Frederic Chopin, cikakken suna - Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin (1810-1849) - Mawaki ɗan Poland kuma mai kaɗa fiyayan asalin Faransanci-Yaren mutanen Poland. A cikin shekarunsa sun girma ya rayu kuma yayi aiki a Faransa.
Ofayan ɗayan wakilai na Yammacin Turai da ke raye raye da raɗaɗin raye-raye, wanda ya kafa makarantar haɗin gwiwar nationalasar Poland. Ya yi tasiri sosai a waƙar duniya.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin Chopin, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Fryderyk Chopin.
Tarihin Chopin
An haifi Fryderyk Chopin a ranar 1 ga Maris, 1810 a ƙauyen Poland na Zhelyazova Wola. Ya girma kuma ya girma cikin iyali mai hankali.
Mahaifinsa, Nicolas Chopin, malami ne na Faransanci da Jamusanci. Mahaifiyata, Tekla Justina Kshizhanovskaya, tana da ilimi kwarai da gaske, tana buga piano da kyau kuma tana da kyakkyawar murya.
Yara da samari
Baya ga Fryderyk, an kuma haifi wasu 'yan mata 3 a cikin dangin Chopin - Ludwika, Isabella da Emilia. Yaron ya fara nuna ƙwarewar kide kide da kuruciya tun yana yara.
Kamar Mozart, yaron ya shagaltu da zahiri tare da kiɗa, tare da sha'awar ingantawa da kuma wasan fiyano na asali. Yayin sauraron wannan ko wancan abun, Chopin yana iya fashewa da kuka cikin sauƙi. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, sau da yawa yakan tashi daga gadonsa da dare don yin rikodin karin waƙar da ya tuna.
Tuni yana da shekaru 5, Fryderyk ya fara ba da kide kide da wake-wake, kuma bayan shekaru 2 ya yi karatu tare da sanannen mai kaɗa fiyano Wojciech Zhivny. Alibin ya haɓaka ƙwarewar kiɗarsa da sauri har zuwa lokacin da yake shekaru 12 ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan fyano a ƙasar.
Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa malamin Chopin ya ƙi ci gaba da koyar da matashin, tunda ba zai iya ba shi sabon ilimi ba. Baya ga darussan piano, Fryderyk ya yi karatu a makarantar. Bayan kammala karatu, ya fara halartar azuzuwan koyarwa tare da mawaki Jozef Elsner.
Bayan lokaci, saurayin ya haɗu da Yarima Anton Radziwill, wanda ya taimake shi ya sami kansa a cikin manyan mutane. A lokacin tarihin rayuwa, kyawawan halaye sun riga sun ziyarci ƙasashen Turai da yawa, kuma sun ziyarci Daular Rasha. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa aikinsa ya burge Alexander I sosai har sarki ya ba wa ɗan baiwa baiwa da zoben lu'u-lu'u.
Kiɗa da koyarwa
Lokacin da Chopin ke da shekaru 19, ya fara yawon shakatawa a garuruwa da ƙasashe daban-daban. Amma rangadin farko na Turai, wanda aka shirya a shekara mai zuwa, ya zama rabuwa da ƙaunataccen Warsaw.
Warewa daga mahaifarsa zai zama sanadin ɓoye ɓacin ran Frederick. A cikin 1830 ya sami labarin boren neman 'yancin kan Poland, dangane da abin da yake so ya shiga ciki. Koyaya, a kan hanya, an sanar da shi game da kawar da tarzoma, wanda ya tayar da hankalin mawaƙin.
A sakamakon haka, Chopin ya zauna a Faransa. A cikin tunawa da gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci, ya rubuta 1st opus of etudes, gami da sanannen Juyin Juya Hali Etude. Tun daga wannan lokacin, mawaƙin bai taɓa zuwa mahaifarsa ba.
A Faransa, Frederic yakan yi wasa a cikin gidajen tsofaffi, da wuya ya ba da cikakken kide kide. Yana da abokai da abokai da yawa da ke cikin zane-zane. Ya kasance abokai tare da fitattun mawaƙa kamar Schumann, Mendelssohn, Liszt, Berlioz da Bellini.
Chopin ya rubuta ayyuka da yawa don piano. Wakar Adam Mickiewicz ta burge shi, ya ƙirƙiri ballada 4, waɗanda ya sadaukar da ita ga ƙaunatacciyar Poland. Bugu da kari, ya zama marubucin kide kide da wake-wake 2, sonata 3, 4 scherzos, da kuma yawan bautar dare, etudes, mazurkas, polonaises da sauran ayyukan piano.
Marubutan tarihin Fryderyk Chopin sun lura cewa waltz shine mafi kusancin jinsi a cikin aikinsa. Gwajin sa ya nuna kwarewar tarihin rayuwa da farin ciki.
An rarrabe mutumin ta hanyar daidaito da keɓewa, a sakamakon haka sai waɗanda suka san ayyukan ayyukan marubucin kaɗai za su iya sanin halinsa. Ofaya daga cikin kololuwar aikinsa ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin zagaye wanda ya ƙunshi gabatarwa 24. An ƙirƙira shi a lokacin tarihin rayuwa, lokacin da masu kirki suka fara dandana soyayya da rabuwa.
Bayan samun karbuwa a duniya, Frederick ya zama mai sha'awar koyar da piano. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, ya zama marubucin tsarin faya-fayai na musamman wanda ya taimaki 'yan fiyano da yawa don kaiwa ga matsayi mai girma a cikin kiɗa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin ɗalibansa akwai girlsan mata da yawa daga manyan mutane. Koyaya, sanannen zarge-zargen sa shine Adolf Gutmann, wanda daga baya ya zama ƙwararren ɗan fanda da editan kiɗa.
Rayuwar mutum
A cikin rayuwar rayuwar mawaki, ba komai ne ya yi kyau ba kamar yadda yake a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa. Masoyin sa na farko shine Maria Wodzińska. Bayan ba da gudummawar, iyayen Maria sun dage cewa sai a shekara za a sake yin bikin. Don haka, surukin mahaifin mahaifin da surukar ya so ya gamsu da jin daɗin rayuwar surukinsa.
A sakamakon haka, Frederick bai sadu da tsammaninsu ba, kuma an dakatar da ba da yarjejeniyar. Saurayin ya shiga cikin tsaka mai wuya tare da ƙaunataccensa, yana mai bayyana baƙin cikinsa a cikin ayyuka da yawa. Musamman, a lokacin ne aka halicci Sonata ta 2, ɓangaren jinkirinta ana kiranta "Maris Jana'iza".
Ba da daɗewa ba, Chopin ya fara ma'amala tare da Aurora Dupin, wanda aka fi sani da sunan ɓoye Georges Sand. Ta kasance mai goyon bayan yarinyar mata. Yarinyar ba ta yi jinkiri ba wajen yin ado a cikin suturar maza kuma ta fi son buɗe dangantaka da kishiyar jinsi.
Na dogon lokaci, matasa sun ɓoye alaƙar su ga jama'a. Asali, sun kasance suna cikin gidan sirri na ƙaunataccen su a Mallorca. A can ne Frederick ya fara rashin lafiya wanda ya zama sanadin mutuwarsa kwatsam.
Yanayin tsibirin mai danshi da yawan fada tare da Aurora ya haifar da tarin fuka a Chopin. Mutanen da suka yi zamani da mutumin sun yi iƙirarin cewa yarinyar mai iko tana da tasiri sosai a kan mawaƙin mara ƙarfi.
Mutuwa
Zaman shekara goma tare da Dupin, cike da gwaje-gwaje na ɗabi'a, ya yi mummunan tasiri ga yanayin lafiyar Frederick. Bugu da ƙari, rabuwa da ita a cikin 1847 ya haifar masa da damuwa mai tsanani. Shekarar da ta biyo baya, ya ba da wakarsa ta ƙarshe a Landan, bayan haka ya kwanta kuma bai sake tashi ba.
Fryderyk Chopin ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 17 (17), 1849 yana da shekara 39. Dalilin mutuwarsa cutar tarin fuka ce mai ci gaba. Bisa ga wasiyyar karshe ta mawaƙin, an kai zuciyarsa gida, kuma an binne gawarsa a cikin shahararren maƙabartar Faris ɗin nan Paris Lachaise. Ana ajiye gilashin da zuciya ɗaya a cikin ɗayan cocin Warsaw.
Hotunan Chopin
