Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky (ainihin suna Alekseev; 1863-1938) - Daraktan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha, dan wasan kwaikwayo, malami, masanin kimiyya, mai kawo canji da kuma darektan wasan kwaikwayo. Wanda ya kafa sanannen tsarin wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya shahara sosai a duk duniya fiye da ƙarni ɗaya. Mawallafin Farko na USSR (1936).
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Stanislavsky, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Konstantin Stanislavsky.
Tarihin rayuwar Stanislavsky
An haifi Konstantin Alekseev (Stanislavsky) a ranar 5 ga Janairu (17), 1863 a Moscow. Ya girma a cikin babban iyali masu arziki.
Mahaifinsa, Sergei Alekseevich, attajiri ne masanin masana'antu. Uwa, Elizaveta Vasilievna, ta kasance tana kula da yara. Konstantin yana da 'yan'uwa maza da mata 9.
Yara da samari
Iyayen Stanislavsky suna da gida kusa da Red Gate. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce babu wani danginsa, ban da wata tsohuwarsa, da ke da alaƙa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
Kakar Constantine ta wajen uwa, Marie Varley, ta yi rawar gani a baya a matsayin yar wasan kwaikwayo a filin Paris.
Daya daga cikin kakannin Stanislavsky shine mamallakin masana'antar gimp, dayan kuma hamshakin dan kasuwa ne. Bayan lokaci, kasuwancin iyali ya ƙare a hannun Uba Constantine.
Iyaye sun yi ƙoƙari su ba yaransu mafi kyawun tarbiyya da ilimi. An koya wa yara kiɗa, rawa, harsunan waje, wasan zorro, sannan kuma sun sanya sha'awar littattafai.
Iyalin Alekseev harma suna da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gida wanda abokai da dangi ke yi. Daga baya, a cikin yankin Lyubimovka, dangin sun gina reshe na wasan kwaikwayo, wanda daga baya aka sanya masa suna "Alekseyevsky da'irar".
Lokacin da Konstantin Stanislavsky bai wuce shekaru 4 da haihuwa ba, ya fara wasa a karon farko a daya daga cikin wasannin kwaikwayon dangi. Kuma duk da cewa yaron yaro ne mai rauni, amma ya nuna kwazo a fagen wasan kwaikwayo.
Iyaye sun ƙarfafa ɗansu ya shiga irin waɗannan masana'antar, amma a nan gaba suna ganinsa kawai a matsayin darektan masana'antar ɗinki.
Bayan da ya sami karatun firamare, Konstantin ya zama dalibi a dakin motsa jiki a Cibiyar Harsunan Gabas, inda ya yi karatu a lokacin tarihin rayuwarsa ta 1878-1881.
Bayan kammala karatun, Stanislavsky ya fara aiki a kamfanin dangi, sannan kuma ya shiga cikin "da'irar Alekseevsky". Ba wai kawai ya yi wasan kwaikwayo bane, amma har da wasan kwaikwayo.
Bugu da kari, Konstantin ya dauki darasi na filastik da muryar daga manyan malamai.
Duk da tsananin kaunar sa ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Stanislavsky ya mai da hankali sosai ga kasuwanci. Bayan ya zama darektan masana'anta, ya yi tafiya zuwa ƙetare don samun ƙwarewa da haɓaka haɓakar masana'antar.
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow da shugabanci
A cikin 1888 Stanislavsky, tare da Komissarzhevsky da Sologub, suka kafa Societyungiyar Fasaha da Adabi ta Moscow, wacce aka tsara ta da kanta.
A tsawon shekaru 10 na ayyukan al'umma, Konstantin Sergeevich ya kirkiro haruffa da yawa wadanda ba za a manta da su ba, suna shiga cikin ayyukan "The Arrogant", "Dowry" da "The Fruits of Enlightenment".
Gwanin aikin Stanislavsky a bayyane yake ga duka masu kallo da masu sukar gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
Daga 1891 Konstantin Stanislavsky, ban da yin wasan kwaikwayo, ya karɓi jagoranci. A wancan lokacin a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, ya yi wasanni da yawa, ciki har da Othello, Mafi yawan Ado Game da Komai, Bayahude ɗan Poland, Daren Sha biyu da sauransu.
A cikin 1898 Stanislavsky ya sadu da Nemirovich-Danchenko. Awanni 18, masanan wasan kwaikwayo suka tattauna yiwuwar buɗe Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow.
Castan wasa na farko na shahararrun ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Moscow ya ƙunshi ɗalibai na mashawarta da masu sauraro na Moscow Philharmonic.
Wasan kwaikwayo na farko, wanda aka shirya a cikin sabon wasan kwaikwayo, shine Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich. Koyaya, The Seagull, gwargwadon wasan kwaikwayon na Anton Chekhov, ya zama ainihin abin mamakin duniya a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, daga baya silikin silikin teku zai zama alama ta gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
Bayan wannan, Stanislavsky da abokan aikinsa sun ci gaba da ba da haɗin kai ga Chekhov. A sakamakon haka, an gabatar da irin wadannan wasannin kwaikwayon kamar su "Uncle Vanya", "Sisters Three" da "The Cherry Orchard" a kan fage.
Konstantin Stanislavsky ya ba da lokaci mai yawa don jagorantar, ilimantar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, ka'idoji da ingantaccen tsarin nasa. Dangane da tsarin Stanislavsky, kowane mai zane ya zamar masa dole ya saba da rawar, kuma ba wai kawai ya bayyana rayuwa da jin daɗin gwarzon nasa ba.
A shekarar 1912 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow Art Theater, darektan ya fara koyar da dalibai dabarun yin wasan kwaikwayo. Shekaru shida bayan haka, ya kafa gidan wasan opera a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi.
A farkon 20s, Konstantin Sergeevich tare da masu zane-zane na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow sun tafi rangadi zuwa Amurka. A lokaci guda, ya yi aiki a kan ƙirƙirar aikinsa na farko "Rayuwata a Cikin Fasaha", inda ya bayyana tsarin kansa.
Bayan Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba na 1917, manyan canje-canje sun faru a Rasha. Koyaya, Stanislavsky ya ci gaba da jin daɗin girmamawa sosai tsakanin wakilan sabon shugabancin ƙasar.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa Joseph Stalin da kansa ya maimaita ziyartar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow, yana zaune a cikin akwatin tare da Stanislavsky.
Rayuwar mutum
Matar Konstantin Stanislavsky ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Maria Lilina. Ma'auratan sun rayu tare har zuwa mutuwar babban daraktan.
An haifi yara uku a cikin wannan auren. 'Yata Xenia ta mutu sakamakon cutar huhu a lokacin yarinta. Daughteriya ta biyu, Kira Alekseeva, a nan gaba ta zama shugabar gidan kayan tarihin mahaifinta.
Childa na uku, ɗan Igor, ya auri jikar Leo Tolstoy. Ya kamata a lura cewa Stanislavsky shima yana da ɗa mara ɗa daga wata 'yar baƙauye Avdotya Kopylova.
Yaron ya tashi daga mahaifin maigidan Sergei Alekseev, wato, kakansa. A sakamakon haka, ya sami sunan uba da sunan uba na kakansa, ya zama Vladimir Sergeevich Sergeev.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce a nan gaba Vladimir Sergeev zai zama sanannen masanin tarihin tsufa, farfesa a Jami'ar Jihar ta Moscow da kuma Kyautar Kyautar Stalin.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1928, a yammacin ranar tunawa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow, Stanislavsky, wanda ke wasa a kan mataki, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya. Bayan haka, likitoci sun hana shi har abada don zuwa matakin.
Dangane da wannan, bayan shekara guda, Konstantin Stanislavsky ya fara jagorantar da ayyukan koyarwa.
A cikin 1938, darektan ya sake fitar da wani littafi, Ayyukan Actor a Kansa, wanda aka buga bayan mutuwar marubucin.
Kimanin shekaru 10, mutumin ya yi fama da cutar kuma ya kirkira duk da ciwo. Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1938 a Moscow.
Yau tsarin Stanislavsky ya shahara sosai a duk duniya. Manyan shahararrun 'yan fim, gami da taurarin Hollywood, an horar da su a fagen wasan kwaikwayo.
Hotunan Stanislavsky
