Daga cikin kyaututtukan Nobel guda biyar da aka amince da su a farko (a fannin ilimin kimiya, kimiyyar lissafi, magani, adabi da kuma zaman lafiya), kyautar kimiyyar lissafi ce wacce ake bayarwa bisa ka'idoji masu tsauri kuma tana da iko mafi girma a masana'anta. Cewa akwai kawai dakatar da shekaru 20 akan bayar da kyauta don takamaiman abin da aka gano - dole ne a gwada shi da lokaci. Masana kimiyyar lissafi na cikin babban hadari - yanzu ba sa yin bincike tun suna karami, kuma dan takarar na iya mutuwa sosai a cikin shekaru 20 bayan gano shi.
Zhores Ivanovich Alferov ya sami lambar yabo a 2000 don haɓaka sashin ilimin kimiyya don amfani da optoelectronics. Alferov ya fara samun irin wannan kwalejin ne a tsakiyar shekarun 1970, saboda haka malaman Sweden wadanda suka zabi wadanda suka ci kyautar har ma sun zarce "mulkin shekaru 20".
A lokacin da aka bayar da kyautar Nobel, Zhores Ivanovich tuni ya mallaki dukkan lambobin yabo na kasa da masanin kimiyya zai iya samu. Kyautar Nobel ba ƙarshen ba ce, amma rawanin ƙwarewar aikinsa. An bayar da cikakkun bayanai masu mahimmanci game da shi a ƙasa:
1. An haifi Zhores Alferov a cikin 1930 a Belarus. Mahaifinsa babban shugaban Soviet ne, don haka dangin suna ƙaura koyaushe. Tun kafin Babban Yaƙin rioasa, Alferovs sun sami damar zama a Novosibirsk, Barnaul da Stalingrad.
2. Sunan da ba a saba da shi ba sanannen abu ne a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930. Iyaye sukan sanyawa ‘ya‘ yan su sunayen shahararrun masu juyi na da har ma da na yanzu. Ana kiran ɗan’uwa Zhores da sunan Marx.
3. A lokacin yakin, Marks Alferov ya mutu a gaba, kuma dangin suna zaune a yankin Sverdlovsk. Can Zhores ya gama aji 8. Sannan aka mayar da mahaifin zuwa Minsk, inda sauran ɗa tilo da ya rage ya kammala makaranta da girmamawa. Zhores ya sami kabarin ɗan'uwansa ne kawai a cikin 1956.
4. An shigar da wani dalibi kwanan nan zuwa Kwalejin Injin Injin Lantarki na Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute ba tare da bincike ba.
5. Tuni a cikin shekara ta uku, Zhores Alferov ya fara gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu zaman kansu, kuma bayan kammala karatun sai mashahurin Phystech ya dauke shi aiki. Tun daga wannan lokacin, jagorori sun zama babban batun aikin mai ba da lambar yabo ta Nobel a nan gaba.
6. Babbar nasarar farko ta Alferov ita ce ci gaban gama gari na transistors. Dangane da kayan aikin shekaru biyar, matashin masanin kimiyyar lissafin ya rubuta digirinsa na uku na digirin digirgir (Ph.D.), kuma kasar ta bashi lambar yabo ta lambar girmamawa.
7. Batun bincike mai zaman kansa, wanda Alferov ya zaba bayan ya kare rubutun nasa, ya zama batun rayuwarsa. Ya yanke shawarar yin aiki a kan yanayin zafi, kodayake a cikin shekarun 1960 an dauke su a matsayin ba da izini a Tarayyar Soviet.
8. A taƙaice, tsarin yanayin rayuwa shine haɗuwa da ƙananan semiconductors guda biyu waɗanda aka haɓaka akan madaidaicin matattara. Wadannan semiconductors da iskar gas din da aka samu tsakanin su suna samarda semiconductor sau uku, wanda za'a iya samarda laser.
9. Alferov da ƙungiyarsa suna aiki akan ra'ayin ƙirƙirar laser heterostructure tun daga 1963, kuma an sami sakamakon da ake so a cikin 1968. An ba da binciken Lenin Prize.
10. Sannan ƙungiyar Alferov ta fara aiki akan masu karɓar hasken haske kuma sun sake samun babban nasara. Majalisun dokokin da ke dauke da tabarau sun yi aiki sosai a cikin kwayoyin hasken rana, hakan ya basu damar daukar kusan dukkanin hasken rana. Wannan mahimmancin (ɗaruruwan ɗari) ya haɓaka ƙimar ƙwayoyin rana.
11. Tsarin da ƙungiyar Alferov ta haɓaka sun sami aikace-aikacen su a cikin samar da ledoji, ƙwayoyin rana, wayoyin hannu da fasahar komputa.
12. Rana masu amfani da hasken rana, wadanda kungiyar Alferov ta kirkiresu, sun kwashe shekaru 15 suna samarwa tashar sararin samaniya ta Mir wutar lantarki.
13. A shekarar 1979 aka zabi masanin a matsayin masani, kuma a cikin 1990s an zabe shi mataimakin shugaban Kwalejin Kimiyya. A shekarar 2013, an zabi shi a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kimiyya, Alferov ya zama na biyu.
14. Tsawon shekaru 16 tun daga 1987, Zhores Alferov ya shugabanci Phystech, inda yayi karatu a can nesa 1950s.
15. Masanin ilimin Alferov ya kasance mataimakin mutane na USSR kuma mataimakin Duma na Jiha na duk tarukan ban da na farko.
16. Zhores Ivanovich cikakken mai riƙe da odar yabo ne na mahaifin ƙasa kuma mai riƙe da ƙarin umarni biyar, haɗe da Order of Lenin, babbar kyauta ta USSR.
17. Daga cikin kyaututtukan da Alferov ya karba, tare da kyautar Nobel, sun hada da na Jiha da na Lenin na Tarayyar Soviet, ta Jiha ta Rasha da kuma kyaututtukan kasashen waje kimanin goma.
18. Masanin kimiyya ya samarda gidauniyar tallafawa matasa masu fasaha.
19. Nobel Prize in Physics za a iya kasa zuwa uku, amma ba daidai ba. Saboda haka, rabin kyautar an ba Ba'amurke Jack Kilby, na biyu kuma an raba shi tsakanin Alferov da masanin kimiyyar lissafi dan kasar Jamus Herbert Kroemer.
20. Girman kyautar Nobel a shekara ta 2000 ya kai dala dubu 900. Shekaru goma bayan haka, Alferov, Kilby da Kroemer zasu raba miliyan 1.5.
21. Masanin Ilimin, Mstislav Keldysh ya rubuta cewa a lokacin da suka ziyarci wani dakin gwaje-gwaje a Amurka, masana kimiyya na gari sun yarda da gaskiya cewa suna maimaita abubuwan da Alferov ya kirkira.
22. Alferov kwararren mai tatsuniya ne, malami ne kuma mai iya magana. Kroemer da Kilby tare sun lallashe shi ya yi magana a wurin liyafa don kyaututtukan - wanda ya lashe kyautar ya yi magana daga wata lambar yabo, kuma Ba'amurke da Bajamushe sun amince da fifikon masanin kimiyyar Rasha.
23. Duk da cewa ya manyanta, Zhores Ivanovich ya jagoranci rayuwa mai matukar aiki. Yana jagorantar jami'o'i, sassan da cibiyoyi a cikin Moscow da St.
24. Dangane da ra'ayoyin siyasa, masanin kimiyya yana kusa da kwaminisanci, amma shi ba memba ne na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ba. Ya sha sukar sauye-sauyen shekarun 1980 da 1990 da kuma haifar da lalacewar al'umma.
25. Zhores Ivanovich ya yi aure a karo na biyu, yana da ɗa, diya, jika da jikoki mata biyu.
