Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (1911-1985) - Jam'iyyar Soviet kuma mai mulki. Babban Sakatare na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU daga 13 ga Fabrairu, 1984 zuwa 10 ga Maris, 1985, Shugaban Presidium na Babban Soviet na USSR, memba na CPSU (b) da Babban Kwamitin CPSU, memba na Politburo na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU. Shugaban USSR a cikin lokacin 1984-1985.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Chernenko, wanda za mu fada a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin Konstantin Chernenko.
Tarihin rayuwar Chernenko
An haifi Konstantin Chernenko a ranar 11 ga Satumba (24), 1911 a ƙauyen Bolshaya Tes (lardin Yenisei). Ya girma kuma ya girma cikin dangi. Mahaifinsa, Ustin Demidovich, ya yi aiki da tagulla sannan kuma a cikin ma'adinan zinariya. Uwa, Haritina Fedorovna, ta tsunduma cikin aikin gona.
Shugaban Tarayyar Soviet na gaba yana da 'yar'uwa, Valentina, da' yan'uwan 2, Nikolai da Sidor. Bala'i na farko a cikin tarihin Chernenko ya faru ne yana da shekara 8, lokacin da mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sanƙarau. A wannan batun, shugaban gidan ya sake yin aure.
Duk waɗannan yara huɗu suna da mummunar dangantaka da mahaifiyarsu, don haka rikice-rikice yakan faru a cikin iyali. Yayinda yake yarinya, Konstantin ya kammala karatu daga makarantar shekaru 3 don samarin karkara. Da farko, ya kasance majagaba, kuma da ya kai shekaru 14 ya zama memba na Komsomol.
A cikin 1931, an kira Chernenko don yin aiki, wanda ya yi aiki a yankin iyaka tsakanin Kazakhstan da China. Sojan ya halarci halakar gungun Batyr Bekmuratov, sannan kuma ya shiga sahun CPSU (b). Sannan an ba shi amanar sakatare na kungiyar jam'iyyar reshen kan iyaka.
Siyasa
Bayan rusa mulki, an nada Konstantin shugaban gidan ilimi na yanki a Krasnoyarsk. A lokaci guda, ya shugabanci sashen yakin neman zabe a yankunan Novoselovsky da Uyarsky.
Yana ɗan shekara 30, Chernenko ya shugabanci theungiyar Kwaminis ta Yankin Krasnoyarsk. A lokacin Babban Yaƙin Patasa (1941-1945), ya yi karatu na tsawon shekaru 2 a Makarantar Sakandare ta Masu Shirya Partyungiya.
A wannan lokacin, an ba da tarihin Konstantin Chernenko aiki a kwamitin yanki na yankin Penza. A cikin 1948 ya zama shugaban sashen farfaganda na Kwamitin Tsakiya na Kwaminisancin Kwaminis na Moldova. Bayan 'yan shekaru, mutumin ya sadu da Leonid Brezhnev. Ba da daɗewa ba, ƙulla abota mai ƙarfi tsakanin ’yan siyasa, wanda ya kasance har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsu.
A shekarar 1953, Konstantin Ustinovich ya kammala karatu daga Kedinev Pedagogical Institute, ya zama malamin tarihi. Bayan shekaru 3 an tura shi zuwa Moscow, inda ya shugabanci sashin farfaganda na Babban Kwamitin CPSU.
Chernenko ya jimre daidai da ayyukan da aka ba shi, sakamakon abin da ya zama ba makawa ma'aikaci ga Brezhnev. Leonid Ilyich da karimci ya ba wa mataimakinsa kyauta kuma ya daukaka shi matakan jam’iyya. Daga 1960 zuwa 1965, Konstantin shi ne shugaban Sakatariyar Presidium na Soviet Soviet ta Tarayyar Soviet.
Sannan mutumin an nada shi a matsayin Shugaban Janar na Sashin Kwaminisanci (1965-1982). Lokacin da a cikin 1966 aka zabi Brezhnev Babban Sakatare na Tarayyar Soviet, Chernenko ya zama hannun damansa. A cikin 1978 Konstantin Ustinovich ya zama memba na Politburo na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU.
Chernenko ya bi Leonid Brezhnev a tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashen waje, yana jin daɗin ƙawancen shugaban Soviet. Babban Sakataren ya warware duk wasu mahimman batutuwa tare da Constantine sannan kawai ya yanke hukunci na ƙarshe.
A saboda wannan dalili, abokan aikin Chernenko suka fara kiransa da "masarar launin toka", tunda yana da mummunan tasiri akan Brezhnev. A cikin hotuna da yawa, ana iya ganin 'yan siyasa kusa da juna.
A ƙarshen 70s, lafiyar Leonid Ilyich ta taɓarɓare sosai kuma mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa Konstantin Chernenko zai zama magajinsa. Koyaya, wannan na ƙarshe ya shawarci Yuri Andropov game da matsayin shugaban ƙasa. A sakamakon haka, lokacin da Brezhnev ya mutu a 1982, Andropov ya zama sabon shugaban ƙasar.
Koyaya, lafiyar sabon zaɓaɓɓen mai mulkin ya bar abin da ake buƙata. Andropov ya yi mulkin USSR na onlyan shekaru kawai, bayan haka kuma duk iko ya shiga hannun Konstantin Chernenko, wanda a wancan lokacin ya riga ya cika shekaru 72.
Daidai ne a ce a lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a matsayin Babban Sakatare, Chernenko ba shi da lafiya sosai kuma ya yi kama da ɗan tsaka-tsaki a cikin takarar neman shugabancin shugaban USSR. Wani abin ban sha'awa shine saboda yawan rashin lafiya, wasu tarurruka na Politburo na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU an gudanar dasu a asibitoci.
Konstantin Ustinovich ya yi mulkin jihar na ɗan fiye da shekara 1, amma har yanzu ya sami nasarar aiwatar da sauye-sauye sanannu. A karkashin sa, aka gabatar da Ranar Ilimi a hukumance, wanda ake bikin yau 1 ga Satumba. Tare da sallamawarsa, ci gaba da ingantaccen shiri na sake fasalin tattalin arziki.
A karkashin Chernenko, akwai kusanci da China da Spain, yayin da dangantaka da Amurka ta kasance mai tsami sosai. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, Sakatare Janar ya gabatar da takunkumi kan ayyukan kiɗan mai son a cikin ƙasar, tun da ya ga yadda kiɗan rock na ƙasashen waje ke shafar matasa.
Rayuwar mutum
Matar farko ta dan siyasa ita ce Faina Vasilievna, wacce ta zauna tare da ita tsawon shekaru. A cikin wannan auren, ma'auratan suna da ɗa namiji Albert da yarinya Lydia.
Bayan haka, Chernenko ya auri Anna Lyubimova. Daga baya, ma'auratan sun sami ɗa, Vladimir, da 'ya'ya mata 2, Vera da Elena. Anna yawanci tana ba da shawara mai mahimmanci ga mijinta. A cewar wasu kafofin, ita ce ta ba da gudummawa ga abokantakarsa da Brezhnev.
Abun al'ajabi ne cewa a cikin 2015 an gabatar da takardu ga jama'a wanda Chernenko bashi da mata 2, amma yafi. A lokaci guda, ya bar wasu daga cikinsu tare da yara.
Mutuwa
Konstantin Chernenko ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1985 yana da shekara 73. Dalilin mutuwarsa shine kamun zuciya, a kan asalin ƙuruciya da gazawar huhu. Mikhail Gorbachev an zaɓi magajinsa a wannan matsayin washegari.
Hotunan Chernenko
