Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev (Chepaev; 1887-1919) - dan takara a yakin duniya na farko da yakin basasa, shugaban kungiyar Red Army.
Godiya ga littafin da Dmitry Furmanov "Chapaev" da fim iri ɗaya da brothersan uwan Vasiliev suka yi, da kuma abubuwan almara da yawa, ya kasance kuma ya kasance ɗayan mashahuran tarihi na zamanin Yakin Basasa a Rasha.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Chapaev, wanda za mu fada a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Vasily Chapaev.
Tarihin rayuwar Chapaev
An haifi Vasily Chapaev a ranar 28 ga Janairu (9 ga Fabrairu), 1887 a ƙauyen Budaike (lardin Kazan). Ya girma a cikin baƙauye dangin masassaƙin Ivan Stepanovich. Shi ne na uku cikin yara 9 ga iyayensa, hudu daga cikinsu sun mutu tun suna ƙuruciya.
Lokacin da Vasily yake kimanin shekara 10, shi da danginsa suka koma lardin Samara, wanda ya shahara da cinikin hatsi. Anan ya fara halartar makarantar parish, wanda ya halarta kimanin shekaru 3.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa Chapaev Sr. da gangan ya fitar da dansa daga wannan makarantar saboda mummunan lamarin. A cikin hunturu na 1901, Vasily an saka shi a cikin ɗakin azaba saboda ƙeta horo, ya bar shi ba tare da tufafin waje ba. Yaron da ya firgita yayi tunanin cewa zai iya daskarewa idan malamai sun manta da shi kwatsam.
Sakamakon haka, Vasily Chapaev ya fasa taga ya yi tsalle daga babban tsayi. Ya kawai sami damar tsira ne saboda kasancewar dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi, wanda ya tausasa faɗuwarsa. Lokacin da ya isa gida, yaron ya gaya wa iyayensa komai kuma ya yi rashin lafiya fiye da wata ɗaya.
Bayan lokaci, mahaifin ya fara koya wa ɗansa sana’ar kafinta. Daga nan sai aka sanya saurayin zuwa aiki, amma bayan watanni shida sai aka sallame shi saboda ƙaya a ido. Daga baya, ya bude bita domin gyara kayan aikin gona.
Aikin soja
Bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Farko (1914-1918), an sake kiran Chapaev don aiki, wanda ya yi aiki a rundunar soja. A cikin shekarun yakin, ya tafi daga karamin jami'in da ba a ba shi mukamin ba zuwa sajan-manjo, yana mai nuna kansa jarumi jarumi.
Don ayyukansa, Vasily Chapaev an ba shi lambar yabo ta St. George da kuma giciyen St. George na digiri na 4, 3, 2 da 1. Ya halarci shahararren nasarar Brusilov da kewaye da Przemysl. Sojan ya sami raunuka da yawa, amma duk lokacin da ya koma bakin aiki.
Yakin basasa
Dangane da fasalin da aka yada, rawar Chapaev a yakin basasa ya wuce gona da iri. Ya sami duk-shaharar Russia saboda littafin Dmitry Furmanov, wanda ya yi aiki a ɓangaren Vasily Ivanovich a matsayin kwamishina, har ma da fim ɗin "Chapaev".
Koyaya, haƙiƙa an bambanta kwamandan ta ƙarfin zuciya da ƙarfin hali, saboda abin da ya sami iko a tsakanin waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin sa. RSDLP (b), wanda ya shiga a cikin 1917, ba shine farkon ƙungiya ba a tarihin rayuwar Chapaev. Kafin wannan, ya sami nasarar hada kai da 'yan gurguzu da masu ra'ayin gurguzu.
Kasancewa cikin Bolsheviks, Vasily ya sami damar haɓaka aikin soja da sauri. A farkon 1918, ya jagoranci watsewar Nikolaev zemstvo. Kari kan haka, ya yi nasarar murkushe tarzomar da ke adawa da Soviet da kirkirar gundumar Red Guard. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya sake tsara abubuwan da ke cikin ƙungiyar ta Red Army.
Lokacin da aka kifar da mulkin Soviet a Samara a watan Yunin 1918, wannan ya haifar da ɓarkewar Yaƙin Basasa. A watan Yuli, Farar Czech sun mamaye Ufa, Bugulma da Syzran. A karshen watan Agusta, kungiyar Red Army karkashin jagorancin Chapaev ta sake kwace Nikolaevsk daga Farar fata.
A lokacin hunturu na shekara mai zuwa, Vasily Ivanovich ya tafi Moscow, inda ya ke "inganta cancantar sa" a makarantar sojoji. Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba mutumin ya tsere daga wurinta, saboda ba ya son ɓata lokaci a teburinsa.
Da ya dawo gaban, ya tashi zuwa mukamin kwamandan runduna ta 25, wanda ya yi fada da sojojin Kolchak. Yayin yakin Ufa, Chapaev ya sami rauni a kansa. Daga baya aka bashi lambar girmamawa ta Red Banner.
Rayuwar mutum
A cikin aikin nasa, Furmanov ya bayyana Vasily Chapaev a matsayin mutum mai kyawawan hannaye, fuska mai haske da shuɗi-shuɗi idanu. A cikin rayuwarsa ta sirri, mutumin ya ci nasara sosai fiye da na gaba.
A cikin shekaru na tarihin kansa, Chapaev ya yi aure sau biyu. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cewa ana kiran matan biyu Pelagey. A lokaci guda, ɗayan da yarinyar ta biyu ba za su iya kasancewa masu aminci ga kwamandan rukunin ba.
Matar farko, Pelageya Metlina, ta bar mijinta ga wani ma'aikacin jirgin tarak din Saratov, na biyun kuma, Pelageya Kamishkertseva, ta yaudare shi tare da shugaban ma'ajin amon.
Daga farkon aurensa, Vasily Chapaev yana da 'ya'ya uku: Alexander, Arkady da Claudia. Abin lura ne cewa shima mutumin bai kasance mai aminci ga matansa ba. A wani lokacin ya yi lalata da 'yar wani babban soja Kanar.
Bayan haka, jami'in ya ƙaunaci matar Furmanov, Anna Steshenko. A saboda wannan dalili, rikice-rikice galibi yakan faru tsakanin Red Army. Lokacin da Joseph Stalin ya buƙaci ya bambanta fim ɗin "Chapaev" tare da layin soyayya, Steshenko, kasancewarta abokiyar haɗin rubutun, ta ba da mace ɗaya tilo sunan ta.
Wannan shine yadda shahararren maharbin mashin din Anka ya bayyana. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce Petka hoto ne na haɗaɗɗu na abokan aiki 3 a hannun kwamandan rukunin: Kamishkertsev, Kosykh da Isaev.
Mutuwa
Dayawa har yanzu suna da imani cewa Chapaev ya nitse a Kogin Ural, bayan da ya sami mummunan rauni kafin hakan. Wannan ya faru ne saboda irin wannan mutuwar da aka nuna a fim din. Koyaya, gawar babban kwamandan ba a binne ta cikin ruwa ba, amma a ƙasa.
Don ramuwar gayya akan Vasily Ivanovich, White Guard Kanar Borodin ya shirya ƙungiyar soja ta musamman. A watan Satumbar shekarar 1919, fararen fata sun kai hari a garin Lbischensk, inda aka gwabza kazamin fada. A wannan yakin, an yiwa sojan Red Army rauni a hannu da ciki.
Abokan aiki suka kwashe Chapaev da suka ji rauni zuwa wancan hayin kogin. Koyaya, a lokacin ya riga ya mutu. Vasily Chapaev ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 1919 yana da shekara 32. Dalilin mutuwarsa babbar asara ce ta jini.
Abokai a cikin makamai sun haƙa kabari a cikin yashi da hannayensu kuma sun ɓoye shi daga abokan gaba da ciyayi. Tun daga yau, wurin binne mutumin da ake zargi ya cika da ruwa, saboda canjin tashar Urals.
Hotunan Chapaev
