Erich Seligmann Daga - Masanin halayyar dan adam, masanin falsafa, masanin halayyar dan adam, masanin halayyar dan adam, wakilin Makarantar Frankfurt, daya daga cikin wadanda suka assasa sabon-Freudianism da Freudomarxism. Duk rayuwarsa ya dukufa ga karatun ilimin tunanin dan adam da fahimtar sabanin rayuwar dan adam a duniya.
A cikin tarihin rayuwar Erich Fromm, akwai abubuwa da yawa masu ban sha'awa daga rayuwarsa da kuma ilimin kimiyya.
Mun kawo muku takaitaccen tarihin rayuwar Erich Fromm.
Tarihin rayuwar Erich Fromm
An haifi Erich Fromm ne a ranar 23 ga Maris, 1900 a Frankfurt am Main. Ya girma kuma ya tashi cikin dangin yahudawa masu ibada.
Mahaifinsa, Naftali Fromm, shi ne mai shagon sayar da giya. Uwa, Rosa Krause, 'yar masu hijira daga Poznan (a waccan lokacin Prussia).
Yara da samari
Erich ya tafi makaranta, inda, ban da fannoni na gargajiya, ana koyar da yara abubuwan koyaswa da tushen addini.
Duk membobin gidan suna bin ƙa'idodin asali waɗanda ke da alaƙa da addini. Iyayen sun so ɗansu tilo da ya zama malami a nan gaba.
Bayan karɓar takardar shaidar makaranta, saurayin ya shiga Jami'ar Heidelberg.
Tun yana da shekara 22, Fromm ya kare karatun digirin digirgir, bayan haka ya ci gaba da karatu a Jamus, a Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Hauka.
Falsafa
A tsakiyar 1920s, Erich Fromm ya zama masanin halayyar ɗan adam. Ba da daɗewa ba ya fara aikin kansa, wanda ya ci gaba tsawon shekaru 35.
A tsawon shekarun tarihin sa, Fromm ya sami damar sadarwa tare da dubunnan marasa lafiya, yana kokarin fadadawa da fahimtar tunanin su.
Likitan ya sami nasarar tattara abubuwa masu amfani da yawa, wadanda suka bashi damar yin nazari dalla-dalla game da halaye da dabi'un halittar mutum.
A lokacin 1929-1935. Erich Fromm ya kasance cikin bincike da rarraba abubuwan da ya lura. A lokaci guda, ya rubuta ayyukansa na farko, wanda ya yi magana game da hanyoyi da ayyukan ilimin halin dan Adam.
A cikin 1933, lokacin da 'yan gurguzu suka hau mulki, karkashin jagorancin Adolf Hitler, aka tilasta wa Erich tserewa zuwa Switzerland. Bayan shekara guda, ya yanke shawarar barin Amurka.
Da zarar ya isa Amurka, mutumin ya koyar da ilimin halayyar dan adam da kuma ilimin halayyar dan Adam a Jami’ar Columbia.
Nan da nan bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II (1939-1945), masanin falsafar ya zama wanda ya kafa William White Institute of Psychiatry.
A shekarar 1950, Erich ya tafi zuwa garin Mexico, inda ya koyar a jami'ar kasar mai zaman kanta tsawon shekaru 15. A wannan lokacin a tarihin rayuwarsa, ya wallafa littafin "Lafiya mai kyau", inda ya fito karara ya soki tsarin jari hujja.
Ayyukan masanin halayyar ɗan adam ya kasance babban nasara. Ayyukansa "Kuɓuta daga 'Yanci" ya zama ainihin mai sayarwa mafi kyau. A ciki, marubucin ya yi magana game da canje-canje a cikin hankali da halayyar ɗan adam a cikin yanayin al'adun Yammacin Turai.
Littafin ya kuma mai da hankali ga lokacin gyarawa da ra'ayoyin masana tauhidi - John Calvin da Martin Luther.
A cikin 1947 Fromm ya buga wani abu mai zuwa na "Jirgin Jirgi", wanda ya kira shi "Mutum ne Don Kansa." A cikin wannan aikin, marubucin ya inganta ka'idar keɓe kai ga ɗan adam a duniyar ƙa'idodin Yammacin Turai.
A tsakiyar shekarun 50s, Erich Fromm ya zama mai sha'awar batun alaƙar da ke tsakanin al'umma da mutum. Masanin falsafar ya nemi “sulhunta” akidun akasi na Sigmund Freud da Karl Marx. Na farkon ya tabbatar da cewa mutum yanada banbancin yanayi, yayin da na biyun ya kira mutum da "dabba na zaman jama'a."
Nazarin halayyar mutane daga ɓangarorin zamantakewar rayuwa daban-daban da zama a cikin jihohi daban-daban, Daga ya ga cewa mafi ƙarancin kashi na kashe kansa ya faru a ƙasashe matalauta.
Masanin halayyar dan adam ya bayyana watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, talabijin, tarurruka da sauran al'amuran yau da kullun a matsayin "hanyoyin tserewa" daga rikicewar jijiyoyi, kuma idan irin wadannan "fa'idodin" aka dauke su daga wani mutumin Yammaci har tsawon wata daya, to tare da wani babban mataki na yiwuwar a gano shi da cutar ta neurosis.
A cikin shekarun 60s, an buga wani sabon littafi, The Soul of Man, daga alƙalamin Erich Fromm. A ciki, yayi magana game da yanayin mugunta da bayyanarta.
Marubucin ya ƙarasa da cewa tashin hankali sakamakon son mamaya ne, kuma barazanar ba masu bakin ciki da mahaukata bane kamar talakawan da ke da iko da ƙarfi.
A cikin 70s Fromm ya wallafa aikin "Anatomy of the Human hallakaswa", inda ya tayar da batun yanayin lalata kai na mutum.
Rayuwar mutum
Erich Fromm ya nuna sha'awar matan da suka manyanta, yana mai bayanin hakan ta hanyar rashin ƙaunar uwa a yarinta.
Matar farko ta Jamusawa mai shekaru 26 abokiyar aiki ce Frieda Reichmann, ta girmi ɗayanta shekaru goma. Wannan aure ya yi shekaru 4.
Frida tayi tasirin gaske wajen samuwar mijinta a tarihin rayuwarsa na kimiyya. Koda bayan rabuwar, sun ci gaba da kasancewa da dorewar abokantaka.
Daga nan Erich ya fara zawarcin karen Horn. Abubuwan da suka sani ya faru a cikin Berlin, kuma sun sami ainihin jin daɗi bayan sun koma Amurka.
Karen ta koya masa ka'idar nazarin halayyar dan adam, shi kuma ya taimaka mata wajen koyon abubuwan da suka shafi zamantakewar al'umma. Kuma kodayake alaƙar su ba ta ƙare a cikin aure ba, amma sun taimaki juna a fagen ilimin kimiyya.
Mata ta biyu ga ɗan shekaru 40 daga Fromm ɗan jarida ne Henny Gurland, wanda ya girmi mijinta da shekaru 10. Matar ta kamu da ciwon baya mai tsanani.
Don sauƙaƙa azabar ma'aurata ƙaunatattu, bisa shawarar likitoci, sun koma garin Mexico. Mutuwar Henny a cikin 1952 ta kasance mummunan rauni ga Erich.
A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, Daga ya zama mai sha'awar sufanci da Buddha na Zen.
Bayan lokaci, masanin kimiyya ya sadu da Annis Freeman, wanda ya taimake shi ya tsira daga asarar matar da ta mutu. Sun kasance tare tsawon shekaru 27, har zuwa mutuwar masanin halayyar dan adam.
Mutuwa
A ƙarshen 60s, Erich Fromm ya kamu da ciwon zuciya na farko. Bayan 'yan shekaru, ya koma yankin Switzerland na Muralto, inda ya kammala littafinsa, Don Samun da Zama.
A lokacin 1977-1978. mutumin ya kara shan bugun zuciya 2. Bayan ya rayu kimanin shekaru 2, malamin falsafar ya mutu.
Erich Fromm ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1980 yana da shekara 79.
