Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828) - Mawaki dan Austriya, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa soyayya a cikin kiɗa, marubucin kusan kide-kide na kide kide da wake-wake 600, kayan karafa 9, da kuma ɗakuna da yawa da ayyukan kidan piano.
Akwai tarihin gaskiya mai yawa na Schubert, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Franz Schubert.
Tarihin Schubert
An haifi Franz Schubert a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 1797 a Vienna, babban birnin Austria. Ya girma a cikin dangi mai sauƙi tare da ɗan kuɗi kaɗan.
Mahaifinsa, Franz Theodor, ya koyar a makarantar paris, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Elisabeth, ita ce mai dahuwa. Iyalan Schubert suna da yara 14, 9 daga cikinsu sun mutu tun suna ƙanana.
Yara da samari
Talentwararren waƙoƙin Schubert ya fara bayyana tun yana ƙarami. Malamansa na farko su ne mahaifinsa, wanda yake kaɗa goge, da ɗan’uwansa Ignaz, wanda ya san yadda ake buga piano.
Lokacin da Franz yake ɗan shekara 6, iyayensa suka tura shi zuwa makarantar parish. Shekara guda daga baya, ya fara karatun waƙa da wasa da gaɓa. Yaron yana da murya mai daɗi, sakamakon haka daga baya "yaron mai raira waƙa" ya karɓe shi a cikin ɗakin sujada na gida, sannan kuma ya shiga cikin makarantar kwana, inda ya sami abokai da yawa.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1810-1813. Hazakar mawaƙin Schubert ta farka. Ya rubuta waka, opera da wakoki daban-daban.
Abubuwan da suka fi wahala ga saurayin sune lissafi da Latin. Koyaya, babu wanda ya yi shakkar baiwarsa. A cikin 1808 Schubert an gayyace shi zuwa ƙungiyar mawaƙa.
Lokacin da ɗan Austriya ɗin ke kusan shekara 13, ya rubuta waƙarsa ta farko mai muhimmanci. Bayan wasu shekaru, Antonio Salieri ya fara koya masa. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce Salieri ya yarda ya ba Franz darussa kyauta, saboda ya ga bajinta a cikin sa.
Waƙa
Lokacin da, yayin samartakarsa, muryar Schubert ta fara karyewa, dole ne ya bar mawaƙa. Bayan haka ya shiga makarantar hauza ta malamai. A 1814 ya sami aiki a wata makaranta, yana koyar da haruffa ga ɗaliban makarantar firamare.
A wancan lokacin, tarihin Franz Schubert ya ci gaba da tsara ayyukan kade-kade, tare da nazarin ayyukan Mozart, Beethoven da Gluck. Ba da daɗewa ba ya fahimci cewa yin aiki a makaranta ainihin aiki ne a gare shi, sakamakon abin da ya yanke shawarar daina shi a cikin 1818.
Da shekara 20, Schubert ya rubuta aƙalla aƙalla 5, waƙoƙi 7 da kuma waƙoƙi kusan 300. Ya tsara manyan ayyukan sa "ba dare ba rana". Sau da yawa mawaƙin yakan farka a tsakiyar dare don yin rikodin waƙar da ya ji a cikin barci.
Franz galibi ya halarci maraice daban-daban na kiɗa, da yawa daga cikinsu ana yin su a cikin gidansa. A 1816, ya so ya sami aiki a matsayin madugu a Laibach, amma aka ƙi.
Ba da daɗewa ba wani muhimmin abu ya faru a cikin tarihin rayuwar Schubert. Ya sadu da sanannen mashawarcin nan Johann Fogal. Wakokin sa da Vogl yayi sun sami babban shahara a cikin al'umma.
Franz ya rubuta shahararrun ayyuka, gami da "The Tsar Tsar" da "Erlafsee". Schubert yana da abokai mawadata waɗanda suke son aikinsa kuma waɗanda lokaci-lokaci suke ba shi taimakon kuɗi.
Koyaya, gabaɗaya, mutumin bai taɓa da wadatar abin duniya ba. Operar Alfonso da Estrella, waɗanda Franz suka yaba, an ƙi su. Wannan ya haifar da matsalolin kuɗi. A 1822 ya fara samun matsalolin lafiya.
A wancan lokacin, Schubert ya koma Zheliz, inda ya zauna a cikin yankin Count Johannes Esterhazy. A can ya koyar da waƙoƙi ga 'ya'yansa mata. A cikin 1823 mutumin aka zaɓi memba na girmamawa na yungiyoyin Musika na Styrian da Linz.
Kusan lokaci guda, mawaƙin ya gabatar da waƙarsa ta waƙa "The Beautiful Miller Woman", bisa ga kalmomin Wilhelm Müller. Sannan ya sake rubuta wani zagaye "Hanyar Hunturu", wanda ya sami halartar bayanan rashin fata.
Masu rubutun tarihin Schubert sunyi da'awar cewa saboda talauci, an tilasta masa kwana-lokaci yana kwana a ɗakuna. Koyaya, har ma a can ya ci gaba da tsara ayyuka. A shekarun karshe na rayuwarsa, ya fuskanci tsananin buƙata, amma yana jin kunyar neman abokai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a lokacin bazara na 1828 mawaƙin ya ba da kawai waƙoƙin jama'a, wanda babbar nasara ce.
Rayuwar mutum
Schubert ya bambanta da tawali'u da kunya. Karancin kudin mai waka ya hana shi kafa iyali, tunda yarinyar da suke soyayya da ita ta zabi ta auri mai kudi.
Ana kiran ƙaunataccen Franz Teresa Gorb. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa da wuya a kira yarinyar kyakkyawa. Tana da haske mai launin ruwan kasa mai haske da fuska mai annashuwa tare da alamun ƙaramin abu.
Koyaya, Schubert ya mai da hankali sosai ba bayyanar Teresa ba, amma yadda ta saurari ayyukan kide-kide da hankali. A lokacin irin waɗannan lokutan, fuskar yarinyar ta zama fara'a, kuma idanunta a zahiri suna bayyana farin ciki. Amma tunda Gorb ya girma ba tare da uba ba, karar ta rinjayi ɗiyarta ta zama matar babban mai dafa irin kek.
A cewar jita-jita, a cikin 1822 Franz ya kamu da cutar sikila, wanda a lokacin ake ganin ba shi da magani. Daga wannan ana iya ɗauka cewa ya yi amfani da sabis na karuwai.
Mutuwa
Franz Schubert ya mutu ne a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1828 yana da shekara 31 bayan zazzabi na mako 2 wanda ya haifar da zazzabin taifod. An binne shi a makabartar Wehring, inda kwanan nan aka binne gunkinsa Beethoven.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa an gano babban waƙar mawaƙin a cikin C manyan shekaru 10 kawai bayan mutuwarsa. Bugu da kari, rubuce rubucen da yawa da ba a buga ba sun kasance bayan mutuwarsa. Tsawon lokaci babu wanda ya san cewa suna cikin alƙalamin mawaƙin Austrian.
Hotunan Schubert
