Srinivasa Ramanujan Iyengor (1887-1920) - Masanin lissafi dan Indiya, memba na Royal Society of London. Ba tare da ilimin ilimin lissafi na musamman ba, ya kai matsayi mai ban mamaki a fagen ka'idar lamba. Mafi mahimmanci shine aikinsa tare da Godfrey Hardy akan alamun asymptotics na adadin sassan p (n).
Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a tarihin rayuwar Ramanujan da za a ambata a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Srinavasa Ramanujan.
Tarihin Ramanujan
An haifi Srinivasa Ramanujan a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1887 a garin Herodu na Indiya. Ya tashi kuma ya girma a cikin dangin Tamil.
Mahaifin masanin lissafi na nan gaba, Kuppuswami Srinivas Iyengar, ya yi aiki a matsayin akawu a cikin wani shago mai yalwar sutura. Uwa, Komalatammal, matar gida ce.
Yara da samari
Ramanujan ya girma ne a cikin tsauraran hadisai na brahmana caste. Mahaifiyarsa mace ce mai yawan ibada. Ta karanta tsarkakakkun takardu kuma ta rera waƙa a cikin gidan ibada.
Lokacin da yaron bai kai shekara 2 da haihuwa ba, sai ya kamu da rashin lafiya. Koyaya, ya sami damar murmurewa daga mummunan rashin lafiya kuma ya tsira.
A lokacin karatun sa, Ramanujan ya nuna kwarewar ilimin lissafi. A cikin ilimi, ya kasance mafi girma sama da duk takwarorinsa.
Ba da daɗewa ba, Srinivasa ya karɓi ayyuka da yawa a kan abubuwan da ke faruwa daga ɗalibin da ya sani, wanda ya ba shi sha'awa sosai.
A sakamakon haka, tun yana dan shekara 14, Ramanujan ya gano nau'ikan Euler na sinadarin siine da cosine, amma da ya sami labarin an riga an buga shi, sai ya damu matuka
Shekaru biyu bayan haka, saurayin ya fara binciken Kundin girma na 2 na Sakamakon Sakamakon Firamare a cikin Tsabta da Aiyuka Lissafi na George Shubridge Carr.
Aikin ya ƙunshi ƙa'idodi da dabaru sama da 6,000, waɗanda kusan ba su da hujjoji da tsokaci.
Ramanujan, ba tare da taimakon malamai da masana lissafi ba, da kansa ya fara nazarin hanyoyin da aka bayyana. Godiya ga wannan, ya haɓaka keɓaɓɓiyar hanyar yin tunani tare da asalin hanyar asali.
Lokacin da Srinivasa ta kammala makarantar sakandaren garin a shekarar 1904, ya sami kyautar lissafi daga shugaban makarantar, Krishnaswami Iyer. Daraktan ya gabatar da shi a matsayin haziki kuma fitaccen ɗalibi.
A wannan lokacin na tarihin sa, Ramanujan ya bayyana a matsayin majiɓinci a gaban shugaban sa Sir Francis Spring, abokin aiki S. Narayan Iyer da kuma sakatare na nan gaba na Matungiyar Lissafi ta Indiya R. Ramachandra Rao.
Ayyukan kimiyya
A shekarar 1913, wani shahararren malami a jami’ar Cambridge mai suna Godfrey Hardy ya samu wata wasika daga Ramanujan, inda a ciki ya ce ba shi da wani ilimi sai na sakandare.
Mutumin ya rubuta cewa shi kansa yana yin lissafi. Wasikar ta qunshi wasu dabaru da Ramanujan ya samo. Ya nemi farfesan da ya buga su idan suna ganin abin sha'awa a gare shi.
Ramanujan ya fayyace cewa shi kansa ba ya iya buga aikinsa saboda talauci.
Hardy ba da daɗewa ba ya fahimci cewa yana riƙe da wani abu na musamman a hannunsa. A sakamakon haka, wasikar aiki ta fara tsakanin farfesa da magatakarda dan Indiya.
Daga baya, Godfrey Hardy ya tattara kusan nau'ikan dabara dari da ashirin wanda masana ilimin kimiyya basu sani ba. Mutumin ya gayyaci Ramanujan mai shekaru 27 zuwa Cambridge don ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa.
Ya isa Burtaniya, an zabi matashin lissafi zuwa Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ingilishi. Bayan haka ya zama farfesa a Jami'ar Cambridge.
Wani abin ban sha’awa shine Ramanujan shine Ba’indiye na farko da ya sami irin wannan karramawa.
A wancan lokacin, tarihin rayuwar Srinivas Ramanujan ya wallafa sabbin ayyuka daya bayan daya, wadanda suka kunshi sabbin dabaru da hujjoji. Abokan aikinsa sun karaya saboda kwazo da hazakar matashin lissafi.
Tun yana ƙarami, masanin kimiyya ya lura kuma yayi bincike takamaiman lambobi. Ta wata hanyar ban mamaki, ya iya lura da adadi mai yawa.
A cikin wata hira, Hardy ya faɗi kalma mai zuwa: "Kowane lambar halitta aboki ne na Ramanujan."
Zamanin gwani na lissafi ya dauke shi a matsayin sabon abu mai ban mamaki, shekaru 100 sun makara da haihuwa. Koyaya, ƙwarewar Ramanujan na ban mamaki yana ba masana kimiyya na zamaninmu mamaki.
Yankin Ramanujan na sha'awar kimiyya ba shi da iyaka. Ya kasance yana da son layuka marasa iyaka, murabba'ai masu sihiri, layuka marasa iyaka, masu zagaya da'ira, lambobi masu santsi, tabbatattun abubuwan haɗin kai, da sauran abubuwa.
Srinivasa ya sami wasu keɓaɓɓun mafita na lissafin Euler kuma ya tsara ka'idoji 120.
A yau ana ɗaukar Ramanujan a matsayin babban mashahurin ci gaba da ɓangarori a tarihin lissafi. Yawancin fina-finai da fina-finai da yawa an harbe su a cikin tunaninsa.
Mutuwa
Srinivasa Ramanujan ta mutu a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1920 a yankin shugabancin Madras jim kaɗan bayan ta isa Indiya tana da shekara 32.
Marubutan lissafi na lissafi har yanzu ba su iya cimma matsaya ba game da dalilin mutuwarsa.
A cewar wasu kafofin, Ramanujan na iya mutuwa daga cutar tarin fuka da ke ci gaba.
A cikin 1994, wani fasali ya bayyana bisa ga abin da zai iya samun amoebiasis, wani cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da na parasitic wanda ke tattare da cututtukan cututtuka na yau da kullun tare da bayyananniyar hanji.
Hotunan Ramanujan
