Johann Strauss

Johann Baptiste Strauss 2 (1825-1899) - Mawaki dan Austrian, madugu kuma mai kida da goge, wanda aka amince da shi a matsayin "sarkin waltz", marubucin yawan raye-raye da raye-raye da yawa.

Akwai hujjoji masu ban sha'awa da yawa a tarihin Strauss, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.

Don haka, ga takaitaccen tarihin rayuwar Johann Strauss.

Tarihin Strauss

An haifi Johann Strauss a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1825 a Vienna, babban birnin Austria. Ya girma kuma ya girma a gidan shahararren mawaki Johann Strauss Sr da matarsa Anna.

"Waltz sarki" yana da 'yan'uwa maza 2 - Joseph da Edward, waɗanda suma suka zama sanannun mawaƙa.

Yara da samari

Johann ya mallaki kiɗa tun yana ƙarami. Kallon dogon karatun mahaifinsa, shima yaron yana son zama mashahurin mawaƙi.

Koyaya, shugaban dangin ya kasance yana adawa da ɗayan ɗiyan da ke bin sawunsa. Misali, ya karfafa Johann ya zama ma'aikacin banki. A dalilin wannan, lokacin da Strauss Sr. ya ga yaro da goge a hannunsa, sai ya tashi cikin fushi.

Godiya kawai ga ƙoƙarin mahaifiyarsa, Johann ya sami damar koyon wasa da goge a ɓoye daga mahaifinsa. Akwai wata sananniyar harka yayin da shugaban gidan, a cikin fushi, ya yi wa yaro bulala, yana cewa zai “doke kiɗan daga gare shi” sau ɗaya kuma ga duka. Ba da daɗewa ba ya tura ɗansa zuwa Makarantar Kasuwanci mafi Girma, kuma da yamma ya sanya shi aiki a matsayin akawu.

Lokacin da Strauss yake kimanin shekaru 19, ya kammala karatunshi na karɓar ilimin kiɗa daga ƙwararrun malamai. Sannan malamai suka ba shi don ya sayi lasisin da ya dace.

Da ya isa gida, saurayin ya gaya wa mahaifiyarsa cewa ya shirya ya nemi izuwa ga alƙalin don lasisi, yana ba shi ikon gudanar da ƙungiyar makaɗa. Matar, saboda tsoron kada mijinta ya hana Johann cimma burinsa, sai ta yanke shawarar sake shi. Ta yi tsokaci game da kashe aurenta tare da maimaita cin amanar mijinta, wanda hakan gaskiya ne.

A cikin ramuwar gayya, Strauss Sr. ya hana duk yaran da Anna ta haifa gado. Ya rubuta duk dukiyar ga haramtattun 'ya'yansa, waɗanda aka haifa masa daga uwar gidansa Emilia Trumbush.

Nan da nan bayan rabuwa da Anna, mutumin ya sanya hannu tare da Emilia bisa hukuma. A wannan lokacin, sun riga sun sami yara 7.

Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar dangi, Johann Strauss Jr. daga ƙarshe ya sami damar mai da hankali kan kiɗa. Lokacin da rikice-rikicen juyin juya hali ya barke a kasar a cikin 1840s, ya shiga Habsburgs, yana rubuta Maris na 'Yan Tawaye (Marseillaise Vienna).

Bayan murkushe boren, an kama Johann kuma aka gabatar da shi a gaban shari'a. Amma, kotun ta yanke hukuncin sakin mutumin. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, mahaifinsa, akasin haka, ya goyi bayan sarauta ta hanyar tsara "Maris ɗin Radetzky".

Kuma kodayake akwai matsala mai wahala tsakanin ɗa da uba, Strauss Jr. ya girmama mahaifansa. Lokacin da ya mutu da zazzaɓin zazzaɓi a cikin 1849, Johann ya rubuta waltz "Aeolian Sonata" don girmamawa, sannan daga baya, da nasa kuɗin, ya buga tarin ayyukan mahaifinsa.

Waƙa

A lokacin da yake shekara 19, Johann Strauss ya sami nasarar tara wata karamar kungiyar makada, wacce ya yi nasarar yin ta a cikin daya daga cikin gidajen caca na babban birnin kasar. Ya kamata a lura cewa bayan koya game da wannan, Strauss Sr. ya fara sanya magana a ƙafafun ɗansa.

Mutumin ya yi amfani da duk alaƙar da ke tattare da shi don hana ɗansa yin wasanni a manyan wurare, gami da ƙwallan kotu. Amma, akasin kokarin da mahaifin Strauss Jr. mai hazaka ya yi, an nada shi madugu na kungiyar kade-kade ta soja ta rukuni na 2 na kungiyoyin farar hula (mahaifinsa ya jagoranci kungiyar makada ta runduna ta 1).

Bayan mutuwar Johann Dattijo, Strauss, bayan ya haɗu da ƙungiyar makaɗa, ya tafi rangadi a Austria da sauran ƙasashen Turai. Duk inda ya yi, masu sauraro koyaushe suna yi masa bango.

A kokarin cin nasara akan sabon Sarki Franz Joseph 1, mawaƙin ya sadaukar da tafiya 2 zuwa gare shi. Ba kamar mahaifinsa ba, Strauss ba mutum ne mai kishi da girman kai ba. Akasin haka, ya taimaka wa ’yan’uwa su gina aikin waƙa ta hanyar tura su su yi wasu abubuwan aukuwa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce da zarar Johann Strauss ya faɗi wannan magana: "'Yan'uwa sun fi ni iyawa, ni dai na fi shahara". Ya kasance mai hazaka sosai, a cikin kalmominsa, waƙa "ta malala daga gare shi kamar ruwa daga famfo."

Ana daukar Strauss a matsayin kakannin Viennese waltz, wanda ya ƙunshi gabatarwa, 4-5 kayan alatu da kammalawa. A tsawon shekarun tarihinsa na kirkire kirkire, ya kirkiro goge-goge 168, da yawa daga cikinsu ana yin su har yanzu a manyan wurare a duniya.

Lokaci mai kayatarwa na mawaƙin ya kirkira ne a ƙarshen 1860-1870. A wancan lokacin ya rubuta mafi kyawun waltzes nasa, gami da "A kan kyakkyawan shuɗin Danube" da "Tatsuniyoyi daga Vienna Woods." Daga baya, ya yanke shawarar barin ayyukan kotu, ya ba ɗan'uwansu Edward.

A cikin 1870s, ɗan Austriya ya zagaya duniya sosai. Wani abin sha’awa shi ne, yayin da yake nunawa a bikin na Boston, ya kafa tarihi a duniya ta hanyar iya gudanar da makaɗa, wanda yawansu ya wuce mawaƙa 1000!

A waccan lokacin, operettas ya kwashe Strauss, ya sake zama wanda ya kafa wani nau'I daban na gargajiya. A tsawon shekarun tarihin sa, Johann Strauss ya kirkiro ayyuka 496:

waltzes - 168;
sanduna - 117;
filin rawa - 73;
tafiya - 43;
mazurkas - 31;
operettas - 15;
Opera mai ban dariya 1 da rawa 1.

Mawaƙin ya sami damar haɓaka waƙar rawa zuwa tsalle-tsalle cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki.

Rayuwar mutum

Johann Strauss ya zagaya Rasha tsawon shekaru 10. A cikin wannan ƙasar, ya haɗu da Olga Smirnitskaya, wanda ya fara kulawa da neman hannunta.

Koyaya, iyayen yarinyar ba sa son aurar da ɗiyar tasu ga baƙon. Daga baya, lokacin da Johann ya gano cewa ƙaunataccensa ya zama matar babban hafsan Rasha Alexander Lozinsky, sai ya auri mawaƙin opera Yetti Chalupetskaya.

Wani abin ban sha'awa shi ne lokacin da suka hadu, Khalupetskaya ta haifi 'ya'ya bakwai daga maza daban-daban waɗanda ta haifa a waje da aure. Haka kuma, matar ta girmi mijinta da shekaru 7.

Koyaya, wannan auren ya zama mai farin ciki. Yetty mace ce mai aminci kuma abokiya ta gaske, godiya ga abin da Strauss ya ci gaba da aikinsa lafiya.

Bayan mutuwar Chalupetskaya a cikin 1878, dan Austriya ya auri wani matashin Bajamushe mai zane Angelica Dietrich. Wannan auren ya ɗauki shekaru 5, bayan haka ma'auratan suka yanke shawarar barin. Sannan Johann Strauss ya sake sauka a hanya a karo na uku.

Sabon ƙaƙƙarfan mawakin ya kasance Bawajiyar bazawara Adele Deutsch, wacce ta taɓa zama matar wani ma'aikacin banki. Saboda matar sa, mutumin ya yarda ya koma wani addini, ya bar Katolika ya zabi Furotesta, ya kuma yarda da zama dan kasar Jamus.

Kodayake Strauss ya yi aure har sau uku, bai da yara a cikin ɗayansu.

Mutuwa

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Johann Strauss ya ƙi yawon shakatawa kuma kusan bai taɓa barin gidansa ba. Koyaya, yayin bikin cika shekaru 25 na operetta The Bat, an shawo kansa don gudanar da ƙungiyar makaɗa.

Mutumin ya yi zafi sosai har sai ya kamu da tsananin sanyi a kan hanyar zuwa gida. Ba da daɗewa ba, sanyi ya zama cutar huhu, wanda daga nan ne babban mawaƙin ya mutu. Johann Strauss ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1899 yana da shekara 73.