Menene eugenics kuma meye dalilinsa ba kowa saninsa ba. Wannan koyaswar ta bayyana a karni na 19, amma ta sami karbuwa mafi girma a cikin shekarun farko na karni na 20.
A cikin wannan labarin, zamu duba menene eugenics kuma menene matsayinta a tarihin ɗan adam.
Menene ma'anar eugenics
Fassara daga tsohuwar kalmar Helenanci "eugenics" na nufin - "mai daraja" ko "kyakkyawan kirki." Don haka, eugenics koyarwa ce game da zabin mutane, da kuma hanyoyin inganta kayan gadon mutum. Dalilin koyarwar shine yaƙar abubuwan al'ajabi na lalacewa a cikin tafkin ɗabi'ar ɗan adam.
A cikin sauki, eugenics ya zama dole domin ceton mutane daga cututtuka, munanan halaye, aikata laifi, da sauransu, ba su kyawawan halaye - baiwa, haɓaka tunani, lafiya da sauran abubuwa makamantan su.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa an rarraba eugenics zuwa nau'ikan 2:
- Tabbataccen eugenics. Manufarta ita ce ƙara yawan mutane masu halaye masu amfani (masu amfani).
- Eugenics mara kyau. Aikinta shi ne halakar da mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan hankali ko na zahiri, ko kuma suke cikin jinsin "ƙananan".
A farkon karnin da ya gabata, ilimin kere-kere ya shahara sosai a Amurka da kasashen Turai daban-daban, amma da zuwan Nazis, wannan koyarwar ta sami ma'ana mara kyau.
Kamar yadda kuka sani, a cikin mulkin Reich na Uku, 'yan Nazi sun yi birgima, ma'ana, an kashe su, "duk masu ƙarancin ra'ayi" - kwaminisanci, wakilan hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba, gypsies, Yahudawa, Slav da mutane masu tabin hankali. Saboda wannan dalili, bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu (1939-1945), an soki lamirin eugenics sosai.
Kowace shekara ana samun ƙarin masu adawa da eugenics. Masana kimiyya sun bayyana cewa gadon kyawawan halaye da halaye marasa kyau sosai. Kari kan hakan, mutanen da suke da larurar haihuwa na iya samun kaifin basira kuma su zama masu amfani ga al'umma.
A cikin 2005, ƙasashen Tarayyar Turai sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar kan Biomedicine da 'Yancin Dan Adam, wanda ya hana:
- nuna wariya ga mutane bisa asalinsu;
- gyara kwayar halittar mutum;
- ƙirƙirar amfrayo don dalilan kimiyya.
Shekaru 5 kafin rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar, jihohin EU sun zartar da kundin doka na 'yanci, wanda ya yi magana game da haramcin eugenics. A yau, eugenics ya canza zuwa wani yanayi zuwa biomedicine da genetics.
