Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky (1801-1861) - Masanin lissafi dan Rasha da makaniki dan asalin kasar Yukren, malamin makarantar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta St. Petersburg, masanin ilmin lissafi da ya fi tasiri a Daular Rasha a cikin 1830-1860s.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Ostrogradsky, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin Mikhail Ostrogradsky.
Tarihin rayuwar Ostrogradsky
Mikhail Ostrogradsky an haife shi ne a ranar 12 ga Satumba (24), 1801 a ƙauyen Pashennaya (lardin Poltava). Ya girma a cikin dangin maigidan Vasily Ostrogradsky, wanda ya fito daga dangin mai martaba.
Yara da samari
Kishirwar Michael ga ilimi ta fara bayyana kanta a farkon shekarunsa. Ya kasance mai matukar sha'awar al'amuran kimiyyar halitta.
A lokaci guda, Ostrogradsky ba ya son karatu a makarantar kwana, wanda Ivan Kotlyarevsky ke shugabanta - marubucin sanannen burlesque "Aeneid".
Lokacin da Mikhail yake da shekaru 15, ya zama mai aikin sa kai, bayan shekara daya ya zama dalibin Kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi na Jami'ar Kharkov.
Bayan shekaru 3, saurayin ya sami nasarar cin jarabawar dan takarar da girmamawa. Koyaya, furofesoshi na cikin gida sun hana takardar shaidar Ostrogradskiy na ɗan takarar ilimin kimiyya da difloma.
Wannan halayyar malaman farfesa na Kharkov tana da alaƙa da rashin halartar sa koyaushe a cikin tiyoloji. A sakamakon haka, an bar mutumin ba tare da digiri na lissafi ba.
Bayan wasu shekaru, Mikhail Vasilyevich ya tashi zuwa Paris don ci gaba da karatun lissafi.
A babban birnin Faransa, Ostrogradsky yayi karatu a Sorbonne da Kwalejin de Faransa. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce ya halarci laccocin da shahararrun masana kimiyya irin su Fourier, Ampere, Poisson da Cauchy suka yi.
Ayyukan kimiyya
A cikin 1823, Mikhail ya fara aiki a matsayin farfesa a Kwalejin Henry 4. A wancan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, ya wallafa aikin "A kan Yada Waves a Basin Cylindrical", wanda ya gabatar wa abokan aikinsa na Faransa don su yi la’akari da shi.
Aikin ya sami kyakkyawar bita, sakamakon haka Augustin Cauchy ya faɗi abu mai zuwa game da marubucinsa: "Wannan saurayi ɗan Rasha yana da hazaka da ƙwarewa kuma yana da ilimi sosai."
A 1828 Mikhail Ostrogradsky ya koma ƙasarsa tare da difloma na Faransa da kuma suna a matsayin fitaccen masanin kimiyya.
Shekaru biyu bayan haka, aka zaɓi masanin lissafi a matsayin babban malamin kimiyya na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta St. Petersburg. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa zai zama memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Paris, memba na Ba'amurke, Roman da sauran makarantun kimiyya.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1831-1862. Ostrogradsky shi ne shugaban Sashin Aiwatar da Injinan Makaranta a Cibiyar Injiniyan Railway. Baya ga nauyin da ke kansa, ya ci gaba da rubuta sabbin ayyuka.
A lokacin sanyi na 1838, Mikhail Vasilyevich ya zama mashawarcin sirri na matsayi na 3, wanda aka kwatanta shi da minista ko gwamna.
Mikhail ya kasance mai son nazarin lissafi, algebra, ka'idar yiwuwa, makanikai, ka'idar maganadisu da ka'idar lambobi. Shi ne marubucin hanyar don haɗa ayyukan hankali.
A kimiyyar lissafi, masanin ilimin har ila yau ya kai matsayi mai girma. Ya samo mahimmin tsari don sauya juzu'in juzu'i zuwa yanayin shimfidar wuri.
Ba da daɗewa ba kafin rasuwarsa, Ostrogradskiy ya wallafa littafi wanda a ciki ya bayyana ra'ayoyinsa game da haɗakar ƙididdigar yanayi.
Aikin Pedagogical
Lokacin da Ostrogradsky yayi suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun masanan lissafi a Rasha, ya fara haɓaka ayyukan koyarwa da zamantakewar jama'a a St. Petersburg.
Mutumin malami ne a cibiyoyin ilimi da yawa. Shekaru da yawa shi ne babban mai lura da koyar da lissafi a makarantun soja.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce lokacin da ayyukan Nikolai Lobachevsky suka fada hannun Ostrogradsky, ya soki su.
Tun daga 1832, Mikhail Vasilyevich ya koyar da algebra mafi girma, nazarin ilimin lissafi da kuma injiniyoyi masu mahimmanci a Babbar Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi. A sakamakon haka, yawancin mabiyansa sun zama sanannun masana kimiyya a nan gaba.
A cikin 1830s, Ostrogradsky ko abokin aikinsa Bunyakovsky sun koyar da dukkan batutuwa na lissafi a cikin dakaru.
Daga wannan lokacin, sama da shekaru 30, har zuwa rasuwarsa, Mikhail Vasilievich ya kasance mutum mafi tasiri a tsakanin masana lissafin Rasha. A lokaci guda, ya taimaka ta ci gaban ƙwararrun malamai.
Abin mamaki ne cewa Ostrogradsky shine malamin 'ya'yan Emperor Nicholas 1.
Shekarun da suka gabata da mutuwa
A cewar wasu tushe, a lokacin da yake raguwa, Ostrogradsky ya zama mai sha'awar ruhaniya. Yana da kyau a lura cewa ya kasance mai ido ɗaya.
Kimanin watanni shida kafin mutuwar masanin, wani ƙura ya bayyana a bayansa, wanda ya zama mummunan ƙari mai saurin girma. An yi masa aikin tiyata, amma hakan bai taimaka ba wajen tseratar da shi daga mutuwa.
Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1861 (Janairu 1, 1862) yana da shekara 60. An binne shi a ƙauyensa, kamar yadda ya tambayi masoyansa.
Hotunan Ostrogradsky
