, ƙananan tsada dangane da wasu karafa da kyawawan halaye na zahiri sun sa baƙin ƙarfe tsakanin shugabannin a cikin ƙarfe na dogon lokaci. An yi amfani da shi don yin kayayyaki da injina da yawa don dalilai iri-iri, daga kayan masarufi zuwa abubuwan tarihi masu tarin ton da sassan kayan aikin inji.
A cikin decadesan shekarun da suka gabata, advancedan kayan zamani masu haɓaka sun ƙara zuwa don maye gurbin baƙin ƙarfe, amma ba zai yiwu a bar baƙin ƙarfe da daddare ba - sauyawa zuwa sabbin kayan aiki da fasaha suna da tsada sosai. Ironarfin alade zai kasance ɗayan manyan nau'ikan kayayyakin ƙarfe na dogon lokaci mai zuwa. Anan ga karamin zaɓi na gaskiya game da wannan gami:
1. Amsa tambayar "Menene ƙarfen ƙarfe-ƙarfe?" ya zama dole kar a ce "baƙin ƙarfe" a miƙe, amma don fayyace menene abun cikin carbon a cikin wannan gami. Saboda karafa shima wani ƙarfe ne na baƙin ƙarfe tare da carbon, ƙananan carbon ne kawai a ciki. Ironarfin baƙin ƙarfe ya ƙunshi daga 2.14% carbon.
2. A aikace, yana da wuya a ƙayyade ko samfurin na baƙin ƙarfe ne ko ƙarfe. Ironarfen baƙin ƙarfe yana da ɗan haske kaɗan, amma kuna buƙatar samun irin wannan abu don kwatanta nauyi. Gabaɗaya, baƙin ƙarfe yana da magnetism mai rauni fiye da ƙarfe, amma akwai darajoji da yawa na ƙarfe tare da haɓakar maganadisu na baƙin ƙarfe. Hanya tabbatacciya ita ce ta samun danyan itace ko aski. Alade da baƙin ƙarfe sawdust yana tozarta hannaye, kuma askewar ya kusan ƙura.
3. Kalmar Rashanci sosai "baƙin ƙarfe" yana ba da asalin Sinanci ƙarfe - an haɗa shi da sautuna masu alaƙa da hieroglyphs "kasuwanci" da "zuba".
4. Sinawa sun karɓi baƙin ƙarfe na farko kamar ƙarni na 6 kafin haihuwar Yesu. e. An ƙarni kaɗan bayan haka, ƙera ƙarfe ya mallaki tsoffin ƙarfe masu ƙarfe. A cikin Turai da Rasha, sun koyi yin aiki da baƙin ƙarfe tuni a tsakiyar zamanai.
5. China ta ƙware da fasahar yin baƙin ƙarfe sosai kuma ta samar da samfuran samfuran daga wannan abu, daga maɓallan zuwa manyan zane-zane. Yawancin gidaje suna da faren wok na ƙarfe-mai walƙiya mai walƙiya wanda zai iya zuwa mita ɗaya a diamita.
6. A lokacin yada yaduwar baƙin ƙarfe, mutane sun riga sun san yadda ake aiki tare da sauran ƙarfe, amma baƙin ƙarfe ya fi araha da ƙarfi fiye da tagulla ko tagulla kuma da sauri ya sami farin jini.
7. An yi amfani da baƙin ƙarfe a cikin manyan bindigogi. A tsakiyar zamanai, an jefa ganguna biyu da keɓaɓɓu daga gare ta. Bugu da ƙari, har ma da bayyanar ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe, wanda ke da ɗimbin yawa, kuma, bisa ga haka, nauyi idan aka kwatanta shi da na dutse, ya riga ya kasance juyi, yana ba da damar rage nauyi, tsawon ganga da ƙirar bindigogi. Sai kawai a tsakiyar karni na 19 aka fara sauyawa daga baƙin ƙarfe zuwa sandunan ƙarfe.
8. Dogaro da sinadarin carbon, kaddarorin jiki da burin samarwa, nau'ikan baƙin ƙarfe 5 an rarrabe: baƙin alade, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, mai sulɓi, launin toka da fari.
9. A Rasha, a karo na farko, anyi amfani da iskar gas a narkewar baƙin ƙarfe.
10. Karanta littattafai game da zamanin juyi da farkon karni na 20, kar a rude ka: "baƙin ƙarfe" tukunyar baƙin ƙarfe ne, kuma "baƙin ƙarfe" hanyar jirgin ƙasa ce. Ana yin raƙuman ƙarfe da baƙin ƙarfe nan da nan bayan ƙirƙirar tafki a farkon karni na 19, kuma ana kiran baƙin ƙarfe da tsada na wasu shekaru 150.
11. Tsarin narke baƙin ƙarfen alade yana farawa tare da cire ƙazanta daga ma'adinai, kuma ya ƙare da shakar carbon ta baƙin ƙarfe. Gaskiya ne, wannan bayanin ya sauƙaƙa sosai - haɗin carbon tare da ƙarfe a cikin baƙin ƙarfe ya bambanta sosai da mahimmancin haɗin datti, kuma har ma da iskar oxygen da baƙin ƙarfe a cikin tama. Tsarin kansa yana faruwa a cikin murhun wuta.
12. Cast baƙin ƙarfe cookware ne a zahiri har abada. Gwanon ƙarfe da kwanon rufi na iya hidimtawa iyalai tsararraki. Kari akan haka, akan tsohuwar karfen karfe, wani abin halitta wanda ba sandare ba saboda yanayin shigar kitse a cikin micropores akan fuskar kwanon rufi ko baƙin ƙarfe. Gaskiya ne, wannan ya shafi tsoffin samfuran ne kawai - masana'antun zamani na kayan ƙarfe-ƙarfe suna amfani da suturar roba a ciki, waɗanda ke da halaye daban-daban kuma suna rufe ramuka daga ƙwayoyin mai.
13. Duk wani ƙwararren shugaba yana amfani da kayan girkin baƙin ƙarfe galibi.
14. Crankshafts na injinan dizal na mota an yi su ne da baƙin ƙarfe. Hakanan ana amfani da wannan karfe a cikin birki da bulolin injin.
15. Castarfe da baƙin ƙarfe ana amfani da shi sosai a aikin injiniya. Dukkanin kayan aikin kayan masarufi kamar su tushe, gadaje ko manyan bishiyoyi an yi su ne da baƙin ƙarfe.
16. Rolls Rolls for metallurgical rolling Mills ana yin su ne da baƙin ƙarfe.
17. A cikin aikin famfo, samar da ruwa, dumama da kuma lambatu, yanzu ana maye gurbin ƙarfe da kayan aiki na zamani, amma tsohuwar kayan har yanzu ana buƙata.
18. Mafi yawan kayan adon da aka sanya a jikin bango, wasu kofofin da aka yi wa ado da shinge da kuma wasu abubuwan tarihi a cikin St.
19. A cikin St. Petersburg, akwai gadoji da yawa waɗanda aka yi da sassan baƙin ƙarfe. Duk da rauni na kayan, ƙirar injiniya mai wayo ya ba da damar gadoji su tsaya na shekaru 200. Kuma an gina gada ta ƙarfe ta farko a shekara ta 1777 a Burtaniya.
20. A cikin shekarar 2017, an narkar da ton biliyan 1.2 na baƙin alade a duniya. Kusan kashi 60% na baƙin aladen duniya ana samar da shi a cikin PRC. Masanan karafa na Rasha suna a matsayi na hudu - tan miliyan 51.6 - a baya, ban da China, Japan da Indiya.
