Alexander Fridman

Alexander Alexandrovich Fridman (1888-1925) - Masanin lissafi dan Rasha da Soviet, masanin kimiyyar lissafi da ilimin kasa, wanda ya kirkiro kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zamani, marubucin tarihin farko da ba tsaka-tsakin tarihi (Friedman's Universe).

Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Alexander Fridman, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.

Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Alexander Alexandrovich Fridman.

Tarihin rayuwar Alexander Fridman

An haifi Alexander Fridman a ranar 4 ga Yuni (16), 1888 a St. Petersburg. Ya girma kuma an girma shi a cikin dangi mai kirkira. Mahaifinsa, Alexander Alexandrovich, dan rawa ne kuma mai tsara waka, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Lyudmila Ignatievna, malama ce ta kiɗa.

Yara da samari

Bala'i na farko a cikin tarihin Friedman ya faru ne yana da shekara 9, lokacin da iyayensa suka yanke shawarar saki. Bayan haka, ya tashi a cikin sabon gidan mahaifinsa, haka ma a cikin dangin kakanin mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa. Ya kamata a lura cewa ya sake komawa dangantaka da mahaifiyarsa jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa.

Cibiyar ilimi ta farko ta Alexander ita ce makarantar motsa jiki ta St. A nan ne ya sami kyakkyawar sha'awar ilimin taurari, yana nazarin ayyukan daban-daban a wannan yankin.

A tsayi na juyin juya halin 1905, Friedman ya shiga kungiyar Makarantar Sakandare ta Arewa ta Arewa. Musamman, ya buga takardu waɗanda aka yi magana da su ga jama'a.

Yakov Tamarkin, wanda ya kasance sanannen masanin lissafi kuma mataimakin shugaban Matungiyar Lissafi ta Amurka, ya yi karatu a aji ɗaya tare da Alexander. Abota mai ƙarfi ta ɓullo tsakanin samari, tunda sun shaƙu da junan su. A cikin faɗuwar shekarar 1905, sun rubuta labarin kimiyya, wanda aka aika shi zuwa ɗayan gidajen buga littattafan kimiyya masu ƙarfi a cikin Jamus - "Litattafan Lissafi".

An ƙaddamar da wannan aikin ga lambobin Bernoulli. A sakamakon haka, a shekara mai zuwa wata mujallar Jamusanci ta buga aikin ɗaliban wasan motsa jiki na Rasha. A cikin 1906, Fridman ya kammala karatunsa na girmamawa daga dakin motsa jiki, bayan haka ya shiga Jami'ar St. Petersburg, Kwalejin Kimiyyar lissafi da Lissafi.

Bayan kammala jami'a, Alexander Alexandrovich ya tsaya a Sashin Lissafi, don shirya digiri na farfesa. A cikin shekaru 3 masu zuwa, ya gudanar da darussa masu amfani, ya koyar da karatu kuma ya ci gaba da karatun lissafi da lissafi.

Ayyukan kimiyya

Lokacin da Fridman yake kimanin shekaru 25, sai aka bashi wuri a Aerological Observatory, wanda ke kusa da St. Petersburg. Sannan ya fara zurfafa bincike kan ilimin sararin samaniya.

Shugaban gidan kallon ya yaba da kwarewar matashin masanin sannan ya gayyace shi ya karanci yanayin yanayi.

A sakamakon haka, a farkon shekara ta 1914 aka tura Alexander zuwa Jamus don ƙwarewar aiki tare da sanannen masanin yanayi Wilhelm Bjerknes, marubucin ka’idar nan gaba a sararin samaniya. A cikin 'yan watanni, Friedman ya tashi cikin jirgin sama, wanda a wancan lokacin ya shahara sosai.

Lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na (aya (1914-1918) ya ɓarke, lissafi ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin sojojin sama. A cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa, ya yi jerin gwano na gwagwarmaya, inda ba kawai ya shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da abokan gaba ba, har ma ya gudanar da bincike ta sama.

Don hidimomin sa ga Mahaifin, Alexander Alexandrovich Fridman ya zama Knight na St. George, bayan an bashi kyautar zinare da Dokar St. Vladimir.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa matukin jirgin ya kirkiro tebura don kai harin bam. Shi da kansa ya gwada duk abin da ya faru a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe.

A karshen yakin, Friedman ya zauna a Kiev, inda ya koyar a Makarantar Soja ta Masu Kula da Matukan Jirgin Sama. A wannan lokacin, ya buga aikin ilimantarwa na farko akan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama. A lokaci guda, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Tashar Jirgin Sama na Kasa.

Alexander Alexandrovich ya kirkiro aikin kula da yanayi a gaba, wanda ya taimakawa sojoji gano aikin hasashen yanayi. Sannan ya kafa kamfanin Aviapribor. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin Rasha shine farkon masana'antar kera kayan aiki.

Bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, Fridman ya yi aiki a sabuwar Jami'ar Perm da ke Kwalejin Lissafi da Lissafi. A cikin 1920, ya kafa sassan 3 da cibiyoyi 2 a fannin - ilimin lissafi da injiniya. Bayan lokaci, an amince da shi a matsayin mataimakin rector na jami'ar.

A wannan lokacin tarihin rayuwar, masanin kimiyya ya shirya al'umma inda ake karatun lissafi da lissafi. Ba da daɗewa ba, wannan ƙungiyar ta fara wallafa labaran kimiyya. Daga baya ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban, sannan kuma ya koyar da ɗalibai masu amfani da iska, kanikanci da sauran kimiyyar daidai.

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich ya kirga samfuran atom da yawa kuma yayi nazarin rashin daidaito. 'Yan shekaru kafin rasuwarsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban edita a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya "Journal of Geophysics and Meteorology".

A lokaci guda, Friedman ya tafi balaguron kasuwanci zuwa wasu ƙasashen Turai. 'Yan watanni kafin rasuwarsa, ya zama shugaban Main Geophysical Observatory.

Nasarorin kimiyya

A lokacin gajeriyar rayuwarsa, Alexander Fridman ya sami nasarar cimma sanannun fannoni daban-daban na kimiyya. Ya zama marubucin ayyuka da dama kan yanayin yanayi, mai karfin ruwa mai karfin gaske, kimiyyar lissafi, da kimiyyar sararin samaniya.

A lokacin rani na 1925, ɗan baiwa na Rasha, tare da matukin jirgin Pavel Fedoseenko, sun tashi a cikin balan-balan, har suka kai wani matsayi mafi tsayi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin - 7400 m! Ya kasance cikin farkon waɗanda suka ƙware kuma suka fara yin karatun tensor calculus, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ɓangaren shirin ma'amala na gaba ɗaya.

Friedman ya zama marubucin aikin kimiyya "Duniya a Matsayin Sarari da Lokaci", wanda ya taimaka wa 'yan uwansa su saba da sabon kimiyyar lissafi. Ya sami karbuwa a duniya bayan ƙirƙirar samfurin ofasa maras tsaye, wanda a ciki yayi annabta fadada Duniya.

Lissafin masana kimiyyar lissafi ya nuna cewa samfurin Einstein na tsayayyar Samaniya ya zama lamari na musamman, sakamakon haka ya karyata ra'ayin cewa gamammiyar ka'idar dangantakar tana bukatar daidaituwar sarari.

Alexander Alexandrovich Fridman ya tabbatar da tunaninsa game da gaskiyar cewa yakamata a yi la'akari da Duniya a matsayin lamura daban-daban: An cusa Duniyar a wani wuri (ba komai), bayan haka sai ya sake karuwa zuwa wani girman, sannan ya sake juyawa zuwa aya, da sauransu.

A gaskiya ma, mutumin ya ce za a iya halittar sararin samaniya "ba tare da komai ba." Ba da daɗewa ba, mummunan muhawara tsakanin Friedman da Einstein sun ɓullo a kan shafukan Zeitschrift für Physik. Da farko, na biyun ya soki ka'idar Friedman, amma bayan wani lokaci an tilasta masa ya yarda cewa masanin kimiyyar lissafin Rasha yayi gaskiya.

Rayuwar mutum

Matar farko ta Alexander Fridman ita ce Ekaterina Dorofeeva. Bayan haka, ya auri yarinya Natalia Malinina. A cikin wannan ƙungiyar, ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Alexander.

Abin birgewa ne cewa daga baya Natalya an ba ta digirin Doctor na Kimiyyar Jiki da Lissafi. Bugu da kari, ta shugabanci reshen Leningrad na Cibiyar Magnetism ta Kasa, Ionosphere da Rarraba Wave na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta USSR.

Mutuwa

A lokacin ziyarar amarci tare da matarsa, Friedman ya kamu da cutar typhus. Ya mutu ne sakamakon zazzabin taifod da ba a gano shi ba saboda jinya da ba ta dace ba. Alexander Alexandrovich Fridman ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1925 yana da shekara 37.

A cewar masanin kimiyyar lissafin kansa, zai iya kamuwa da cutar typhus bayan ya ci pear wanda ba a wanke ba da aka saya a daya daga cikin tashoshin jirgin.