Mikhail Zoshchenko (1894 - 1958) yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan marubutan Rasha na ƙarni na 20. Wani mutum wanda ya shiga yakin duniya na farko da yakin basasa kuma ya sami rauni mai tsanani, ya sami nasarar bacin rai da sabon zamanin. Bugu da ƙari, jami'in sojan tsarist ya yarda da canje-canjen da aka yi a cikin ƙasar bayan Babban juyin juya halin Oktoba na Oktoba kuma ya goyi bayan su.
Zoshchenko yayi imanin cewa ana buƙatar sabbin mutane don gina sabuwar ƙasa. A cikin ayyukansa, ya kushe abubuwan da Soviet Soviet ta gada daga Russia Tsarist. Marubucin ya yi jayayya da abokan aiki waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa wajibi ne a ɗage tushen tushen gurguzu, kuma canje-canje a cikin rayukan mutane zai zo da kansu. Ba shi yiwuwa a sauya “akwatunan” don rai, Zoshchenko yayi jayayya a cikin irin waɗannan rikice-rikice tare da abokan aiki.
Zoshchenko ya shiga wallafe-wallafe kuma a matsayin mahaliccin keɓaɓɓen, yare na gabatarwa. Marubutan da suka gabace shi na iya gabatar da yarurruka daban-daban, jargons, argos, da sauransu a cikin labarin, amma Zoshchenko ne kawai ya sami irin wannan ƙwarewar wajen gabatar da jawaban maganganu wanda a wasu lokuta halayensa ke bayyana kansu da jumla ɗaya.
Makomar marubucin ta zama abin bakin ciki. Ba daidai ba da izini daga hukumomin jam'iyyar, suka lalata lafiyarsa, aka tilasta shi ya kama duk wata riba kuma ya yarda da duk wani taimako, maimakon bai wa masu karatu sabbin abubuwan ban mamaki na abin dariya ...
1. Yin hukunci da litattafan rubutun Zoshchenko, rubuta tun yarinta, a shekaru 7 - 8. Da farko ya shagala da waka, kuma a 1907 ya rubuta labarinsa na farko "Coat". Zoshchenko ya fara bugawa bayan juyin juya hali, farawa a 1921. Littattafan rubutun sun ƙunshi labarai da yawa waɗanda aka rubuta a cikin 1914-1915.
2. Daga cikin littattafan rubutu guda ɗaya zaku iya koran cewa Mikhail Zoshchenko an yanke masa hukuncin kisa, an kama shi sau 6, an buge shi sau 3 kuma sau biyu yana ƙoƙarin kashe kansa.
3. Yayinda yake yaro, Zoshchenko ya gamu da mummunar damuwa ta hankali - bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, shi da mahaifiyarsa sun tafi neman fansho, amma sun shiga cikin mummunan tsauta daga jami'in. Misha ta damu matuka da cewa yana da matsalar ƙwaƙwalwa har tsawon rayuwarsa. Yayin da cutar ta tsananta, kawai bai iya hadiye abinci ba, ya zama ba shi da ma'amala da fushi. Ya kasance kawai ya damu da ra'ayin dogaro da kai, ƙoƙarin son rai, warkarwa. Idan a ƙuruciyarsa mutane ƙalilan ne suka ba da hankali ga wannan damuwa, to a lokacin tsufa ta yi magana da Zoshchenko kusan ba za a iya jure shi ba. Labarin "Kafin fitowar rana", wanda ya zama babban dalilin zargi ga marubucin, cike yake da maganganun yaudara-kimiyya game da warkar da kai tare da ambaton hukumomi a cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam da ilimin lissafi. A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, Zoshchenko ya gaya wa kowa yadda ya warkar da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa da kansa, kuma jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa, da aka gayyace shi cin abincin dare, ya yi alfaharin cewa zai iya ɗaukar ƙananan abinci.
4. Wani lokaci Zoshchenko yayi aiki a matsayin malami a kiwon zomo da kiwon kaji a gonar jihar Mankovo kusa da Smolensk. Koyaya, lokacin sanyi na shekarar 1918/1919 yana tafiya, saboda raunin abinci mutane sun sami aiki ba don irin waɗannan mukamai ba.
5. A shekarar 1919, Mikhail ya shiga aikin adabin adabi, inda mai ba shi shawara shi ne Korney Chukovsky. A cewar shirin, darussan sun fara ne da sharhi mai mahimmanci. A cikin gajeren bayani, Zoshchenko yayi gajeren ƙari ga sunayen marubuta da taken ayyukan. V. Mayakovsky ana kiransa "mawaƙi na rashin lokaci", A. Blok - "mai banƙyama jarumi", da ayyukan Z. Gippius - "shayari na rashin lokaci". Ya kira Lilya Brik da Chukovsky "Masu ilimin adabin adabi".
"Masanin harhada magunguna" Korney Chukovsky
6. A Studio Studio, Zoshchenko yayi karatu tare da Vladimir Pozner Sr., mahaifin sanannen ɗan jaridar gidan talabijin. Dattijo Posner bai ma da shekaru 15 a lokacin ba, amma bisa ga tunanin “ɗaliban” (kamar yadda Chukovsky ya kira su), shi ne ran kamfanin kuma marubuci mai iya aiki.
7. Abubuwan ɗabi'a a cikin Studio sun kasance masu dimokiradiyya sosai. Lokacin da Chukovsky ya nemi maƙwabtansa su rubuta makala a kan waƙoƙin Nadson, Zoshchenko ya kawo masa waƙar maƙasudin malamin. Chukovsky yayi la'akari da kammala aikin, kodayake jim kaɗan Zoshchenko ya wuce rubutun.
8. Zoshchenko ya ba da kansa don Yaƙin Duniya na Farko. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar ofis na samfuran, a gaba, kusan nan da nan ya karɓi kamfani ƙarƙashin kwamanda, sannan kuma bataliya. An bashi sau hudu. A yayin artabun, an saka wa Zoshchenko gas. Wannan guba ta shafi aikin zuciya.
9. Bayan sanannen Umarni na 1 na Gwamnatin rikon kwarya, duk mukamai a cikin rundunar sojoji sun zama masu zabe. Sojojin sun zabi Kyaftin Zoshchenko ... likita ne na mulki - suna fatan cewa kyaftin din kyakyawan zai ba su karin takardun shaidar rashin lafiya. Duk da haka, sojojin ba su yi kuskure ba.
10. Labaran ban dariya da Zoshchenko ya karanta a gidan Arts, inda Studio ta motsa, sun kasance babbar nasara. Washegari, an jera labaran cikin kwatanci, kuma a duk fadin Gidan Al'adu ana jinsu kawai game da "hargitsi da tarzoma", "sauyawa", "Wando mai kyau" da kuma jumlar duniya "NN - wow, amma dan iska!"
11. A yayin bugawa da buga littafin Zoshchenko na farko, "Tatsuniyoyin Nazar Ilyich na Mr. Sinebryukhov," masu rubutun rubutun sun yi dariya sosai har wani bangare na littafin ya cika cikin murfin littafin K. Derzhavin mai suna "Littattafan da ke ba da Ra'ayi." 
12. Daga cikin marubutan a cikin 1920s ya kasance da kyau a hade a da'irori, al'ummomi, da dai sauransu. Mikhail Zoshchenko ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar 'Yan Uwa ta Serapion tare da Konstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov da sauran shahararrun marubuta na gaba.
13. Da zaran yanayin tattalin arziki a cikin USSR ya fara inganta kuma bugun littafi ya ci gaba, Zoshchenko ya zama ɗayan mashahuran marubuta. Wakilan gidajen buga littattafai sun bi shi, littattafan da aka buga aka sayar nan take. A cikin 1929, an buga ayyukansa na farko da aka tara.
14. Zoshchenko bai ji daɗi ba lokacin da magoya baya suka gane shi akan titi kuma suka yi masa tambayoyi da tambayoyi. Yawancin lokaci yakan ba da uzurin kansa da gaskiyar cewa ya yi kama da marubuci Zoshchenko, amma sunansa na ƙarshe ya bambanta. Shahararren Zoshchenko ya ji daɗin “'ya'yan Lieutenant Schmidt” - mutane suna yin kamarsa. Zai yiwu a kawar da 'yan sanda cikin sauki, amma wata rana Zoshchenko ya fara karɓar wasiƙu daga wata' yar fim din lardin, tare da ita, wanda ake zargin, ya yi ɓarna yayin yawo a jirgin ruwan Volga. Wasiku da yawa wanda marubucin ya shawo kan mawaƙin yaudarar bai canza yanayin ba. Dole ne in aika wa mai halin ɗabi'a hoto.
15. Dabi'u na zamanin: sauran masu haya sun koma cikin gidan Zoshchenko - an sami rarar murabba'in mita a wurin marubucin, wanda ya ji daɗin ƙawancen Unionungiyoyin Unionungiyoyin. ZHAKT (analog ɗin ZhEK na wancan lokacin) an sa masa suna bayan A. Gorky, kuma babban marubucin, wanda a lokacin ya rayu a tsibirin Capri, yana son ayyukan Zoshchenko sosai. Ya rubuta wasika zuwa "Petrel na juyin juya halin". Gorky ya rubuta wasika zuwa ga ZhAKT, inda a ciki ya yi godiya da bai wa kungiyar sunansa ya kuma nemi kada ta zalunci sanannen marubucin da ke zaune a gidan. Masu haya da aka sauya sun koma gida a ranar da ZhAKT ta karɓi wasiƙa daga Gorky.
16. Matar M. Zoshchenko, Vera, ‘yar wani jami’in tsarist ne, kuma a shekarar 1924 an“ tsarkake ta ”daga jami’ar, kodayake ta auri kyaftin din ma’aikatan rundunar tsarist lokacin da ta shiga jami’ar. Siririn bakin magana, mai magana, mai saurin tashin hankali ya kira mijinta fiye da "Mikhail".
17. A cikin 1929 Leningrad "Maraice Krasnaya Gazeta" ta gudanar da bincike, da fatan gano wanene mafi soyuwa da shahararren mutum a cikin birni. Zoshchenko ya ci nasara.
18. Tare da bayyanar shahararriyar adabi da masarauta, dangin Zoshchenko sun koma cikin babban gida suka tanada shi gwargwadon kudin su. Marubuci Viktor Shklovsky, bayan ya ziyarci Zoshchenko, ya ga kayan daki na gargajiya, zane-zane, zane-zanen auduga da ficus, ya ce: "Palm!" kuma ya kara da cewa daidai yanayin ya kasance a cikin gidajen karamin bourgeoisie, wanda Zoshchenko ya yi wa rauni. Marubucin da matarsa sun ji kunya sosai.
19. Layin Mayakovsky ya nuna shaharar Zoshchenko: "Kuma an ja mata idanunta / Wane irin Zoshchenko ne da take yin aure".
20. A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, Zoshchenko ya zama mai ban dariya har ma da bakin ciki. Bai taɓa yin wargi ba har ma ya yi magana game da abubuwa masu ban dariya da gaske. Mawaki Mikhail Koltsov yana son shirya tarurruka a gida tare da marubutan ban dariya, amma har a cikinsu yana da wuya a samu ko da kalma daga Zoshchenko. Bayan ɗayan waɗannan tarurrukan, a cikin faya-faya ta musamman da Koltsov ya ajiye don masu ba da dariya su rubuta lu'ulu'unsu na musamman, akwai rubutun da hannun Zoshchenko ya yi: “Na kasance. Yayi shiru na tsawon awanni 4. Ya tafi ".
21. Mikhail Zoshchenko ya yi, kamar masu raha na zamani, tare da kide kide da wake-wake. Halinsa kuma ya tunatar da shi Semyon Altov - ya karanta labarai kwata-kwata ba tare da sauti ba, da gaske da kuma rashin fahimta.
22. Mikhail Zoshchenko ne ya fassara daga littafin Maya Lassila na Finnish "Bayan Matan wasa", wanda aka yi amfani da shi don yin fim mai kyau a cikin USSR.
23. A lokacin Babban Yaƙin rioasa, Mikhail Zoshchenko ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba da kansa don gaba, amma an ƙi shi saboda dalilai na lafiya. Ta hanyar oda, an kwashe shi daga Leningrad da aka killace zuwa Alma-Ata. Tuni a 1943 ya koma Moscow, yayi aiki da mujallar Krokodil kuma ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo.
24. Tsanantawar da aka yi wa M. Zoshchenko da A. Akhmatova a cikin 1946 bayan Dokar Agusta a kan mujallu Zvezda da Leningrad ba su da daraja ga hukumomin Soviet. Ba ma game da sukar nuna bambanci ba ne - marubutan da kansu sun yarda da kansu ba haka ba. An zargi Zoshchenko da yin ɓoye a bayan yakin yayin yaƙin da rubuta rubuce-rubuce a kan gaskiyar Soviet, duk da cewa sanannen abu ne cewa an fitar da shi daga Leningrad da oda, kuma labarin "The Adventures of Monkey", wanda a ciki yake zargin ya ɓata gaskiyar Soviet, an rubuta shi ne don yara. Ga 'yan bangar da ke yakar kungiyar Leningrad Party, kowane bast ya zama yana kan layi, kuma Akhmatova da Zoshchenko sun zama kamar yashi da aka kama tsakanin kayan aikin wata babbar hanyar. Ga Mikhail Zoshchenko, tsanantawa da ainihin fitarwa daga adabi sun kasance kamar harbi a cikin haikalin. Bayan Doka, ya sake rayuwa tsawon wasu shekaru 12, amma waɗannan shekarun shuru ne na rashin nutsuwa. Soyayya ta ƙasa da sauri ta zama abin mantawa da ƙasa. Abokai kawai sun bar marubucin.
25. 'Yan watanni kafin mutuwar Zoshchenko, Chukovsky ya gabatar da shi ga wani matashi marubuci. Bayanin rabuwar Mikhail Mikhailovich ga saurayi abokin aikinsa kamar haka: “Adabi abu ne mai hadari, daidai yake da illa ga samar da farin gubar”.
