Arkady Isaakovich Raikin (1911-1987) - gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet, fage da dan wasan fim, darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo, mai nishadantarwa da kuma satirist. Mawallafin Mutane na USSR da Lenin Prize Laureate. Gwarzo na kwadagon gurguzu. Ya kasance ɗayan shahararrun masu ba da labarin Soviet a cikin tarihi.
Akwai tarihin abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa na tarihin Arkady Raikin, wanda zamuyi magana akan su a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin Arkady Raikin.
Tarihin rayuwar Arkady Raikin
An haifi Arkady Raikin a ranar 11 ga Oktoba (24), 1911 a cikin Riga. Ya girma cikin dangin yahudawa mai sauki.
Mahaifin mai raha, Isaak Davidovich, ya kasance dillalin tashar jiragen ruwa, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Leia Borisovna, tana aiki a matsayin ungozoma kuma suna kula da gida.
Baya ga Arkady, an haifi yaro Max da 'yan mata 2 - Bella da Sophia a cikin dangin Raikin.
Yara da samari
A farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Farko (1914-1918), duk dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Rybinsk, kuma 'yan shekaru daga baya zuwa St.
Arkady ya zama mai sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Tare da tsakar gida, ya shirya ƙananan wasanni, sannan daga baya ya shiga cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
Bugu da kari, Raikin yana da sha'awar zane. A makarantar sakandare, ya fuskanci matsala - don haɗa rayuwarsa da zane ko aiki.
Sakamakon haka, Arkady ya zaɓi ya gwada kansa a matsayin mai fasaha. Yana da kyau a lura cewa iyaye sun yi mummunan martani game da zaɓin ɗansu, amma saurayin har yanzu ya nace kan nasa.
Bayan ya sami takardar sheda, Raikin ya shiga kwalejin koyar da wasan kwaikwayo ta Leningrad, wanda hakan ya fusata mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa. Har ta kai ga an tilasta masa barin gidansa.
A cikin shekarun karatunsa, Arkady ya dauki darussa masu zaman kansu a lokacin wasa daga shahararren mai zane Mikhail Savoyarov. A nan gaba, mutumin zai bukaci kwarewar da Savoyarov zai koya masa.
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar koyon fasaha, Arkady ya sami shiga cikin rukunin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Leningrad Variety da Miniature Theater, inda ya sami damar bayyana cikakkiyar damar sa.
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
Yayin da take dalibi, Raikin ya halarci kide kide da wake-wake na yara. Lambobinsa sun haifar da cikakken dariya da farin ciki tsakanin yara.
A cikin 1939, babban abu na farko ya faru a cikin tarihin rayuwar Arkady. Ya sami nasarar lashe gasar gwanayen masu fasaha tare da lambobi - "Chaplin" da "Bear".
A gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Leningrad, Raikin ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a fagen wasan kwaikwayon, ya kware da salon nishadi. Ayyukansa sun kasance babbar nasara ce cewa bayan shekaru 3 an ba amintar da matashin mai matsayin daraktan zane-zane na tetra.
A lokacin Babban Yaƙin rioasa (1941-1945) Arkady ya ba da kide-kide a gaban, wanda aka zaba shi don kyaututtuka daban-daban, ciki har da Order of the Red Star.
Bayan yakin, dan wasan barkwanci ya koma gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasarsa, yana nuna sabbin lambobi da shirye-shirye.
Abin dariya
A ƙarshen 40s, Raikin, tare da satirist Vladimir Polyakov, sun kirkiro shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo: "Don Kofin Tea", "Kar Ku Wuce", "Magana Da Gaskiya".
Maganganun mutumin nan da nan sun sami ƙawancen ƙawancen Unionungiyoyin gama gari, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka fara nuna su a talabijin kuma ana kunna su a rediyo.
Masu sauraro musamman sun fi son waɗannan lambobin wanda a take mutumin ya canza kamanninsa nan take. A sakamakon haka, ya sami damar ƙirƙirar adadi mai yawa na haruffa daban-daban kuma ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin jagora na canjin mataki.
Ba da daɗewa ba, Arkady Raikin ya tafi rangadi zuwa ƙasashen ƙetare, ciki har da Hungary, Gabashin Jamus, Romania da Biritaniya.
Duk inda mai jiran gado na Rasha ya zo, ya yi nasara. Bayan kowane wasan kwaikwayon, masu sauraro sun ganshi da babbar murya.
Da zarar, yayin yawon shakatawa a Odessa, Arkady Isaakovich ya sadu da matasa masu fasaha na gida. Bayan haka, ya ba da haɗin kai ga sanannen Mikhail Zhvanetsky, da Roman Kartsev da Viktor Ilchenko.
Tare da wannan ƙungiyar, Raikin ya ƙirƙiri abubuwa da yawa masu haske waɗanda jama'ar Soviet suka karɓe su sosai. Daya daga cikin shahararrun al'amuran shine "Hasken Hanya".
Yana da kyau a lura cewa Arkady Raikin kusan shi kadai ne mai zane-zane wanda, a wancan lokacin mai wahala, ya kuskura ya yi magana game da siyasa da yanayin al'amuran ƙasar. A cikin maganganun sa, ya mai da hankali akai kan yadda iko zai iya lalata mutum.
Jawabai na satirist an rarrabe su da kaifin su da zage-zage, amma a lokaci guda koyaushe suna daidai kuma suna da hankali. Ganin lambobinsa, mai kallo na iya karanta tsakanin layin abin da marubucin yake so ya faɗi a cikinsu.
Jagorancin Leningrad ya kasance mai taka tsantsan da mai raha, sakamakon haka akwai kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin jami'an yankin da Raikin.
Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa Arkady Isaakovich ya gabatar da buƙata ta sirri ga Leonid Brezhnev da kansa, yana neman shi ya zauna a Moscow.
Bayan haka, mai wasan barkwanci tare da tawagarsa ya koma babban birni, inda ya ci gaba da ƙirƙirawa a Gidan Wasan Theasa na atananan Yara.
Raikin ya ba da kade kade da gabatar da sabbin shirye-shirye. Bayan fewan shekaru, an sake canza sunan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Jiha na Miniananan hotuna "Satyricon".
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa a yau shugaban "Satyricon" ɗa ne na babban mai zane - Konstantin Raikin.
Fina-finai
A tsawon shekarun tarihin sa, Arkady ya fito a fina-finai da yawa. A karo na farko a kan babban allo, ya fito a fim din "First Platoon" (1932), yana wasa soja a ciki.
Bayan haka, Raikin ya takaita ƙananan haruffa a cikin fina-finai irin su Direbobin Tarakta, Valery Chkalov da Shekarun Wuta.
A cikin 1954, an ba Arkady babban matsayi a cikin wasan kwaikwayon "Mun haɗu da ku a wani wuri," wanda ya sami karɓuwa daga masu sauraren Soviet.
Zane-zanen "Jiya, Yau da Kullum" da "Magicarfin Sihiri na Sihiri" sun sami ƙarancin shahara.
Koyaya, Raikin ya sami babban shahara bayan gabatarwar wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin "Mutane da Mannequins" da "Aminci ga Gidanku". A cikinsu ya gabatar da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa, kamar yadda koyaushe, maganganu masu faɗi akan batutuwan da suka fi dacewa.
Rayuwar mutum
Tare da rayuwarsa ta gaba kuma kawai matar, Ruth Markovna Ioffe, Raikin sun sadu da yara. Gaskiya ne, to ba shi da ƙarfin gwiwa don saduwa da yarinyar.
Daga baya, Arkady ya sake haɗuwa da kyakkyawar yarinya, amma don ya zo ya yi magana da ita, to ya zama kamar ba shi da gaskiya.
Kuma bayan 'yan shekaru kawai, lokacin da mutumin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, sai ya sami ƙarfin gwiwa don saduwa da Ruth. Sakamakon haka, matasa suka amince su je fim.
Bayan kallon fim din, Arkady ya nemi shawarar yarinyar. A shekarar 1935 ma'auratan suka yi aure. A cikin wannan auren, sun sami ɗa, Konstantin, da yarinya, Catherine.
Ma'auratan sun rayu kusan shekaru 50. Unionungiyoyinsu ana iya kiransu abin misali.
Mutuwa
Raikin ya fuskanci matsalolin lafiya a duk rayuwarsa. Yana dan shekara 13, ya kamu da wani mugun mura, ya sami ciwon makogwaro mai tsanani.
Cutar ta ci gaba da sauri da sauri har likitoci suka daina fatan cewa saurayin zai rayu. Duk da haka, saurayin ya sami nasarar fita.
Bayan shekaru 10, cutar ta sake dawowa, sakamakon haka ne Arkady ya cire ƙwayoyin cutar. Kuma kodayake aikin ya yi nasara, ya ci gaba da cutar cututtukan zuciya ga rayuwa.
Tsawon shekaru 3 da suka gabata, cutar ta Parkinson ta addabi mai zane, wanda har ya dauke magana.
Arkady Isaakovich Raikin ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Disamba (bisa ga wasu bayanan na 20 ga Disamba 20) 1987 saboda tsananin cutar cututtukan zuciya.
Hoto daga Arkady Raikin
