Francois VI de La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680) - Marubucin Faransa, marubuci kuma marubucin ayyukan falsafa da ɗabi'a. Na dangin kudancin Faransa ne na La Rochefoucauld. Jarumin Fronde.
A lokacin rayuwar mahaifinsa (har zuwa 1650), Prince de Marsillac ya sami taken ladabi. Babban jikan wancan François de La Rochefoucauld wanda aka kashe a daren St. Bartholomew.
Sakamakon kwarewar rayuwar La Rochefoucauld shine "Maxims" - tarin kayan tarihi ne na musamman wadanda suka hadu da tsarin falsafar yau da kullun. Matsakaici shine littafin da mashahuran mutane suka fi so, gami da Leo Tolstoy.
Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar La Rochefoucauld, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin François de La Rochefoucauld.
Tarihin rayuwar La Rochefoucauld
An haifi François a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1613 a Faris. Ya girma a cikin dangin Duke François 5 de La Rochefoucauld da matarsa Gabriella du Plessis-Liancourt.
Yara da samari
Francois ya yi rayuwar yarintarsa duka a cikin gidan gidan Verteil. Iyalan La Rochefoucauld, wanda a ciki aka haifa musu yara 12, suna samun kuɗin shiga sosai. Marubucin nan gaba ya sami ilimi a matsayin mai martaba na zamaninsa, wanda aka mai da hankali kan lamuran soja da farauta.
Koyaya, albarkacin ilimantar da kai, François ya zama ɗayan mutane masu wayo a cikin ƙasar. Ya fara bayyana a kotu yana dan shekara 17. Tare da kyakkyawan horon soja, ya shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da dama.
La Rochefoucauld ya halarci shahararren Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin (1618-1648), wanda ta wata hanyar daban ya shafi kusan duk jihohin Turai. Af, rikicin soja ya faro ne a matsayin rikicin addini tsakanin Furotesta da Katolika, amma daga baya ya zama gwagwarmaya da mamayar Habsburgs a Turai.
François de La Rochefoucauld ya kasance yana adawa da manufar Kadinal Richelieu, sannan Cardinal Mazarin, yana goyon bayan ayyukan Sarauniya Anne ta Austria.
Kasancewa cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da hijira
Lokacin da mutumin ya kai kimanin shekara 30, an ba shi amanar gwamnan lardin Poitou. A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1648-1653. La Rochefoucauld ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar Fronde, jerin rikice-rikicen adawa da gwamnati a Faransa, wanda a zahiri ke wakiltar yakin basasa.
A tsakiyar 1652, François, yana yaƙi da sojojin masarauta, an harbe shi a fuska kuma ya kusan makancewa. Bayan shigowar Louis XIV cikin Paris mai tawaye da murkushe fiasco na Fronde, marubucin ya yi ƙaura zuwa Angumua.
Yayin da yake gudun hijira, La Rochefoucauld ya sami damar inganta lafiyarsa. A can ya shiga aikin gida, da kuma rubuce-rubuce masu aiki. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa ya kirkiro sanannen "Memoirs".
A ƙarshen 1650s, François ya sami cikakkiyar gafara, wanda ya ba shi damar komawa zuwa Paris. A cikin babban birnin, al'amuransa sun fara inganta. Ba da daɗewa ba, masarautar ta ɗora wa mai ilimin falsafa wani babban fensho, kuma ya ɗora wa manyan 'ya'yansa matsayi.
A shekarar 1659, La Rochefoucauld ya gabatar da hoton kansa na adabi, inda ya bayyana manyan halayen. Ya yi magana kansa a matsayin mutum mai ɓacin rai wanda ba kasafai yake dariya ba kuma galibi yana cikin zurfin tunani.
Hakanan François de La Rochefoucauld ya lura cewa yana da tunani. A lokaci guda, ba shi da wani babban ra'ayi game da kansa, amma kawai ya bayyana gaskiyar tarihin rayuwarsa.
Adabi
Babban aikin marubuci shi ne "Memoirs", wanda, a cewar marubucin, an yi shi ne kawai don kusancin mutane, ba don jama'a ba. Wannan aikin tushe ne mai mahimmanci daga lokacin Fronde.
A cikin Memoirs, La Rochefoucauld cikin ƙwarewa ya bayyana jerin abubuwan da suka faru na siyasa da na soja, yayin ƙoƙarin zama haƙiƙa. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa ya ma yaba da wasu ayyukan Cardinal Richelieu.
Koyaya, shaharar duniya ta Francois de La Rochefoucauld ya kawo ta "Maxims", ko a cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi aphorisms, wanda ke nuna hikimar aiki. Bugun farko na tarin an buga shi ba tare da sanin marubucin ba a 1664 kuma ya ƙunshi aphorisms 188.
Shekara guda bayan haka, bugun marubuci na farko na "Maxim" an riga an buga shi, tuni ya kunshi maganganu 317. A lokacin rayuwar La Rochefoucauld, an buga ƙarin tarin 4, na ƙarshe wanda ya ƙunshi sama da 500 maxim.
Namiji yana da shakku sosai game da ɗabi'ar ɗan adam. Babban tasirinsa: "Kyawawan halayenmu galibi suna ɓoye munanan halaye."
Yana da kyau a lura cewa François ya ga son kai da kuma bin manufofin son kai a cikin zuciyar duk ayyukan ɗan adam. A cikin bayanan nasa, ya bayyana muguntar mutane a cikin sifa kai tsaye da guba, galibi yin ta da zagi.
La Rochefoucauld ya bayyana ra'ayinsa kwata-kwata kamar haka: "Dukanmu muna da isashen haƙuri na Kirista don jure wahalar wasu."
Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa a cikin Rashanci "Maxims" na Bafaranshe ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin ƙarni na 18, yayin da rubutunsu bai cika ba. A cikin 1908, an buga tarin La Rochefoucauld albarkacin ƙoƙarin Leo Tolstoy. Af, falsafan nan Friedrich Nietzsche ya yi magana sosai game da aikin marubucin, ba kawai ɗabi'unsa ne suka yi tasiri a kansa ba, har ma da salon rubutunsa.
Rayuwar mutum
François de La Rochefoucauld ya auri Andre de Vivonne yana da shekara 14. A cikin wannan auren, ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya mata 3 - Henrietta, Françoise da Marie Catherine, da' ya'ya maza biyar - François, Charles, Henri Achilles, Jean Baptiste da Alexander.
A tsawon shekarun tarihin kansa, La Rochefoucauld yana da mata da yawa. Na dogon lokaci yana cikin dangantaka da Duchess de Longueville, wanda ya auri Yarima Henry II.
A sakamakon dangantakar su, an haifi ɗa mara ɗa Charles Paris de Longueville. Abin birgewa ne cewa a nan gaba ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu neman kujerar shugabancin Poland.
Mutuwa
François de La Rochefoucauld ya mutu ranar 17 ga Maris, 1680 yana da shekara 66. Mutuwar ɗa ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza da cututtukansa sun yi duhun shekarunsa na rayuwa.
La Rochefoucauld Hotuna
