Aurelius Augustine Ipponian, kuma aka sani da Albarka Augustine - Masanin ilimin tauhidi da Falsafa, fitaccen mai wa’azi, bishop na Hippo kuma daya daga cikin Iyayen Cocin Kirista. Waliyi ne a cocin Katolika, na Orthodox da na Lutheran.
A cikin tarihin rayuwar Aurelius Augustine, akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa da suka shafi tiyoloji da falsafa.
Don haka, ga takaitaccen tarihin rayuwar Augustine.
Tarihin rayuwar Aurelius Augustine
An haifi Aurelius Augustine a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 354 a cikin ƙaramin garin Tagast (Daular Rome).
Ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin dangin jami'in Patricia, wanda ya kasance karamin mai ƙasa. Abin mamaki, mahaifin Augustine arna ne, yayin da mahaifiyarsa, Monica, Kirista ce mai ibada.
Mama ta yi duk mai yiwuwa don cusa wa ɗanta Kiristanci, tare da ba shi ilimi mai kyau. Ta kasance mace mai kyawawan halaye, mai kwazo don rayuwa madaidaiciya.
Wataƙila saboda wannan ne mijinta Patricius, jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa, ya musulunta kuma ya yi baftisma. Baya ga Aurelius, an haifi wasu yara biyu a wannan dangin.
Yara da samari
Yayinda yake matashi, Aurelius Augustine yana son adabin Latin. Bayan kammala karatunsa a wata karamar makarantar, ya tafi Madavra don ci gaba da karatu.
A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, Augustine ya karanta shahararren "Aeneid" na Virgil.
Ba da daɗewa ba, godiya ga Romanin, aboki na dangi, ya sami damar tafiya zuwa Carthage, inda ya yi nazarin fasahar magana cikin shekaru 3.
Aurelius Augustine yana ɗan shekara 17 ya fara kula da wata yarinya. Ba da daɗewa ba suka fara zama tare, amma ba a yi rajistar aurensu a hukumance ba.
Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yarinyar ta kasance daga karamar aji, don haka ba ta tsammanin zata zama matar Augustine. Duk da haka, ma'auratan sun zauna tare tsawon shekaru 13. A cikin wannan ƙungiyar, sun sami ɗa Adeodat.
Falsafa da kere-kere
A tsawon shekarun tarihinsa, Aurelius Augustine ya buga littattafai da yawa inda ya bayyana ra'ayinsu na falsafa da fassarar koyarwar Kirista daban-daban.
Manyan ayyukan Augustine sune "Ikirari" da "A Garin Allah". Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, falsafancin ya zo kiristanci ne ta hanyar Manichaeism, shubuhohi da sabon-Platonism.
Koyarwar game da Faduwa da alherin Allah sun burge Aurelius sosai. Ya kare akidar kaddara, yana mai cewa tun asali Allah ya kaddara wa mutum ni'ima ko la'ana. Koyaya, Mahalicci yayi shi bisa ga hangen nesa na 'yancin ɗan adam na zaɓi.
A cewar Augustine, duk duniya abin da Allah ya halitta ne, gami da mutum. A cikin ayyukansa, mai tunani ya bayyana manyan manufofi da hanyoyin ceto daga sharri, wanda ya sanya shi ɗaya daga cikin haziƙan wakilan patristism.
Aurelius Augustine ya mai da hankali sosai ga tsarin jihar, yana tabbatar da fifikon tsarin mulki a kan ikon duniya.
Har ila yau, mutumin ya rarraba yaƙe-yaƙe zuwa adalci da rashin adalci. A sakamakon haka, marubutan tarihin Augustine sun rarrabe manyan matakai uku na aikinsa:
- Ayyukan falsafa.
- Addini da koyarwar coci.
- Tambayoyi game da asalin duniya da matsalolin ilimin ƙira.
Tunani game da lokaci, Augustine ya yanke hukuncin cewa abubuwan da suka gabata ko masu zuwa nan gaba basu da ainihin rayuwa, amma yanzu ne kawai. Ana nuna wannan a cikin masu zuwa:
- abubuwan da suka gabata kawai ƙwaƙwalwa ne;
- yanzu ba komai bane face tunani;
- gaba fata ne ko fata.
Masanin falsafar yana da tasiri mai karfi a bangaren akidar Kiristanci. Ya haɓaka koyarwar Triniti, wanda Ruhu Mai Tsarki ke aiki a matsayin tushen haɗin kai tsakanin Uba da ,a, wanda ke cikin tsarin koyarwar Katolika kuma ya saɓa da ilimin tauhidin Orthodox.
Shekarun da suka gabata da mutuwa
Aurelius Augustine ya yi baftisma a 387 tare da ɗansa Adeodatus. Bayan wannan, ya sayar da dukiyarsa, ya rarraba wa matalauta.
Ba da daɗewa ba Augustine ya dawo Afirka, inda ya kafa wata ƙungiya mai zuhudu. Sannan mai zurfin tunani ya sami daukaka zuwa shugabanci, daga baya kuma ya zama bishop. A cewar wasu kafofin, wannan ya faru a cikin 395.
Aurelius Augustine ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Agusta, 430 yana da shekara 75. Ya mutu a lokacinda aka mamaye garin Hippo.
Bayan haka, ragowar St. Augustine sarkin Lombards mai suna Liutprand ya saya, wanda ya ba da umarnin binne su a cocin St. Bitrus.
Hoto daga Aurelius Augustine
