Kliment Efremovich Voroshilov ma Klim Voroshilov (1881-1969) - Juyin juya halin Rashan, sojan Soviet, shugaban ƙasa kuma shugaban jam’iyya, Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet. Jarumi sau biyu na Tarayyar Soviet.
Mai rikodin rikodin tsawon lokacin da ya yi a cikin siyasa na Babban Kwamitin CPSU (b) da Shugabancin Kwamitin Tsakiya na CPSU - shekaru 34.5.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Kliment Voroshilov, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Voroshilov.
Tarihin rayuwar Kliment Voroshilov
An haifi Kliment Voroshilov a ranar 23 ga Janairu (4 ga Fabrairu), 1881 a ƙauyen Verkhnee (yanzu yankin Lugansk). Ya girma kuma ya tashi cikin talauci. Mahaifinsa, Efrem Andreevich, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai waƙa, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Maria Vasilievna, ta yi wasu ayyukan ƙazanta.
Dan siyasa na gaba shine dan na uku na iyayensa. Tunda dangin suna rayuwa cikin matsanancin talauci, Clement ya fara aiki tun yana yaro. Lokacin da yake kusan shekaru 7 yayi aiki a matsayin makiyayi.
Bayan 'yan shekaru kaɗan, Voroshilov ya tafi ma'adinai a matsayin mai tattara pyrite. A tsawon tarihin rayuwarsa 1893-1895, ya yi karatu a makarantar zemstvo, inda ya yi karatun firamare.
Tun yana ɗan shekara 15, Clement ya sami aiki a masana'antar sarrafa ƙarfe. Bayan shekaru 7, saurayin ya zama ma'aikacin kamfanin jigilar kaya a Lugansk. A lokacin, ya riga ya zama memba na Socialungiyar Social Democratic Labour ta Rasha, yana nuna sha'awar siyasa sosai.
A cikin 1904 Voroshilov ya shiga cikin Bolsheviks, ya zama memba na Kwamitin Lugansk Bolshevik. Bayan 'yan watanni, an ba shi amintaccen shugaban ƙungiyar Luhansk Soviet. Ya jagoranci yajin aikin ma'aikatan Rasha da shirya kungiyoyin fada.
Ayyuka
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na tarihin rayuwarsa, Kliment Voroshilov ya tsunduma cikin ayyukan cikin ƙasa, sakamakon haka ya sha shiga gidan yari akai-akai kuma ya yi hijira.
Yayin daya daga cikin kamun da aka yi, an yiwa mutumin mummunan duka kuma ya sami mummunan rauni a kansa. A sakamakon haka, yana jin sautuka na wani lokaci, kuma a karshen rayuwarsa ya kasance kurma. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa yana da suna mai suna "Volodin".
A cikin 1906 Clement ya sadu da Lenin da Stalin, kuma a shekara mai zuwa an tura shi hijira zuwa lardin Arkhangelsk. A watan Disamba 1907 ya sami damar tserewa, amma bayan wasu shekaru sai aka sake kama shi kuma aka aika shi zuwa lardin guda.
A cikin 1912 an sake Voroshilov, amma har yanzu yana cikin sa ido na sirri. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko (1914-1918), ya sami damar guje wa sojoji kuma ya ci gaba da shiga cikin farfagandar Bolshevism.
A lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba na 1917, an nada Kliment a matsayin kwamiti na Kwamitin Juyin Juya Halin Soja na Petrograd. Tare da Felix Dzerzhinsky, ya kafa Hukumar -wararren Russianasar Rasha (VChK). Daga baya an ba shi amana mai muhimmanci na memba na Majalisar Soja ta Juyin Juya Hali na Caungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta Farko.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana kiran Voroshilov ɗayan jigo a cikin juyin juya halin. A lokaci guda, bisa ra'ayin wasu marubutan tarihinsa, bai mallaki baiwa ta shugaban sojoji ba. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin mutanen zamanin suna jayayya cewa mutumin ya yi rashin nasara a manyan yaƙe-yaƙe.
Duk da wannan, Kliment Efremovich ya sami damar shugabantar sashen soja na kusan shekaru 15, wanda babu wani daga cikin abokan aikin sa da zai yi alfahari da shi. A bayyane yake, ya sami nasarar samun wannan babban matsayi saboda ikon aiki a cikin ƙungiyar, wanda ba safai ba a wancan lokacin.
Daidai ne a ce a duk tsawon rayuwarsa Voroshilov yana da halaye na yau da kullun game da sukar kansa kuma ba a rarrabe shi da buri, wanda ba za a iya faɗi game da membobin ƙungiyar sa ba. Wataƙila shi ya sa ya ja hankalin mutane kuma ya tayar musu da hankali.
A farkon 1920s, mai neman sauyi ya jagoranci sojojin na arewacin Caucasian gundumar, sannan ta Moscow, sannan bayan mutuwar Frunze, ya shugabanci dukkanin sashin soja na USSR. A lokacin Babban Ta'addancin, wanda ya fara a 1937-1938, Kliment Voroshilov yana cikin waɗanda suka yi la'akari da sanya hannu kan jerin sunayen mutanen da aka danne.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce sa hannun shugaban sojoji yana kan jerin sunayen 185, bisa ga abin da sama da mutane 18,000 aka danne. Bugu da kari, a kan umurninsa, an yanke wa daruruwan kwamandojin Red Army hukuncin kisa.
A wannan lokacin, tarihin Voroshilov an ba shi taken Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet. Ya kasance sananne ne ta hanyar ba da himma ta musamman ga Stalin, yana tallafawa duk ra'ayoyin sa sosai.
Abun sha'awa ne har ya zama marubucin littafin "Stalin da Red Army", a shafukansa ya yabi duk nasarorin da Shugaban Al'umma ya samu.
A lokaci guda, rashin jituwa duk da haka ya faru tsakanin Clement Efremovich da Joseph Vissarionovich. Misali, game da siyasa a China da halayen Leon Trotsky. Kuma bayan ƙarshen yaƙin tare da Finland a cikin 1940, inda Tarayyar Soviet ta sami nasara a farashi mai tsada, Stalin ya ba da umarnin cire Voroshilov gaba ɗaya daga mukamin Kwamishinan Tsaro na Jama'a kuma ya umurce shi da ya jagoranci masana'antar tsaro.
A lokacin Babban Yaƙin Patasa (1941-1945) Clement ya nuna kansa jarumi ne kuma jajirtaccen jarumi. Shi da kansa ya jagoranci Sojojin ruwa cikin faɗa hannu-da-hannu. Koyaya, saboda ƙwarewa da ƙarancin baiwa na kwamandan, ya rasa amincin Stalin, wanda ke tsananin buƙatar kayan ɗan adam.
Voroshilov ya kasance amintacce daga lokaci zuwa lokaci yana ba da umarnin gabatar da fuskoki daban-daban, amma an cire duk mukamai kuma an maye gurbinsu da manyan kwamandoji masu nasara, gami da Georgy Zhukov. A ƙarshen 1944, daga ƙarshe aka cire shi daga Kwamitin Tsaro na Jiha.
A karshen yakin, Kliment Efremovich yayi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin kula da kawancen a Hungary, wanda manufar sa shine tsara da kuma sanya ido kan aiwatar da ka'idojin aikin soja.
Daga baya, mutumin ya kasance shekaru da yawa mataimakin shugaban majalisar ministocin USSR, sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Presidium na Soviet Soviet.
Rayuwar mutum
Voroshilov ya sadu da matarsa, Golda Gorbman, a cikin 1909 lokacin da yake gudun hijira a Nyrob. A matsayinta na Bayahude, yarinyar ta koma addinin Orthodoxy kafin bikin auren, ta canza sunanta zuwa Catherine. Wannan aikin ya fusata iyayenta, wadanda suka daina sadarwa da 'yarsu.
Wannan aure ya zama ba shi da ɗa, tunda Golda ba ta iya haihuwa. A sakamakon haka, ma'auratan sun karɓi yaron Peter, kuma bayan mutuwar Mikhail Frunze sun ɗauki yaransa - Timur da Tatiana.
Af, Leonid Nesterenko, farfesa a Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kharkov, ɗan tsohon aboki na Kliment's, shi ma ya kira kansa ɗan da aka ɗauke shi na Commissar Jama'a.
Tare, ma'auratan sun rayu cikin farin ciki kusan rabin karni, har zuwa mutuwar Golda daga cutar kansa a cikin 1959. Voroshilov ya yi rashin matarsa sosai. A cewar masu tarihin rayuwa, mutumin bai taba yin mata ba, saboda yana son sauran rabin nasa a sume.
Dan siyasar ya mai da hankali sosai kan wasanni. Ya yi iyo sosai, ya yi wasan motsa jiki, kuma yana son wasan tsere kan kankara. Abin sha'awa, Voroshilov shine dan haya na karshe na Kremlin.
Mutuwa
Shekara guda kafin rasuwarsa, an ba wa shugaban sojoji taken Jarumin Tarayyar Soviet a karo na biyu. Kliment Voroshilov ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Disamba, 1969 yana da shekaru 88.
Hoto daga Kliment Voroshilov
