Yuri Andropov (1914-1984) - ɗan siyasan Soviet kuma ɗan siyasa, shugaban USSR a 1982-1984. Babban Sakatare na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU (1982-1984).
Shugaban Presidium na Soviet mafi girma na USSR (1983-1984). A lokacin 1967-1982. ya shugabanci Kwamitin Tsaro na Tarayyar Soviet. Gwarzo na kwadagon gurguzu.
Akwai tarihin gaskiya game da tarihin Andropov, wanda zamu fada game da shi a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Yuri Andropov.
Tarihin rayuwar Andropov
An haifi Yuri Andropov a ranar 2 ga Yuni (15), 1914 a ƙauyen Nagutskaya (lardin Stavropol). Bayani game da asalinsa har yanzu ana rarraba shi, mai yiwuwa saboda dalilin cewa mahaifiyarsa ta kasance jami'in leken asirin Soviet. A sakamakon haka, ana tambaya da yawa daga tarihin rayuwar Andropov.
Yara da samari
Shugaban USSR na gaba ya girma cikin dangin ma'aikacin jirgin ƙasa Vladimir Andropov, wanda ya kasance mahaifinsa. Mutumin ya mutu a shekarar 1919 daga cutar sankarau lokacin da yaron bai kai shekara 5 da haihuwa ba.
A cewar Yuri Vladimirovich, mahaifiyarsa, Evgenia Karlovna, diya ce da wani Bayahude ɗan ƙasar Finland mai suna Karl Fleckenstein ya karɓa, wanda ya mallaki kantin kayan ado.
Mace daga shekaru 17 ta koyar da kiɗa a cikin gidan motsa jiki na mata.
Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, Yuri ya koma tare da mahaifiyarsa don zama a Mozdok. A nan ya kammala karatun sakandare kuma ya shiga Komsomol. A lokacin, mahaifiyarsa ta sake yin aure.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1932-1936. Andropov yayi karatu a makarantar koyon fasaha ta Rybinsk, ya zama mai fasaha don aikin jigilar kogi. Daga baya ya kammala karatu ba tare da ya halarci Makarantar Higher Party ba a ƙarƙashin kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU (b)
Bugu da kari, Yuri Andropov ya yi karatu ba ya karatu a sashen tarihi da ba da taimako na Jami'ar Karelo-Finnish.
Koyaya, bayan karatun a jami'a tsawon shekaru 4, ya bar ta. Wannan ya faru ne saboda sauyawarsa zuwa Moscow. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a ƙuruciyarsa ya sami damar yin aiki a matsayin mai ba da sabis na telegraph kuma har ma a matsayin mai gabatar da bincike.
Siyasa
Yayin da yake ɗalibi, Yuri ya fara sha'awar siyasa. A tsakiyar 30s, ya kasance mai shirya Komsomol a filin jirgin Rybinsk, bayan da ya gudanar cikin shekaru kaɗan ya hau kan mukamin sakatare na farko na kwamitin yankin Yaroslavl na kungiyar Komsomol.
A wannan matsayin, Andropov ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai hazaka mai tsari da kwaminisanci abin koyi, wanda ya ja hankalin jagorancin Moscow. Sakamakon haka, an umurce shi da ya shirya ƙungiyar matasa ta Komsomol a cikin jamhuriyar Karelo-Finnish da aka kafa a 1940.
Anan Yuri ya kwashe kimanin shekaru 10, yana jimre dukkan ayyukan daidai. Lokacin da Babban Yaƙin rioasa ya fara (1941-1945), bai shiga ciki ba, saboda matsalolin lafiya. Musamman, yana da matsalolin koda.
Duk da haka, Andropov ya taimaki ƙasar a yaƙin da mamayar mamayar fascist ta Jamus. Ya yi ƙoƙari sosai don tara matasa da tsara ƙungiyoyin nuna bangaranci a Karelia, kuma bayan ƙarshen yaƙin ya dawo da tattalin arzikin ƙasa.
Saboda wannan, an ba wa mutumin umarnin biyu na Red Banner of Labour da lambar "Partisan of the Patriotic War" digiri na 1.
Bayan haka, aikin Yuri Vladimirovich ya fara haɓaka har ma da sauri. A farkon shekarun 1950, an canza shi zuwa Moscow kuma aka naɗa shi zuwa mukamin mai kula da kwamitin kolin. Ba da daɗewa ba aka tura shi Hungary a matsayin jakadan Soviet.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a cikin 1956 Andropov ya shiga hannu kai tsaye wajen murkushe boren Hungary - tawaye dauke da makamai ga gwamnatin Hungary mai bin Soviet, wacce sojojin Soviet suka rusa.
KGB din
A watan Mayu 1967, Yuri Andropov aka amince da shi a matsayin shugaban KGB, wanda ya rike tsawon shekaru 15. A karkashinsa ne wannan tsarin ya fara taka rawar gani a jihar.
Ta hanyar umarnin Andropov, an kafa abin da ake kira Darakta ta Biyar, wanda ke sarrafa wakilan masu hankali da kuma kawar da duk wani harin anti-Soviet.
A zahiri, ba tare da amincewar shugabancin KGB ba, babu wani muhimmin alƙawari guda ɗaya da zai iya wucewa a duk yankuna, gami da ma'aikatu, masana'antu, al'adu, wasanni da sauran fannoni.
Kwamitin Tsaron Jiha ya yi yaƙi da masu adawa da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa. A karkashin Andropov, galibi ana tura masu adawa da su zuwa asibitocin masu tabin hankali don kula da tilas. Da umurninsa a cikin 1973, fara fitar da masu adawa da shi.
Don haka, a cikin 1974, aka kori Alexander Solzhenitsyn daga Tarayyar Soviet kuma aka hana shi zama ɗan ƙasa. Shekaru shida bayan haka, an kori shahararren masanin kimiyyar nan Andrei Sakharov zuwa garin Gorky, inda jami'an KGB suka sa masa ido ba dare ba rana.
A cikin 1979, Yuri Andropov yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara gabatar da sojojin Soviet zuwa Afghanistan. Jama'a sun yi amannar cewa Ministan Tsaro Dmitry Ustinov da shugaban KGB Yuri Andropov su ne manyan masu laifi wajen sakin rikicin soja.
Kyakkyawan fasali na aikinsa sun haɗa da yaƙi mai ƙarfi da cin hanci da rashawa. Tuhumarsa na da albashi mai yawa, amma idan ya samu labarin cin hanci, to an hukunta mai laifin.
Sakatare Janar
Bayan mutuwar Leonid Brezhnev a 1982, Yuri Andropov ya zama sabon shugaban USSR. Wannan nadin na daya daga cikin mahimman bayanai a tarihin rayuwarsa. Da farko dai, ya fara gabatar da horo na kwadago, yana kokarin kawar da nakasa gaba daya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a cikin waɗancan shekarun, yayin gwajin rana da rana a gidajen silima, samamen 'yan sanda ne. Dole ne a bayyana wa masu kallon da aka tsare abin da suke yi a sinima a lokacin da duk mutane ke aiki.
Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, rashin samun kudin shiga da jita-jita ya fara a kasar. Adadin mutanen da aka samu da aikata laifuka ya karu. A cikin layi daya da wannan, an ƙaddamar da yakin yaƙi da shan barasa, wanda a sakamakon haka aka tsananta masa sosai.
Kuma idan a cikin manufofin cikin gida Andropov ya sami nasarar cimma wasu nasarori, to a cikin manufofin ƙasashen waje komai ya bambanta. Yakin da aka yi a Afghanistan da dangantaka mai kyau da Amurka bai ba da damar rage rashin amincewa da baƙi a cikin USSR ba.
Zai yiwu Yuri Vladimirovich na iya magance wasu matsaloli da yawa, amma saboda wannan yana buƙatar ƙarin lokaci. Yana da kyau a lura cewa ya shugabanci kasar na kasa da shekaru 2.
Rayuwar mutum
A tsawon shekarun tarihin rayuwarsa, Andropov ya yi aure sau biyu. Matarsa ta farko ita ce Nina Engalycheva, wacce ta zauna tare da shi kimanin shekara 5. A cikin wannan ƙungiyar, an haifi yarinyar Evgenia da ɗa Vladimir.
Wani abin ban sha’awa shine dan babban sakataren ya yi zaman gidan yari sau biyu saboda sata. Bayan fitowar sa, ya sha giya sosai kuma bai yi aiki a ko'ina ba. Yuri Andropov ya ɓoye gaskiyar cewa ɗansa Vladimir yana cikin kurkuku, tunda babu ɗayan membobin manyan shugabannin da ke da irin waɗannan dangin.
A sakamakon haka, Vladimir ya mutu yana da shekara 35. Abin mamaki, mahaifinsa baya son halartar jana'izarsa. Daga baya, Yuri Andropov ya auri Tatiana Lebedeva. Ma'aurata suna da 'yar, Irina, da ɗa, Igor.
Mutuwa
Shekaru 4 kafin rasuwarsa, Andropov ya ziyarci Afghanistan, inda ya kamu da cutar kaza. Maganin ya yi wuya, kuma cutar ta haifar da mummunar matsala ga kodan da gani.
'Yan watanni kafin mutuwarsa, lafiyar Sakatare Janar ta kara tabarbarewa. Ya yi amfani da mafi yawan lokacinsa a cikin ƙasar zama. Mutumin yana da rauni sosai wanda sau da yawa yakan kasa tashi daga kan gado. A watan Satumba na 1983 ya tafi ya huta a cikin Kirimiya.
A cikin sashin teku, Yuri Vladimirovich ya kamu da sanyi, sakamakon haka ya ci gaba da kumburin purulent na cellulose. An yi masa aiki cikin nasara, amma raunin da ya biyo baya bai warke ba ta kowace hanya. Jiki a gajiye ya kasa fada da maye.
Yuri Andropov ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1984 yana da shekara 69. Babban abin da ya haddasa mutuwa shi ne gazawar koda.
Hotunan Andropov
