Tafkin Baikal shine mafi girma a cikin ruwa a duniya. Fiye da kilomita 23,000³ na tsaftataccen ruwa an adana shi a cikin zurfinsa don tsararraki masu zuwa, wanda ya kasance 4/5 na ajiyar Rasha na mafi mahimmin ruwa a doron ƙasa da kuma 1/5 na ajiyar duniya. Girmansa abin birgewa ne: tsawon daga kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa maso gabas ya fi kilomita 700, faɗin 25-80 kilomita. Baikal wuri ne na musamman na hutu. Akwai tatsuniyoyi da waƙoƙi da yawa game da tafkin. Dubun-dubatar matafiya daga Rasha da sauran ƙasashen duniya da dama suna son ziyartarsa.
Ina Lake Baikal yake?
Tana cikin tsakiyar Asiya, a kudancin gabashin Siberia. Yankin ruwan tabkin shine iyakar yankin Irkutsk da Jamhuriyar Buryatia. Atesididdigar sune kamar haka: 53 ° 13'00 ″ s. sh 107 ° 45'00 "a cikin. Nisa daga gefen kudu daga tafkin tafkin zuwa iyakar da Mongolia kilomita 114 ne, zuwa iyakar da China - kilomita 693. Garin da yake kusa shine Irkutsk (kilomita 69 daga tafkin).
Flora da fauna
Yanayin tafkin Baikal yana bawa matafiya mamaki. Ruwan ajiyar gida yana dauke da nau'in dabbobi da tsuntsaye sama da 2,600. Fiye da 50% daga cikinsu ana iya samun su a wannan tafkin kawai. A gefen tafkin an samo:
- Da Biya;
- kurege;
- kerkeci;
- wolverines;
- dawakai;
- kuskure;
- tarbagans;
- jan barewa;
- sunadarai;
- muz;
- boars.
Daga cikin dabbobin ruwa, hatimai ne kawai ko hatimi, kamar yadda Buryats ke kiran su, suna ƙawata abin wuya na halitta. Madatsar ruwa tana cike da kifi. Yi iyo a cikin zurfin tabki:
- omuli (kifi daga jinsin kifi);
- furfura;
- roach;
- sturgeon;
- burbot;
- taimen;
- lenki;
- kujeru;
- sorogi;
- ides da pikes;
- golomyanka.
Wakilai na ƙarshe na fauna na musamman ne a cikin wancan gashin fuka-fukan na musamman da ke shimfiɗa tare da tsawon jiki. Yaran sirloin dinsu kashi daya bisa uku na kitse. Kusan dukkanin kifin da aka bayyana a sama ana iya kama su daga Tafkin Baikal tare da kayan aiki na musamman (sanduna, raga, da sauransu) da kuma marmari.
Dabbobin ruwa na tafkin da kansa da kuma gefensa shima na musamman ne. Pines, spruces, itacen al'ul, fir, birch, larch, poplar balsamic da alder suna girma kusa da tafkin. Daga cikin dazuzzuka, tsuntsu ceri, currant da Siberian daji rosemary suna yaɗuwa, wanda kowane bazara ke farantawa mutane rai da kyakkyawan launi mai ruwan hoda-lilac da kamshi mai kamshi.
A kowane zurfin da ke cikin tabkin, zaka iya samun soso na ruwa - dabbobin da suka kunshi nau'ikan kyallen takarda da kuma tsarin kwayar halitta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Tafkin Baikal yana da babban girma ba saboda girman yanki ba. Dangane da wannan mai nuna alama, matattarar ruwa tana ɗaukar matsayi na 7 ne kawai a duniya. Ana tabbatar da amincin ruwa ta hanyar zurfin zurfin tafkin. Baikal shine tabki mafi zurfi a doron ƙasa. A ɗaya daga cikin wuraren, ƙasan yana da mita 1642 daga saman ruwa. Matsakaicin zurfin ya kai mita 730. Don cika kwanon tafki kwata-kwata, zai zama tilas a tilastawa kogunan duniya su bada gudummawar su cikin kwanaki 200.
A cewar bayanan hukuma, sama da koguna 300 ne ke kwarara zuwa Tafkin Baikal. Amma yawancinsu kanana ne. Faɗin kogunan da ke gudana bai wuce mita 50 ba. Akwai manyan koguna guda 3 wadanda suke daukar ruwan su zuwa tabkin .. Kogi daya ne kawai ke kwarara daga tabkin - Angara.
Akwai tsibirai 36 warwatse tare da saman ruwa. Yankin mafi girman yanki, Olkhon, ya kai kilomita 730². A bankunansa akwai ƙauyukan kamun kifi guda 2: Yalga da Khuzhir.
Hanyar Railway ta Circum-Baikal tana gudana ne a gefen tekun kudu - mafi hadadden tsarin aikin injiniya, yayin aikin wanda aka gina ramuka da yawa, viaducts da gadoji.
Babbar matsalar tabkin ita ce wahalar kare ciyayi da dabbobi daga masu farauta. Saboda babban yanki na tafki da filayen da ke kusa da su, kasancewar kasancewar bakin tekun na kananan kananan bays da bays, yana da matukar wahala a bi sawun masu karya dokokin, koda kuwa tare da mallakar hanyoyin fasaha na zamani na neman kwale-kwale da mutane.
Hutu a cikin 2019 akan Lake Baikal
Yawancin biranen shakatawa da ƙauyuka sun warwatse tare da bankunan. Mafi girman su shine:
- Listyanka - ƙauye wanda yake asalin tushen Angara. A ciki akwai gidan kayan tarihin da aka keɓe ga tabkin. Haka kuma a ƙauye da kewayenta, masu yawon bude ido za su so cocin St. Nicholas, wanda aka gina a cikin ƙarni na 19, da kuma gine-ginen gine-gine da na ɗabi'a "Taltsy", inda za ku iya koyon yadda ake sakar daga ƙwanƙollar birch da kuma yumbu daga yumbu.
- Slyudyanka Aananan gari ne a gefen kudu maso yamma. An san shi a cikin Rasha saboda kasancewar tashar jirgin ƙasa da aka gina da marmara - farkon hanyar Railway ta Circum-Baikal da gidan kayan gargajiya na ma'adinai.
- Goryachinsk - wurin shakatawa mafi tsufa akan tafkin. An kafa shi a ƙarshen karni na 18 ta hanyar umarnin Catherine II. Maɓuɓɓugan sa suna da kyau don warkewa, kuma kyawawan kyaun yashi don kyawawan hotuna. Ana iya samun hotunan wuraren shakatawa a cikin littattafan jagora waɗanda aka buga a ƙarni na 19.
- Babban Cats - ƙauyen da ke nesa da kilomita da yawa daga Listvyanka. Tana alfahari da Institute of Biology akwatin kifaye da tsofaffin ma'adanai na tsaye inda aka haƙo zinare sama da shekaru 100 da suka gabata.
- Peschanaya Bay - wuri ne na musamman, kadai kusurwar can yankin Bahar Rum a Siberia. Ya zama cikakke ga hutun bazara ta "ɓarnatarwa" a cikin alfarwansu, tare da wuta da gita.
Motocin motsa jiki ko jiragen ƙasa suna tafiya akai-akai zuwa waɗannan wuraren shakatawa. Sauran maki za'a iya kaiwa gare su ta hanyar mota ko takaddar madaidaiciyar hanya. Nisan wurin shakatawa daga manyan cibiyoyin jigilar kayayyaki yana nuna matakin farashin. Don haka, mafi tsadar tsadar masauki a gidajen baƙi da cibiyoyin shakatawa ana lura da su a cikin Slyudyanka, mafi ƙanƙanta a ƙauyuka a bakin tekun arewa maso gabas.
Me za a yi a kewayen korama?
Sha ruwan ma'adinai.Wasu daga wuraren shakatawa na Tafkin Baikal (Goryachinsk, Khakusy, Dzelinda) suna da ƙirar ƙira. Mutanen da ke da cututtukan cututtukan tsoka, da juyayi, da jinsi, da tsarin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki na iya ɗaukar bahon warkarwa da shan ruwan ma'adinai a waɗannan wuraren.
Muna baka shawara ka karanta game da Tafkin Nyos.
Ziyarci balaguro. A gefen tafkin Baikal akwai hanyoyi da yawa na balaguro da yawa. A al'ada, duk hanyoyin da jagora ke aiwatarwa daga yankin Irkutsk da Jamhuriyar Buryatia za a iya raba su zuwa:
- ilimin asali;
- tarihin gida;
- tarihi;
- tarihin halitta.
Yawancin yawon shakatawa ana gudanar da su ne daga mazaunan bakin tafki. Suna farin cikin nuna wa matafiya wurare don daukar manyan hotuna.
Ku tafi yawo. Hanyoyin yawo, ta cikin dazuzzuka da tsaunuka da ke kusa da Lake Baikal, ana amfani da su don yin yawon shakatawa na dukkan nau'ikan matsaloli. Suna ƙare daga kwanaki 2 zuwa 30. Irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna ba da damar gani da idanunka duk kyawawan halaye, samun kyawawan abubuwa da kuma ƙwarewar wasu dabarun da suka wajaba don rayuwa (koya yadda ake yin gobara, dafa abinci a sararin samaniya, ƙetare koguna).
Ji daɗin lokacinku akan jiragen ruwa. A saman ruwan tafkin, ana yin balaguro dubu da yawa kowace shekara. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da niyyar nuna wa yawon buɗe ido kyawawan kyawawan wuraren tafki da abubuwan jan hankali waɗanda ke gabar Kogin Baikal, wasu kuma gaba ɗaya sun himmatu ga kamun kifi. An gina hanyoyin jirgin ruwa na nau'I na farko domin matafiya su iya duba ruwaye da bays, ziyarci shahararrun gidajen tarihin da ke kusa da tafki. Kudin nau'ikan rangadi na biyu ya haɗa da hayar kayan aikin kamun kifi da sabis na ƙwararrun masu kula da wasan waɗanda suka san inda za su sami mafi kyan Baikal mai kyan gani.
Swim da rana. Yankunan rafin Lake Baikal wurare ne masu kyau don yin iyo da samun koda tan. Yawancin kusurwoyin bakin teku masu annashuwa an lulluɓe su da yashi mai kyau. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da ruwan da ke kusa da rairayin bakin teku ya dumama har zuwa + 17-19 ° C, kowa yana da damar yin iyo da jin tsarkin da ikon wannan babban tafki da jikinsu.
Koyi wasanni masu tsada. Baikal yana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka fi so don matsanancin wasanni na Rasha. A lokacin rani, yan koyo suna horarwa a saman ruwan tafkin:
- hawan igiyar ruwa;
- iska mai iska;
- kiting;
- ruwa;
- shaƙatawa.
Kowace shekara a watan Maris, ana gudanar da gasa a kan dusar kankara a:
- karting;
- motocross;
- quadrocross;
- hanyar gudu;
- enduro.
A cikin sararin samaniya akan Tafkin Baikal a wannan lokacin, ana gudanar da gasa parachuting.
