Lewis Carroll (ainihin suna Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, ko Charles Latuage Dodgson; 1832-1898) - Marubucin Ingilishi, masanin lissafi, masani, masanin falsafa, diakon kuma mai daukar hoto.
Samun shahara saboda almara tatsuniyoyi "Alice in Wonderland" da "Alice Ta Ganin Gilashin". Farfesan lissafi a jami'ar Oxford.
Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin Lewis Carroll, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a nan ga ɗan gajeren tarihin Carroll.
Tarihin rayuwar Lewis Carroll
An haifi Lewis Carroll ne a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1832 a ƙauyen Ingilishi na Darsbury. Ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin babban malamin addini. Yana da yaya mata 7 da yaya 3.
Yara da samari
Lewis, tare da 'yan uwansa, sun fara karatun karatu tare da mahaifinsa. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cewa yaron ya kasance hannun hagu.
A cewar wasu majiyoyi, an tilasta shi ya yi rubutu da hannun dama, sakamakon haka ya sami damuwa da hankalin yaron. Akwai sigar da irin wannan horaswar ta haifar da sanadin Carroll. Yana dan shekara 12, ya zama dalibi a wata makaranta mai zaman kanta, amma daga baya ya shiga makarantar Rugby.
Anan Lewis yayi karatun shekaru 4. Ya sami manyan maki a fannoni da yawa. Musamman ya kware a fannin lissafi da tiyoloji. Bayan ya kai shekarun girma, ya sami nasarar cin jarabawar fitacciyar kwaleji a Jami'ar Oxford.
A wannan lokacin tarihinsa, Carroll ya sami maki mara kyau. Koyaya, saboda ƙwarewar ilimin lissafi, ya sami nasarar lashe gasar don bayar da laccoci na lissafi a Cocin Christ.
A sakamakon haka, marubucin nan gaba zaiyi lacca ga shekaru 26 masu zuwa na rayuwarsa. Kuma kodayake bai ji daɗin yin magana da ɗaliban ba, amma laccocin sun kawo masa kyakkyawar riba.
Tun da ilimin tauhidi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin karatun a wancan lokacin, Malami Carroll ya ɗauki matsayin firist. Ba da son yin aiki a cikin Ikklesiya ba, ya yarda ya zama dikon, ya bar aikin firist.
Halittar Alice
Yayinda yake dalibi, Lewis Carroll ya fara rubuta gajerun labarai da wakoki. A lokacin ne ya yanke shawarar buga ayyukansa a qarqashin irin wannan sunan.
A 1856, Kwalejin Christ Church ta sami sabon shugaban makaranta. Ya zama masanin ilimin ɗan adam kuma masanin ƙididdigar rubutu Liddell, wanda ya yi aure kuma yana da yara biyar. Carroll ya zama abokai da wannan iyalin, sakamakon abin da ya fara yawon gidajensu.
Daya daga cikin ‘ya’yan matan da aka aura sunanta Alice, wanda a nan gaba zai zama sanannen sanannen tatsuniyoyi game da Alice. Lewis yana so ya gaya wa yara labarai daban-daban masu ban sha'awa da ya tsara a kan tafiya.
Da zarar, ƙaramin Alice Liddell ya nemi Carroll ta zo da wani labari mai ban sha'awa game da ita da 'yan uwanta mata - Lauren da Edith. Mutumin bai damu da gaya musu wani labari game da abin da ya faru da wata ƙaramar yarinya ba wacce ta je lahira.
Don sanya shi zama mafi ban sha'awa ga yara su saurare shi, Lewis ya sanya babban halayen yayi kama da Alice, yayin da ya baiwa wasu haruffa halaye na sistersan uwanta mata. Lokacin da ya gama labarinsa, sihiri Alice ta bukaci Carroll ya rubuta labarin a takarda.
Daga baya, mutumin ya biya bukatarta, ya ba ta wani rubutu - "Alice's Adventures Underground". Daga baya wannan rubutun zai zama tushen sanannun ayyukansa.
Littattafai
Shahararrun littattafai na duniya - "Alice in Wonderland" da "Alice Ta hanyar Ganin Gilashi", marubucin ya wallafa a lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1865-1871. Salon bayar da labarin Lewis Carroll bai misaltu ba a cikin adabi.
Samun cikakken tunani da hankali, gami da kwarewar iya tunani da lissafi, ya kirkiro salo na musamman na "wallafe-wallafen rikice-rikice". Bai nemi sanya jarumansa su zama marasa ma'ana ba, amma, akasin haka, ya basu wata dabara, wacce aka kawo har zuwa wauta.
A cikin ayyukansa, Carroll ya tabo matsaloli masu yawa na falsafa game da rayuwar ɗan adam da ɗabi'ar sa. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa littattafan sun tayar da sha'awa ba kawai tsakanin yara ba, har ma tsakanin manya.
Labarin Lewis wanda ba a saba da shi ba a cikin sauran ayyukan nasa, gami da The Hunt for a Snark, Tatsuniyoyi da Knot, Abin da Kunkuru ya fada wa Achilles, da sauransu. A cewar wasu masu rubutun tarihin rayuwa, duniyar kirkirar sa tana da haske sosai saboda amfani da opium.
Carroll ya sha sinadarin opium a kai a kai saboda ya sha fama da matsanancin ciwon kai. Dangane da mutanen zamaninsa, ya kasance "mutum mai ban mamaki". Ya kasance mutum mai son zaman jama'a wanda yake halartar al'amuran zaman jama'a daban-daban.
Amma a lokaci guda, Lewis ya yi mafarkin komawa yarinta, inda komai ya fi sauƙi kuma babu buƙatar yin rayuwa biyu, yana jin tsoron faɗi ko yin wani abu ba daidai ba. Dangane da wannan, har ma ya sami rashin barci.
Marubucin ya sadaukar da lokacinsa na kyauta don yin karatu mai yawa. Haƙiƙa ya yi imanin cewa mutum na iya wuce gaskiyar da ya sani. A sakamakon haka, ya yi ɗokin koyo game da wani abu wanda kimiyya ba ta bayarwa a wannan zamanin.
A cikin girma, Carroll ya ziyarci ƙasashen Turai da yawa, gami da Jamus, Belgium, Poland, Faransa da Rasha. Daga baya ya zama marubucin aikin "Littafin tarihin tafiya zuwa Rasha a 1867".
Lissafi
Lewis Carroll ya kasance ƙwararren masanin lissafi, sakamakon abin da ya faru a cikin ayyukansa suna da wahala da bambance-bambancen. A cikin layi daya tare da rubuta almara, ya wallafa ayyuka da yawa a cikin lissafi.
Matsayin masanin ya hada da lissafin Euclidean, algebra, ka'idar yiwuwa, ilimin lissafi, da dai sauransu. Mutane ƙalilan ne suka san gaskiyar cewa ya haɓaka ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin ƙididdigar ƙayyadaddun abubuwa. A lokaci guda, yana da sha'awar warware matsaloli na hankali - "sorites".
Kodayake aikin lissafi na Carroll bai bar wata alama ba a tarihin lissafi, nasarorin da ya samu a fagen ilimin lissafi sun kasance a gaban zamaninsu.
Daukar hoto da dara
Lewis Carroll ya kasance mai sha'awar daukar hoto. Ya ɗauki hotuna a cikin yanayin zane-zane, wanda ke nufin amfani da dabaru na gani da na fasaha waɗanda ke kawo hoto kusa da zane da zane-zane.
Fiye da duka, mutumin yana son ɗaukar littlean mata photographan mata. Baya ga daukar hoto, yana da sha'awar wasan dara, yana bin labarai a duniyar babban dara. Shi da kansa yana son yin wannan wasan, kuma ya koyar da yaranta.
Makircin aikin "Alice Ta Ganin Gilashin" an gina shi ne a wasan dara wanda marubucin da kansa ya ƙirƙira, yayin da ya sanya hoton dara a matsayinsa na farko a farkon littafin.
Rayuwar mutum
Carroll ya ji daɗin kasancewa tare da yara, musamman 'yan mata. Wani lokaci, da izinin uwaye, yakan zana su tsirara ko rabin tsiraici. Shi kansa ya ɗauki abokantakarsa da 'yan mata kwata-kwata ba shi da laifi.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa daga mahangar halaye na wancan lokacin, irin wannan abota bai ba kowa mamaki ba. Koyaya, daga baya yawancin marubutan tarihin Lewis Carroll sun fara zargin shi da lalatawar yara. Duk da haka, babu wanda zai iya bayar da tabbatattun bayanai a cikin kowane irin rashawa.
Bugu da kari, dukkan haruffa da labaran tsararraki, wadanda aka gabatar da lissafi a cikin hanyar lalata, daga baya aka fallasa su. Masana sun yi nasarar tabbatar da cewa fiye da rabin 'yan matan da ya yi musu wasika sun wuce 14, kuma kusan kashi daya cikin hudu sun haura 18.
A tsawon shekarun tarihin rayuwarsa, marubucin bai sami damar gano sauran rabin nasa ba, ya kasance mara aure har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa.
Mutuwa
Lewis Carroll ya mutu a ranar 14 ga Janairun 1898 yana da shekara 65. Dalilin mutuwarsa ciwon huhu ne mai ci gaba.
Hoton Carroll
