Antonio Lucho (Lucio, Lucio) Vivaldi (1678-1741) - Marubucin Italiyanci, violin virtuoso, malami, madugu da malamin Katolika. Vivaldi shine ɗayan manyan mashahuran kayan fasahar goge na Italianasar Italiya ta ƙarni na 18.
Maigidan babban taron kade-kade da wake-wake shine Concerto Grosso, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo kusan 40. Daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan shi ana daukar shi a matsayin 4 kayan kide kide da wake-wake "Yanayi Hudu".
Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Vivaldi, wanda za mu faɗa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanka ɗan gajeren tarihin Antonio Vivaldi ne.
Tarihin rayuwar Vivaldi
An haifi Antonio Vivaldi a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1678 a Venice. Ya girma kuma ya girma a gidan wanzami kuma mawaƙi Giovanni Battista da matarsa Camilla. Baya ga Antonio, an haifi ƙarin 'ya'ya mata 3 da' ya'ya maza 2 a cikin dangin Vivaldi.
Yara da samari
An haife mawaki na gaba kafin lokacin, a watan bakwai. Ungozoma ta shawo kan iyayen su yi wa jaririn baftisma nan da nan, idan ba zato ba tsammani.
A sakamakon haka, a cikin ‘yan awanni kaɗan yaron ya yi baftisma, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar shigar da littafin coci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, girgizar ƙasa ta faru a Venice a ranar haihuwar Vivaldi. Wannan taron ya girgiza mahaifiyarsa sosai har ta yanke shawarar sanya ɗanta a matsayin firist lokacin da ya balaga.
Lafiyar Antonio ya zama abin buƙata. Musamman, ya sha wahala daga asma. Ba a san abubuwa da yawa game da yarinta da ƙuruciya ba. Wataƙila, shi ne shugaban gidan wanda ya koya wa yaron ya buga goge.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa yaron ya kware kayan aikin sosai wanda ya sanya mahaifinsa lokaci-lokaci a cikin ɗakin sujada lokacin da ya bar garin.
Daga baya, saurayin ya yi aiki a matsayin "mai tsaron gida" a cikin haikalin, yana buɗe ƙofa ga mabiyan. Yana da cikakken son zama malamin addini, wanda ya faranta ran iyayensa. A cikin 1704, mutumin ya gudanar da Mass a cocin, amma saboda rashin lafiya, yana da matukar wahala a gare shi ya iya magance ayyukansa.
A nan gaba, Antonio Vivaldi zai riƙe Mass sau da yawa, bayan haka zai bar aikinsa a cikin haikalin, kodayake zai ci gaba da zama firist.
Waƙa
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 25, Vivaldi ya zama mai kyan kyan gani, dangane da abin da ya fara koya wa marayu da yara matalauta yin wasan kida a makaranta a gidan sufa, sannan a gidan kula. Ya kasance a wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa ya fara tsara kyawawan ayyukansa.
Antonio Vivaldi ya rubuta kide kide da wake-wake da wake-wake da wake-wake bisa dogaro da rubuce-rubucen littafi mai tsarki don ɗalibai. Waɗannan ayyukan an yi niyya ne don yin solo, ƙungiyar mawaƙa da wasan kwaikwayo. Ba da daɗewa ba ya fara koya wa marayu yin wasa ba kawai goge ba, har ma da viola.
A cikin 1716, an ba Vivaldi ikon kula da gidan, sakamakon abin da ya ke da alhakin duk ayyukan kide-kide na makarantar ilimi. A wannan lokacin, an riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an buga opus na mawaki 2, sonatas 12 kowannensu, da kuma kide-kide 12 - "Ingantaccen Inspiration".
Kiɗan Italiyanci ya sami karbuwa a wajen jihar. Abin sha'awa, Antonio ya yi aiki a ofishin jakadancin Faransa da gaban sarki Danmark Frederick IV, wanda daga baya ya sadaukar da yawancin sonatas.
Bayan haka, Vivaldi ya zauna a Mantua bisa gayyatar Yarima Philip na Hesse-Darmstadt. A wannan lokacin ya fara hada opera wadanda ba na zamani ba, wanda na farko ana kiransa Otto a cikin Villa. Lokacin da impresario da patrons suka ji wannan aikin, sai suka yaba da shi.
A sakamakon haka, Antonio Vivaldi ya karɓi oda don sabon opera daga daraktan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na San Angelo. Dangane da mawaƙin, a cikin lokacin daga 1713-1737. ya rubuta opera 94, amma maki 50 ne suka rayu har zuwa yau.
Da farko, komai ya tafi daidai, amma daga baya jama'ar Venetia sun fara rasa sha'awar wasan opera. A cikin 1721, Vivaldi ya je Milan, inda ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayon "Sylvia", kuma shekara ta gaba ta gabatar da magana a kan labarin littafi mai tsarki.
Sannan maestro ya zauna na ɗan lokaci a cikin Rome, yana ƙirƙirar sabbin operas. Wani abin ban sha’awa shi ne Paparoma da kansa ya gayyace shi don ya ba da shagali. Wannan taron ya zama ɗayan mahimmancin tarihin rayuwarsa, saboda gaskiyar cewa Vivaldi firist ɗin Katolika ne.
A cikin 1723-1724 Vivaldi ya rubuta shahararrun Duniya. Kowane ɗayan kide-kide da raye-raye na goge 4 an sadaukar da su don bazara, hunturu, bazara da kaka. Masana kimiyyar kide-kide da talakawa masu son kide-kide na yau da kullun sun gane cewa wadannan ayyukan suna wakiltar mafi girman kwarewar Italiyanci.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa sanannen mai tunanin Jean-Jacques Rousseau yayi magana sosai game da aikin Antonio. Bugu da ƙari, shi da kansa yana son yin wasu kide-kide a kan sarewa.
Yawon shakatawa mai motsi ya jagoranci Vivaldi don saduwa da mai mulkin Austriya Karl 6, wanda ke son kiɗan sa. A sakamakon haka, abota ta kut da kut ya shiga tsakanin su. Kuma idan a cikin Venice aikin maestro bai zama sananne ba, to a Turai komai ya kasance akasin haka.
Bayan haduwa da Karl 6, Vivaldi ya koma Austria, yana fatan ci gaban aiki. Koyaya, sarkin ya mutu jim kaɗan da isowar Italia. A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, Antonio dole ne ya sayar da ayyukansa don dinari, yana fuskantar matsaloli na rashin kuɗi.
Rayuwar mutum
Tun da maestro firist ne, ya manne wa rashin yin aure, kamar yadda koyarwar Katolika ta buƙata. Duk da haka, mutanen zamaninsa sun kama shi tare da ɗalibinsa Anna Giraud da 'yar'uwarta Paolina.
Vivaldi ya koya wa Anna waƙa, yana rubuta mata opera da yawa da sassaɗaɗɗun sassanta. Matasa galibi suna hutawa tare kuma suna yin tafiye tafiye tare. Ya kamata a lura cewa Paolina a shirye take ta yi masa komai.
Yarinyar ta kula da Antonio, tana taimaka masa ya jimre da rashin lafiya mai tsanani da kuma rauni na zahiri. Malaman addini sun kasa nutsuwa su lura da yadda yake tare da 'yan mata biyu.
A cikin 1738, Cardinal-Archbishop na Ferrara, inda za a gudanar da buki tare da opera na yau da kullun, ya hana Vivaldi da ɗalibansa shiga gari. Bugu da ƙari, ya ba da umarnin yin bikin Mass, saboda faɗuwar mawaƙin.
Mutuwa
Antonio Vivaldi ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1741 a Vienna, jim kaɗan bayan mutuwar maigidansa Charles 6. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yana da shekara 63. A 'yan watannin da suka gabata, ya kasance cikin tsananin talauci da mantuwa, sakamakon haka an binne shi a makabartar talakawa.
