Euclid (Euclid) babban masanin kimiyyar Girka ne kuma masanin lissafi. Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan sa ya bayyana dalla-dalla ginshiƙan yanayin sararin samaniya, tsarin sararin samaniya, ƙa'idar lissafi da ka'idar lamba.
1. Fassara daga tsohuwar Girkanci, Εὐκλείδης yana nufin "kyakkyawan ɗaukaka", "lokacin bunƙasa".
2. Akwai karancin bayanai game da rayuwar mutumin. Abin sani kawai sananne ne cewa Euclid ya rayu kuma ya gudanar da ayyukansa na kimiyya a cikin karni na 3. BC e. a cikin Alexandria.
3. Malamin sanannen ilimin lissafi ba karami bane babban masanin falsafa - Plato. Sabili da haka, bisa ga hukunce-hukuncen falsafa, Euclid a dabi'ance ana danganta shi ga Platoists, waɗanda suka ɗauki abubuwa 4 kawai a matsayin manyansu - ƙasa, iska, wuta da ruwa.
4. Idan aka ba da mafi ƙarancin tarihin rayuwa, akwai sigar cewa Euclid ba mutum ɗaya ba ne, amma ƙungiyar masana kimiyya da masana falsafa ne a ƙarƙashin suna ɗaya na ƙarya.
5. A bayanin kula na lissafi Pappa na Alexandria, an lura cewa Euclid, tare da takamaiman ladabi da ladabi, yana iya sauya ra'ayinsa da sauri game da mutum. Amma ga wanda ke sha'awar ilimin lissafi ko zai iya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban wannan ilimin.
6. Mafi shaharan aikin Euclid "Farkon" ya hada da littattafai 13. Daga baya, an ƙara ƙarin 2 a cikin waɗannan rubutun - Gypsicles (200 AD) da Isidore na Miletus (VI karni AD).
7. A cikin tarin ayyukan "Farkon" an samo dukkanin mahimman ka'idoji na lissafi wanda aka sani har yau. A kan waɗannan bayanan, har wa yau, ɗaliban makaranta da ɗalibai suna karatun lissafi kuma har ma akwai kalmar "Euclidean geometry".
8. Akwai geometries 3 gaba ɗaya - Euclid, Lobachevsky, Riemann. Amma shine bambancin tsohon masanin falsafar Girka wanda ake ɗauka na gargajiya.
9. Euclid da kansa ya kirkiro ba kawai dukkanin ka'idojin ba, har ma da mahimmin bayani. Thearshen sun tsira ba canzawa kuma ana amfani dasu har zuwa yau, duk banda ɗaya - game da layi ɗaya.
10. A cikin rubuce-rubucen Euclid, komai yana ƙarƙashin sarari kuma mai ma'ana, tsari. Wannan salon gabatarwa ne wanda har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa misali na rubutun lissafi (kuma ba kawai) ba.
11. Masana tarihin larabawa sun baiwa Euclid kirkirar wasu karin ayyuka - akan kimiyyan gani, kide-kide, ilmin taurari, makanikai. Mafi shahararrun sune "Rabin Canon", "Harmonica", da kuma aiki akan nauyi da takamaiman nauyi.
12. Duk tsoffin masana falsafa na Girka da masana lissafi da suka biyo baya sun kirkiro ayyukansu bisa ayyukan Euclid kuma sun bar tsokaci da rubuce rubuce akan tsoffin magabata. Mafi shahara sune Pappus, Archimedes, Apollonius, Heron, Porfiry, Proclus, Simplicius.
13. Quadrivium - kwarangwal na dukkan kimiyyar lissafi bisa koyarwar Pythagoreans da Platonists, an dauke shi a matsayin matakin farko na karatun falsafa. Babban ilimin kimiyyar da ya kunshi quadrivium sune lissafi, kiɗa, lissafi, ilmin taurari.
14. Dukkanin kiɗa a lokacin Euclid an rubuta shi kwatankwacin gwargwadon lissafin lissafi da cikakken sauti na sauti.
15. Euclid na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban shahararren laburaren - Alexandria. A wancan lokacin, laburaren ba wai kawai matattarar littattafai ba ne, har ma yana aiki a matsayin cibiyar kimiyya.
16. ofaya daga cikin shahararrun labarai masu ban sha'awa da ya shahara dangane da sha'awar Tsar Ptolemy I don mallake tsarin ilimin lissafi daga ayyukan Euclid. Yana da wahala ya koya wannan ilimin, amma lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da hanyoyin sauƙin fahimta, shahararren masanin ya amsa "Babu hanyoyin sarauta a cikin ilimin lissafi".
17. Wani (latinized) taken shahararren aikin Euclid "Farkon" - "Abubuwa".
18. Irin waɗannan ayyukan wannan tsohuwar lissafin lissafin Girkanci kamar "A kan rarrabuwar adadi" (an adana wani ɓangare), "Bayanai", "Phenomena" sanannu ne kuma ana ci gaba da nazarin su.
19. Dangane da kwatancin wasu masanan lissafi da masana falsafa, wasu daga cikin ma'anar Euclid sanannu ne daga ayyukansa "sassan Conical", "Porisms", "Pseudaria"
20. Fassarar farko ta Abubuwa anyi su ne a karni na 11. ta Armeniya masana kimiyya. Littattafan wannan aikin an fassara su zuwa cikin Rasha ne kawai a cikin ƙarni na 18.
