Gumakan Easter Island suna jan hankalin yawancin yawon bude ido don takamaiman ƙirar su. Wasu daga cikin su ana iya ganin su a cikin manyan gidajen tarihi a duniya, amma hanya mafi kyau ita ce zuwa Chile kuyi tafiya tsakanin gumaka, suna yaba girman su da bambancin su. An yi imani cewa an yi su ne a tazara daga 1250 zuwa 1500. Koyaya, asirin ƙirƙirar zane-zane har yanzu ana ba da shi ta maganar baki.
Gumakan Easter Island da ainihin halayensu
Mutane da yawa suna mamakin yadda mutum-mutumin irin wannan ya wanzu kuma daga ina waɗannan manyan jikin suka fito daga ƙaramin tsibiri. A halin yanzu, siffofi 887 masu girma dabam dabam, wadanda aka yi su iri daya, an gano su. Ana kuma kiran su moai. Gaskiya ne, mai yiwuwa ne tona ƙasa da aka yi lokaci lokaci zuwa lokaci a kan Tsibirin Easter zai kai ga gano ƙarin gumaka, waɗanda ƙabilun yankin ba su girka a wurin ba.
Abun yin mutum-mutumi na dutse shine tuffite - dutsen asalin volcanic. 95% na moai an yi shi ne daga tuff wanda aka samo daga dutsen Rano Raraku, wanda yake a tsibirin Easter. Kadan daga gumakan da aka yi daga wasu nau'ikan:
- trachita - mutum-mutumi 22;
- duwatsu masu laka daga dutsen tsawa na Ohio - 17;
- basalt - 13;
- mujierite na Rano Kao dutsen mai fitad da wuta - 1.
Yawancin kafofin suna ba da amintaccen bayani game da yawan moai, tun da suna lissafa shi la'akari da gaskiyar cewa an yi su ne da basalt, kuma ba ƙaramin dutsen basalt ba ne - tuffite. Koyaya, matsakaicin nauyin mutummutumai ya kai tan 5, don haka mutanen zamani sukan yi tunanin yadda aka kwashe irin waɗannan adadi masu yawa daga wurin fasa dutse zuwa wurarensu na asali.
Mutum-mutumi na tsibirin Easter ya kai girman daga mita 3 zuwa 5, kuma tushe yana da faɗin mita 1.6. Aan gumaka kaɗan ne suka kai tsayi sama da mita 10 kuma nauyinsu ya kai kimanin tan 10. Dukansu suna cikin zamani mai zuwa. Irin waɗannan gumakan an rarrabe su ta hanyar kawunan kai. A cikin hoton, da alama suna isar da fasalin fuskokin tseren Caucasian, amma a zahiri ilimin motsa jiki yana maimaita fasalin 'yan Polynesia. Anyi amfani da wannan murdiyar ne don kawai dalilin kara girman mutum-mutumin.
Tambayoyin da aka yi yayin ganin moai
Da farko dai, da yawa suna da sha'awar me yasa mutum-mutumin ya bazu ko'ina cikin tsibirin kuma menene dalilinsu. Yawancin gumakan an sanya su a kan dandamalin ahu - binnewa. Tsoffin kabilun sun yi amannar cewa moai yana karɓar ikon fitattun magabata sannan daga baya ya taimaki zuriyarsu daga wata duniyar.
Akwai tatsuniya cewa wanda ya kafa al'adar kafa gumaka shi ne shugaban dangin Khotu Matu'a, wanda ya ba da umarnin bayan mutuwarsa ya kafa mutum-mutumin a kan tsibirin Easter, kuma ya raba ƙasar kanta tsakanin 'ya'yansa maza shida. An yi imanin cewa ana ɓoye mana a cikin gumaka, wanda, tare da yin zuzzurfan tunani, na iya ƙara girbi, ya kawo ci gaba ga ƙabilar, kuma ya ba da ƙarfi.
Abu na biyu, da alama ba shi yiwuwa a sauya irin waɗannan dutsen daga dutsen mai fitarwa zuwa isassun wurare masu nisa ta cikin dajin. Da yawa suna gabatar da maganganu daban-daban, amma gaskiyar ta zama mai sauƙi. A rabin rabin karni na 20, wani matafiyi daga kasar Norway, Thor Heyerdahl, ya juya zuwa ga shugaban kabilar "masu kunnuwan kunnuwa". Ya yi ƙoƙarin gano abin da ake kira mutum-mutumin, menene don kuma yadda aka yi su. A sakamakon haka, an bayyana dukkan aikin dalla-dalla kuma har ma an sake buga shi a matsayin misali ga masu bincike masu ziyarar.
Muna baka shawarar cewa ka kalli mutum-mutumin Kristi Mai Fansa.
Heyerdahl yayi mamakin dalilin da yasa a baya aka keɓance fasahar kera ga kowa, amma jagorar kawai ya amsa cewa kafin wannan lokacin babu wanda ya taɓa tambaya game da moai kuma bai nemi ya nuna yadda aka yi su ba. A lokaci guda, bisa ga al'ada, ana ba da nunin dabarun kirkirar mutum-mutumi na tsibirin Easter daga dattawa zuwa ƙarami, don haka har yanzu ba a manta da shi ba.
Domin fidda moai daga dutsen mai fitad da wuta, ya zama dole ayi wasu guduma na musamman wadanda da su ake bugun kirji da su. A kan tasiri, guduma ta ragargaje a cikin smithereens, don haka dole ne a ƙirƙira ɗaruruwan irin waɗannan kayan aikin. Bayan tsafin ya shirya, sai mutane da yawa masu amfani da igiyoyi suka jawo shi da hannu suka ja zuwa ahu. A wurin jana'izar, an sanya duwatsu a ƙarƙashin mutum-mutumin kuma tare da taimakon rajistan ayyukan, ta amfani da hanyar liba, sun girka shi a wurin da ake buƙata.