Robert Ivanovich Rozhdestvensky (ainihin suna Robert Stanislavovich Petkevich; 1932-1994) - Mawaki Soviet da Rasha kuma mai fassara, marubucin waƙa. Oneaya daga cikin fitattun wakilai na zamanin "sittin". Lashe kyautar Lenin Komsomol da Tarayyar Soviet ta Tarayya.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Robert Rozhdestvensky, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a wannan labarin.
Don haka, ga takaitaccen tarihin rayuwar Rozhdestvensky.
Tarihin rayuwar Robert Rozhdestvensky
An haifi Robert Rozhdestvensky a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1932 a ƙauyen Altai na Kosikhe. Ya girma a cikin dangi mai sauƙi wanda ba shi da alaƙa da shayari. Mahaifinsa, Stanislav Petkevich, yana cikin aikin NKVD. Uwa, Vera Fedorova, ta shugabanci wata karamar makaranta na wani lokaci, yayin da take karatu a jami'ar likitanci.
Yara da samari
Mawaki na gaba ya karɓi sunansa don girmamawa ga Robert Eikhe mai juyin juya halin Soviet. Bala'i na farko a cikin tarihin ɗan yaron ya faru ne yana da shekaru 5, lokacin da mahaifinsa ya yanke shawarar sakin mahaifiyarsa.
Lokacin da Rozhdestvensky yake ɗan shekara 9, Babban Yaƙin rioasa (1941-1945) ya fara. A sakamakon haka, mahaifina ya tafi zuwa gaba, inda ya ba da umarnin bataliyar da ke da mukamin Laftana.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce ayar sa ta farko - "Tare da bindiga mahaifina yana tafiya ..." (1941), yaron da aka sadaukar domin mahaifansa. Stanislav Petkevich ya mutu a farkon 1945 a yankin Latvia, ba tare da ganin nasarar da Red Army ta samu a kan sojojin Hitler ba.
Mahaifiyar Robert, wacce a lokacin ta riga ta sami ilimin likitanci, an kuma kira ta zuwa aikin soja. A sakamakon haka, yaron ya tashi daga wurin mahaifiyarsa.
A cikin 1943, tsohuwar mawaƙin ta mutu, bayan haka mahaifiyar Robert ta yi wa ɗanta rajista a gidan marayu. Ta sami damar ɗauka bayan ƙarshen yaƙin. A wannan lokacin, matar ta sake yin aure tare da sojan gaba Ivan Rozhdestvensky.
Mahaifin uba ya ba wa mahaifin mahaifinsa sunan mahaifinsa na karshe kawai, har ma da sunan mahaifinsa. Bayan fatattakar 'yan Nazi, Robert da iyayensa suka zauna a Leningrad. A 1948 dangin suka koma Petrozavodsk. A cikin wannan garin ne aka fara kirkirar tarihin rayuwar Rozhdestvensky.
Wakoki da kere-kere
Wakokin farko na mutumin, wadanda suka ja hankali, an buga su a cikin mujallar Petrozavodsk "At the Turn" a shekarar 1950. Shekarar da ta gaba ya yi nasara, daga yunƙuri na 2, ya zama ɗalibi a Cibiyar Adabi. M. Gorky.
Bayan shekaru 5 na karatu a jami'a, Robert ya koma Moscow, inda ya sadu da sabon mawaƙin Yevgeny Yevtushenko. A wancan lokacin, Rozhdestvensky tuni ya riga ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa guda 2 - "Gwaji" da "Tutocin Guguwar bazara", sannan kuma ya zama marubucin waƙar "My Love".
A lokaci guda, marubucin yana son wasanni har ma ya karɓi rukunin farko a wasan kwallon raga da ƙwallon kwando. A cikin 1955, a karo na farko, waƙar "Window ɗinku" ta dogara ne da ayoyin Robert.
A cikin shekarun baya na tarihinsa, Rozhdestvensky zai sake rubuta karin waƙoƙi da yawa don waƙoƙin da duk ƙasar za su sani kuma su rera: "Waƙar Masu Aaukar fansa", "Kira Ni, Kira", "Wani wuri Nisa" da sauransu da yawa. Sakamakon haka, ya zama ɗayan mawaƙan mawaƙa a cikin USSR, tare da Akhmadulina, Voznesensky da duk Yevtushenko ɗaya.
Aikin farko na Robert Ivanovich ya cika da "ra'ayoyin Soviet", amma daga baya waƙinsa sun fara zama da waƙa sosai. Akwai ayyukanda a cikin su ake ba da hankali sosai ga abubuwan ɗan adam, gami da mafi mahimmanci a cikinsu - ƙauna.
Waqoqin da suka fi daukar hankali a wancan lokacin sun hada da "Maganganun mata", "Soyayya ta zo" da "Kasala, don Allah." A lokacin bazara na 1963, Rozhdestvensky ya halarci taro tsakanin Nikita Khrushchev da wakilan masu hankali. Babban Sakataren ya soki ayar tasa mai taken "Ee, samari."
Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa ayyukan Robert sun daina bugawa, kuma mawakin da kansa bai karɓi gayyata zuwa maraice maraice ba. Daga baya dole ne ya bar babban birni ya zauna a Kyrgyzstan, inda yake samun kuɗi ta hanyar fassara ayyukan marubutan gida zuwa Rasha.
Bayan lokaci, halin da ake ciki game da Rozhdestvensky ya yi laushi. A shekarar 1966 shi ne na farko da ya fara samun kyautar Zinariyar Zinare a bikin Wakoki a Makidoniya. A farkon shekarun 70, an bashi lambar yabo ta Moscow da Lenin Komsomol. A shekarar 1976 aka zabe shi sakataren kungiyar marubuta ta USSR, kuma shekara ta gaba ya zama memba na CPSU.
A cikin waɗannan shekarun tarihin rayuwar, Robert Rozhdestvensky ya ci gaba da rubuta waƙoƙi don waƙoƙin da shahararrun mawaƙa na Rasha ke yi. Shi ne marubucin kalmomin don yawancin shahararrun mawaƙa: "Lokaci", "Shekaruna Na", "Amo na choauna", "Jan Hankalin Duniya", da dai sauransu.
A lokaci guda, Rozhdestvensky ya dauki nauyin shirin Talabijin "Documentary Screen", inda aka nuna kayayyakin shirin. A 1979 ya sami lambar yabo ta Tarayyar Soviet saboda aikinsa "matakai 210".
Bayan 'yan shekaru, Robert Ivanovich shi ne shugaban kwamiti kan al'adun gargajiyar Osip Mandelstam, yana yin duk abin da zai yiwu don gyara mawaƙin da aka danne. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kwamitocin kan al'adun adabin Marina Tsvetaeva da Vladimir Vysotsky.
A shekarar 1993 yana daga cikin wadanda suka sanya hannu kan takaddar "Wasikar Arba'in da Biyu". Mawallafanta sun nemi sabbin zaɓaɓɓun hukumomi da su haramta "dukkan nau'ikan ƙungiyoyin kwaminisanci da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu", "duk ƙungiyoyi masu ba da kariya ba bisa doka ba", tare da sanya takunkumi mai tsauri "saboda farfagandar fascism, chauvinism, nuna wariyar launin fata, don kira ga tashin hankali da mugunta."
Rayuwar mutum
Matar mawaƙi Rozhdestvensky ta kasance mai sukar adabi da zane-zane Alla Kireeva, wacce ya ba da waƙoƙi da yawa. A cikin wannan auren, ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu - Ekaterina da Ksenia.
Mutuwa
A farkon shekarun 90, Rozhdestvensky ya kamu da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa. An yi masa aiki cikin nasara a Faransa, godiya ga abin da ya sami damar rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 4. Robert Rozhdestvensky ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1994 yana da shekara 62. Dalilin mutuwar marubucin ciwon zuciya ne.
Hotunan Rozhdestvensky
